Selene’s Two Faces: From 17th Century Drawings to Spacecraft Imaging

327 Pages·2018·16.504 MB·English

by  Carmen Pérez González

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i
Selene’s Two Faces
© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2018 | doi 10.1163/9789004298873_001
ii
Nuncius Series
Studies and Sources in the Material and Visual History of Science
Series Editors
Marco Beretta (University of Bologna)
Sven Dupré (Utrecht University / University of Amsterdam)
VOLUME 3
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/nuns
iii
Selene’s Two Faces
From 17th Century Drawings to Spacecraft Imaging
Edited by
Carmen Pérez González
LEIDEN | BOSTON
iv
Cover illustration: Man with a telescope, Japanese Ukiyo-e, mid-19th century, Louwman Collection of
Historical Telescopes, The Hague, The Netherlands (Also included as illustration 0.7).
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Pérez González, Carmen, 1969- editor.
Title: Selene’s two faces : from 17th century drawings to spacecraft imaging
/ edited by Carmen Perez Gonzalez.
Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2018] | Series: Nuncius series.
Studies and sources in the material and visual history of science ; volume
3 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018033518 (print) | LCCN 2018035698 (ebook) | ISBN
9789004298873 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004298866 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Moon--Pictorial works. | Lunar geography--History. |
Astronomy--History.
Classification: LCC QB595 (ebook) | LCC QB595 .S45 2018 (print) | DDC
523.3--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018033518
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
issn 2405-5077
isbn 978-90-04-29886-6 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-29887-3 (e-book)
Copyright 2018 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi,
Brill Sense and Hotei Publishing.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system,
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Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change.
This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.
ContentCsontents v
Contents
Acknowledgments vii
List of Figures and Tables viii
Notes on Contributors xiii xv
Introduction: On the Visible, the Invisible, Presences and Absences in
Lunar Portraiture 1
Carmen Pérez González
1 One World is not Enough
Remarks on the History of Selenography 34
Pedro M.P. Raposo
2 Mapping Time Rather than Mapping Space
The Moon in Persian Astronomy during the Naseri Period (1848-1896) 61
Carmen Pérez González
3 Japanese Lunar Drawings, Maps and Photographs before the 1870s 95
Tsuko Nakamura
4 Of Blurs, Maps and Portraits
Photography and the Moon 114
Charlotte Bigg
5 James Nasmyth on the Moon
Or on Becoming a Lunar Being, without the Lunacy 147
Omar W. Nasim
6 Karl Friedrich Küstner’s Moon Photographic Plates at Bonn
Observatory 188
Michael Geffert
7 The Digital Sky of Hamburg Observatory
Bringing Astro-photographic Plates from the 20th into the 21st
Century 206
Detlef Groote
Contents
Acknowledgments
Reggio Emilia
List of Figures and Tables
Notes on Contributors
Introduction
On the Visible, the Invisible, Presences and Absences in Lunar Portraiture vi Contents
Carmen Pérez González*
Chapter 1
One World is not Enough
Remarks on the History of Selenography 34
Pedro M.P. Raposo 8 From Astronomer-photographers to Astronaut-photographers
Chapter 2
Mapping Time Rather than Mapping Space Close-up Detailed Observations Performed by Spacecraft and Manned
The Moon in Persian Astronomy during the Naseri Period (1848-1896) 61
Carmen Pérez González* Exploration of the Moon 230
Chapter 3
Japanese Lunar Drawings, Maps and Photographs before the 1870s Pedro Ré and Carmen Pérez González
Tsuko Nakamura
Chapter 4
Of Blurs, Maps and Portraits
Photography and the Moon 114
Charlotte Bigg* Chronology. History of Moon-photography: Timeline 274
Chapter 5
James Nasmyth on the Moon Pedro Ré and Carmen Pérez González
Or on Becoming a Lunar Being, without the Lunacy 147
Omar W. Nasim
Chapter 6
Karl Friedrich Küstner’s Moon Photographic Plates at Bonn Observatory
Michael Geffert Bibliography 281
Chapter 7
The Digital Sky of Hamburg Observatory Index 304
Bringing Astro-photographic Plates from the 20th into the 21st Century 206
Detlef Groote 282
Chapter 8  Ré and Pérez González
From Astronomer-photographers to Astronaut-photographers
Close-up Detailed Observations Performed by Spacecraft and Manned Exploration of the Moon 230
Pedro Ré and Carmen Pérez González*
Chronology Ré and Pérez González
History of Moon-photography: Timeline
Pedro Ré and Carmen Pérez González
Bibliography
Index
AcknowAlcedkgnmoewnltesdgments vii
Acknowledgments
First and foremost, I would like to thank all co-authors in this collaborative
undertaking for their hard work, patience and collegial good nature through-
out the gestation process of this book. I am indebted to all of them.
I shall like to thank the unknown peer-reviewer of this book, who made
valuable suggestions on a previous draft of the book. I would like to thank also
the editors of the Nuncius Series at Brill, Marco Beretta and Sven Duprè for
their help and support with this book project. At Brill I would like to thank as
well Wendel Scholma, Isadora Lyra, Rosanna Woensdregt, and Pieter te Velde,
who took care of the editorial tasks related to the book at different stages and
who were always helpful during the production of the book.
I would like to thank as well a few scholars who read different parts of the
book and made valuable comments on them: Volker Remmert; Tofigh Heidar-
zadeh; and Edgar Scholz. Joseph Swann did excellent English copy-edit work
on most of the chapters of this book.
We would like to thank the following institutions and private collectors for
letting us print the images selected for this book, kept in their collections and
archives: Hamburger Sternwarte; Argelander-Institut der Universität Bonn;
Sammlung Historischer Himmelsaufnahmen der Universität Bonn; Birgming-
han City Library; Adler Planetarium (Chicago); Museum of the History of Sci-
ence, University of Oxford; JAXA/SELENE (Japan); Ueda City Museum (Japan);
Kimia Foundation (Los Angeles); Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kul-
turbesitz; Bibliothèque Nationale de France; National Media Museum/Science
& Society Picture Library; Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg; ESA/
NASA/JPL/University of Arizona; Science Museum in London; University of
Manchester; Royal Geographical Society; Royal Observatory of Edinburg;
NASA; Hasselblad Foundation (Göteborg); CNSA; Marco Antonello Collection
(Italy) and Maria Francesca Bonetti; Louwman Collection of Historical Tele-
scopes; Houman Sarshar Kimia Foundation (Los Angeles); Azita and Elmar
Seibel Collection (Boston); S. Shimada (Japan); and Christopher B. Steiner.
Special thanks are due to Volker Remmert, director of the IZWT (Interdisci-
plinary Centre for Science and Technology Studies) at Bergische Universität
Wuppertal, for his support and encouragement of this project.
Reggio Emilia
June 2018
viii List of Figures and tables List Of Figures And Tables
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
0.1 John Phillips, Gassendi Crater, 1853, made with a Cooke telescope of 6,25 inch
aperture and 11 feet sidereal focus, mounted equatorially and carried by
clockwork 13
0.2 James Anderson, Crater Copernicus, 19.11.1855, as seen through the big
refracting Metz telescope at the Observatory of the Colegio Romano, when the
moon was 10 days old 14
0.3 Moon Paper studio photograph, c. 1920 18
0.4 Moon studio, c.1920 19
0.5 Observation of the Siamese king Narai and French Jesuits (“the mathemati-
cians”) of a lunar eclipse in Louvo 1685 22
0.6 Unknown artist, Pair of Folding Screens “Famous Places (meisho) in the Region
of Osaka“, around 1840 23
0.7 Man with a telescope, Japanese Ukiyo-e, mid-19th century 24
0.8 Album page from Sir John Benjamin Stone’s album 31, Miscellaneous (1868-
1879), showing four Warren de la Rue’s moon photographs (1873) 28
0.9 594 – (16648), The Full Moon 30
0.10 595 – (16646), Moon at age of seventeenth days 31
1.1 Woodcuts from the Frankfurt pirate edition of Galileo Galilei’s Sidereus
Nuncius (1610) 38
1.2 Rendering of the Moon in Christoph Scheiner, Disquisitiones Mathematicae
(Ingolstadt, 1614) 40
1.3 Plena facies moon map from Johannes Hevelius, Selenographia (Gdansk,
1647) 43
1.4 Nomenclature map in Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Almagestum Novum (Bologna,
1651) 46
1.5 Selenographia moon Globe by John Russell 52
1.6 Plate from Johann Hieronymus Schröter, Selenotopographische Fragmente …,
vol. 1 (Lilienthal, 1791) 53
1.7 Plate from J.F. Julius Schmidt, Charte der Gebirge des Mondes (Berlin, 1878) 55
1.8 Lunar globe in the Columbian Field Museum, c. 1898. 57
1.9 Plate from Johann Nepomuk Krieger, Mond-Atlas (Vienna, 1912) 58
1.10 Globe showing topographical features on the far side of the moon 59
2.1 L. Langerer, portrait of Reza Akkasbashi, first court photographer to Naser
al-Din Shah in Vienna, c. 1873 75
2.2 Unknown court photographer, Abdul Ghaffar Najm al-Dawleh, royal
astronomer to Naser al-Din Shah, c. 1890 76
List of Figures and Tables ix
2.3 Reza Akkasbasi, First known photograph of the Moon taken in Iran, c. 1864 77
2.4 Reza Akkasbashi, photographic tent in royal camp, northern Iran, c. 1864 78
2.5 Dr. Fevrier, Map of Tehran (with the Royal Golestan Palace and Dar al-Funun),
c. 1890 79
2.6 Observatory place in Isfahan, Venus Transit, 1874 82
2.7 Observatory place in Isfahan, Venus Transit, 1874 83
2.8 Chief astronomer from Isfahan, German Venus Transit expedition to Isfahan,
1874 83
2.9 Map of Tehran by Abdull Ghaffar Najm al-Dawleh, 1887 85
2.10 Page of book Qanun-i-Nasiri by Abdul Ghaffar Najm al-Dawleh, with the phases
of the Moon, 1865 85
2.11 Page of book Qanun-i-Nasiri by Abdul Ghaffar Najm al-Dawleh: a section on
lunar craters, 1865 87
2.12 Page of book Qanun-i-Nasiri by Abdul Ghaffar Najm al-Dawleh: a section on
lunar craters, 1865 88
2.13 Portrait of Mahmood Khan Ghomi, royal astronomer to Naser al-Din Shah,
c. 1870 89
2.14 Newspaper’s page reporting on Mahmud Khan Qomi’s trip to Europe 90
2.15 Antoin Sevruguin, Shams al-Emarol Tower, Palace Golestan, Tehran,
“ Observatory” at court, c. 1880s, albumen print 92
2.16 Mozaffar al-Din Mirza with a telescope in Tabriz, c. 1890 94
3.1 A primitive sketch of the Moon with comments, drawn by Asada in 1779 98
3.2 Asada crater on the Moon, photographed by the Kaguya Lunar Orbiter in
2008 99
3.3 Lunar sketches of the Moon by Zenbei Iwahashi in 1793 101
3.4 The first Gregorian reflector telescope produced by Tobei Kunitomo 102
3.5 Kunitomo’s sketches of the lunar disk observed in September of 1836 104
3.6 The lunar map painted in the Japanese traditional style of a hanging
screen 105
3.7 The upper left quarter of Taiin no Zu 106
3.8 The lower left quarter of Taiin no Zu 106
3.9 The upper half quarter of the Moon, showing the line (AB) jointing the two
halves of the Moon 107
3.10 The lunar map by La Hire (1702) 108
3.11 Copperplate engraving ‘Getsurin Shinkei no Zu’ (True Moon) by Shiba Kokan
(1796), and figure of the Moon cited in the book Underground World published
by Athanacius Kircher in 1664 111
3.12 An early photograph of the Moon taken by the Japanese in or before 1875 113
4.1 Plate 4, Gérard de Vaucouleurs, Astronomical Photography. From the Daguerreo-
type to the Electron Camera 117
4.2 Wilhelm Beer, Johann Mädler, Mappa selenographica totam Lunae
hemisphaeram visibilem complectens observationibus propriis secundum