Self-Efficacy of Nurse Educators Mentoring Novice Nursing Faculty

139 Pages·2017·1.19 MB·English

Running head: MENTOR SELF-EFFICACY 1

Self-Efficacy of Nurse Educators Mentoring Novice Nursing Faculty

A Dissertation submitted
by
Mary E. Schemmel
to
College of Saint Mary
in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the degree of
DOCTOR OF EDUCATION
with an emphasis on
Health Professions Education
This Dissertation has been accepted for the faculty of
College of Saint Mary by:
Melanie Felton, Ph.D.
Karla Bergen, Ph.D.
Joan McCleish Ph.D., RN
MENTOR SELF-EFFICACY 2

We hereby certify that this Dissertation, submitted by your name, conforms to acceptable
standards and fully fulfills the Dissertation requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education
from College of Saint Mary

Chair
Melanie Felton, Ph.D.

Committee Member
Karla Bergen, Ph.D.

Committee Member
Joan McCleish Ph.D., RN
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Copyright © July 21, 2017
Mary Schemmel
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Dedication

This dissertation is dedicated to my late father, Dr. Robert Rasmussen, a life-long
learner who inspired me to excel personally and professionally. I also want to dedicate this to
my mother, Rita Rasmussen, who instilled in me from an early age to always remain
optimistic and persevere through life’s struggles. Finally, and most importantly, this is
dedicated to my husband, Dr. Thomas Schemmel, who was my constant companion and
number one champion throughout this journey. It would not have been possible to achieve this
dream without your unending love and support.
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Acknowledgement

I would like to express a profound appreciation and sincere gratitude to my Chair, Dr.
Melanie Felton for her encouragement and guidance throughout the dissertation process.
Thank you for always providing thoughtful and positive feedback on my progress. I would
also like to thank my other doctoral committee members, Dr. Karla Bergen and Dr. Joan
McCleish, for your time and support along the way. I am also very grateful to Dr. Lois
Linden for her valuable contribution in developing the proposal.
I would like to sincerely thank the participants who took the time to share their
experiences of becoming effective mentors. Your contributions to nursing education are
immeasurable. Finally, I would like to thank my colleagues, family, and friends for their
support and encouragement over the years.
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Table of Contents
Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 11
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 12
Purpose of the Study ..................................................................................................... 12
Background and Rationale ............................................................................................ 12
Problem Statement………………………………………………………………..…...16
Research Questions……………………………………………………………………16

Definition of Terms....................................................................................................... 16
Assumptions/Limitations/Delimitations ....................................................................... 18
Summary ....................................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................... 20
Social Cognitive Theory. .............................................................................................. 21
Modeling…………………………………………………..……………………..22

Self-Efficacy………………………………………………………………….….24

Benner's Novice to Expert Theoretical Model………………………………..............29

Role Transition of Expert Nurse to Novice Nurse Educator...………………..............37

Mentoring …………………………………………………………………………….42

The Expert Mentor……..………….…………………………………….……………52
Self-efficacy of Mentors ...................................................................................... 53
Summary ....................................................................................................................... 55
CHAPTER III: METHODS AND PROCEDURES ........................................................ 56
Research Design............................................................................................................ 56
Participants .................................................................................................................... 57
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Research Settings…….………………………………………………………….…… 59

Ethical Considersations ................................................................................................. 59
Procedures ..................................................................................................................... 61
Data Quality Procedures ............................................................................................... 63
Data Analysis Procedures: ............................................................................................ 65
Summary ....................................................................................................................... 66
CHAPTER IV: RESULTS ............................................................................................... 67
Research Questions ....................................................................................................... 67
Preface on Mentoring Effectiveness ............................................................................. 68
Description of Findings on Self-Efficacy ..................................................................... 75
Transition from Novice to Expert Mentor .................................................................... 87
Summary ...................................................................................................................... 94
CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY ........................................................... 96
Research Questions ....................................................................................................... 96
Interpretation of the Findings........................................................................................ 97
Implications and Recommendations ........................................................................... 107
Limitations of this Study ............................................................................................. 110
Future Research .......................................................................................................... 110
Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 111
References ................................................................................................................... 112
Appendices .................................................................................................................. 123
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LIST OF TABLES

1. Domains of Nursing Practice and Core Competencies of Nurse Educators......... 34
2. Demographic Data of Participants........................................................................ 59
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LIST OF FIGURES

1. Sources of Mentor Self-efficacy...........................................................................25
2. Phases of Data Analysis........................................................................................66

3. Definitions of Mentoring.......................................................................................69

4. Characteristics of Effective Mentors ....................................................................72

5. Mentor Sources of Self-efficacy............................................................................75

6. Transition from Novice to Expert Mentor ............................................................88

7. Recommendations to Enhance Mentor Self-efficacy...........................................108
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LIST OF APPENDICES
A. Request Letter to the Nursing College Dean or Director ………………………123
B. Participant Recruitment Letter………………………………………………….125
C. Informed Consent……………………………………………………………….127
D. Interview Protocol………………………………………………………………131
E. Rights of Research Participants…………………………………………………134
F. Demographic Form……………………………………………………………...135
G. Observation Form……………………………………………………………….136
H. Peer Review Documentation………….…………….…………………………...137
I. Audit Trail Documentation……………………………………………………...138