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SELF AND OTHERS Object Relations Theory in Practice SELF AND OTHERS Object Relations Theory in Practice N. Gregory Hamilton, M.D. ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham Boulder New York Toronto Oxford The author gratefully acknowledges permission to reprint the following material: Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, Topeka, Kansas. Case description based on material in The Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 50:323-340. Doubleday & Company, Inc., New York, New York, and A. P. Watt, Ud., London, England. Quote from W. Somerset Maugham's The Razor's Edge, 1944. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana. Quote from Rolfe Humphrie's translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses, 1955. Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service, Washington, D.C. Quote from Sundra Saperstein and Barbara Vobedjda's story as it appeared in The Oregonian, May 22, 1986. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, New York. Quote from W. B. Yeats' "Among School Children," 1927. NAL, New York, New York. Quote from R. B. Blakney's translation of Lao Tzu's The Way of Liye: Tao Te Ching, 1955. Random House, Inc., New York, New York. Quotes from William Faulkner's "Nobel Prize Speech," in n eF aulkner Reader, 1954, and from E. L. Doctorow's "Willi," in Lives ofthe Poets, 1984. A JASON ARONSON BOOK ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowmanlittlefield.com POBox 317 Oxford OX2 9RU, UK Copyright O 1990,1988 by Jason Aronson Inc. First Rowman & Littlefield edition published in 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hamilton, N. Gregory Self and others. Bibliography: p. / Includes index. 1. Self. 2. Object relations (Psychoanalysis) 3. Psychology, Pathological. 4. Psychotherapy. I. Title. 11. Title: Object relations theory in practice. [DNLM: 1. Ego. 2. Object Attachment. 3. Psychoanalytic Theory. WM460.5.02 H221sI RC455.4.S42H34 1987 154.2'2 87-1 9479 ISBN 0-87668-544-0 ISBN: 978-0-87668-554-0 Printed in the United States of America @-The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO 239.48-1 992. Preface and Acknowledgments PART I SELF, OBJECT, AND EGO Chapter 1 The Object Chapter 2 The Self Chapter 3 Self-object Chapter 4 The Ego PART I1 DEVELOPING OBJECT RELATIONS Chapter 5 Separation and Individuation 35 Autism (0 to 2 Months) Symbiosis (2 to 6 Months) Separation-Individuation (6 to 24 Months) Object Constancy (24 to 36 Months and Beyond) viii CONTENTS Chapter 6 Psychological Mechanisms 59 Integration and Differentiation Projection Incorporation, Introjection, and Identification Splitting Idealization and Devaluation Projective Identification Transitional Object Formation Developing Whole Object Relations Identification PART 111 THE OBJECT RELATIONS CONTINUUM Chapter 7 Autism Chapter 8 Schizophrenia Chapter 9 Mania Chapter 10 Borderline Personality Disorder Chapter 11 Narcissistic Personality Disorder Chapter 12 Neurotic and Normal Personalities PART IV TREATMENT Chapter 13 Relationship within Technique History Relationship within Technique: Clinical Example The Relationship in Technical Terms The Container and the Contained The Holding Environment and the Good Enough Mother Empathy Titrating the Closeness and the Need-Fear Dilemma Positive Projective Identification Attitude and Technique Chapter 14 Technique within Relationship 205 Insight and Growth Clarification, Confrontation, and Interpretation Confronting Structure Breaks Setting Limits Confronting Negative Transference Confronting Acting Out Juxtaposing Good and Bad Object Relations Units Clarifying Self and Object in Projective Identification Supporting Self-Esteem while Confronting the Grandiose Self Chapter 15 Countertransference 235 Projective Identification and Countertransference The Container and the Contained Boredom Devaluing Therapeutic Zeal Victim-Victimizer Roles Anger and Guilt Positive Countertransference Chapter 16 Groups, Systems, and Parallel Processes General Systems Theory Boundary Classification Basic Assumption Groups Splitting in Groups Parallel Processes in Supervision Families and Borderline Personality Disorder Families and Schizophrenia PART V BROADER CONTEXTS Chapter 17 Folklore, Myths, and Transformations of the Self 271 History Differentiation Practicing Rapprochement Oedipal Development

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Self and Others is addressed to students and practitioners of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Its 19 chapters are divided into five evenly balanced parts. The first rubric, "Self, Others, and Ego," introduces us to the units of the intersubjective constitution we have come to know a