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Selective Remembrances Selective Remembrances Archaeology in the Construction, Commemoration, and Consecration of National Pasts EDITED BY PHILIP L. KOHL, MARA KOZELSKY, AND NACHMAN BEN-YEHUDA TheUniversityofChicagoPress ChicagoandLondon PHILIP L. KOHLisprofessorofanthropologyandtheKathrynW. DavisProfessorofSlavicStudiesatWellesleyCollegeandtheauthorof CentralAsia:PaleolithicBeginningstotheIronAgeandTheMakingof BronzeAgeEurasia.MARA KOZELSKYisassistantprofessorof historyattheUniversityofSouthAlabama.NACHMAN BEN-YEHUDAisprofessorofsociologyattheHebrewUniversityin JerusalemandtheauthorofDevianceandMoralBoundaries:Witchcraft, theOccult,ScienceFiction,DeviantSciencesandScientists,publishedby theUniversityofChicagoPress,andSacrificingTruth:Archaeologyand theMythofMasada. TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago60637 TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Ltd.,London ©2007byTheUniversityofChicago Allrightsreserved.Published2007 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN-13:978-0-226-45058-2(cloth) ISBN-13:978-0-226-45059-9(paper) ISBN-10:0-226-45058-9(cloth) ISBN-10:0-226-45059-7(paper) LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Selectiveremembrances:archaeologyintheconstruction, commemoration,andconsecrationofnationalpasts/editedbyPhilip L.Kohl,MaraKozelsky,andNachmanBen-Yehuda. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-0-226-45058-2(cloth:alk.paper) ISBN-10:0-226-45058-9(cloth:alk.paper) ISBN-13:978-0-226-45059-9(pbk:alk.paper) ISBN-10:0-226-45059-7(pbk:alk.paper) 1.Archaeology— Politicalaspects—Casestudies. 2.Archaeologyandstate—Casestudies. 3.Nationalism—Casestudies. 4.Historiography—Politicalaspects— Casestudies. 5.Memory—Politicalaspects—Casestudies. I.Kohl, PhilipL.,1946– II.Kozelsky,Mara. III.Ben-Yehuda,Nachman. CC135.S45 2008 930.1—dc22 2007017497 (cid:2)∞Thepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirements oftheAmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciences— PermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSIZ39.48–1992. ZAALKIKODZE ThisvolumeisdedicatedtothememoryofZaalKikodze.His entirelifewasdevotedtothepromotionofinterculturalunder- standingandtheresolutionofethnicandnationalconflicts. Zalikodistinguishedjustifiablenationalpridefromxenophobic chauvinism.Herecognizedourinterdependenceononeanother andourparticipationinanintricatelyinterconnectedpastand sharedfuture. Contents Introduction SelectiveRemembrances:ArchaeologyintheConstruction, Commemoration,andConsecrationofNationalPasts 1 PHILIP L. KOHL, MARA KOZELSKY, AND NACHMAN BEN-YEHUDA PartOne:RussiaandEasternEurope 1 RussianResponse Archaeology,RussianNationalism,andthe“ArcticHomeland” 31 VICTOR A. SHNIRELMAN 2 TheChallengesofChurchArchaeologyinPost-SovietCrimea 71 MARA KOZELSKY 3 TheWritingofCaucasianAlbania FactsandFalsifications 99 MURTAZALI S. GADJIEV 4 ArchaeologyandNationalisminTheHistoryoftheRomanians 127 GHEORGHE ALEXANDRU NICULESCU PartTwo:TheNearEast 5 TheRiseoftheHittiteSun ADeconstructionofWesternCivilizationfromtheMargin 163 WENDY SHAW 6 TheSenseofBelonging ThePoliticsofArchaeologyinModernIraq 189 MAGNUS T. BERNHARDSSON 7 TheNameGame ThePersianGulf,Archaeologists,andthePoliticsofArab-Iranian Relations 206 KAMYAR ABDI PartThree:Israel/Palestine 8 ExcavatingMasada ThePolitics-ArchaeologyConnectionatWork 247 NACHMAN BEN-YEHUDA 9 RecoveringAuthenticity West-BankSettlersandtheSecondStageofNationalArchaeology 277 MICHAEL FEIGE 10 AppropriatingthePast Heritage,Tourism,andArchaeologyinIsrael 299 UZI BARAM 11 AnArchaeologyofPalestine MourningaDream 326 GHADA ZIADEH-SEELY PartFour:SouthandSoutheastAsia 12 TheAryanHomelandDebateinIndia 349 SHEREEN RATNAGAR 13 TheImpactofColonialismandNationalismintheArchaeology ofThailand 379 RASMI SHOOCONGDEJ Contributors 401 Index 405 Introduction Selective Remembrances: Archaeology in the Construction, Commemoration, and Consecration of National Pasts PHILIP L. KOHL, MARA KOZELSKY, AND NACHMAN BEN-YEHUDA The thirteen case studies presented here illustrate how re- constructions of the remote past from early historical or archaeologicalsourcesmaybemanipulatedtosupportand validatecontemporarypoliticalpurposes,includingspecific nationalistagendas.Thiscollectionhasbeenalongtimein themaking.Itwas conceived,adecadeago,asasequelto the volume edited by Philip L. Kohl and Clare Fawcett in 1995, Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology, which focused on the relationship between nationalism and archaeology in Europe and East Asia. The new collec- tionwasintendedtoextendthediscussionbytreatingthe Near East and South Asia. But in the years since 1995, numerous studies have examined the political context in which archaeology and the reconstruction of the remote past are practiced.1 Consequently, this second volume de- partssubstantiallyfromthefirst:itbuildsuponawidebody ofscholarshipforamorematuretreatmentofasubjectthat in 1995 had only begun to be investigated. Moreover, in theinterveningyears,nationalismitselfhastakenonnew forms,andinresponseearlierassumptionshavehadtobe expanded,revised,orevenrethought.Manyofthecurrent 1

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When political geography changes, how do reorganized or newly formed states justify their rule and create a sense of shared history for their people? Often, the essays in Selective Remembrances reveal, they turn to archaeology, employing the field and its findings to develop nationalistic feelings a
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Selective Remembrances Selective Remembrances Archaeology in the Construction, Commemoration, and Consecration of National Pasts EDITED BY PHILIP L. KOHL, MARA KOZELSKY, AND NACHMAN BEN-YEHUDA TheUniversityofChicagoPress ChicagoandLondon PHILIP L. KOHLisprofessorofanthropologyandtheKathrynW. DavisProfessorofSlavicStudiesatWellesleyCollegeandtheauthorof CentralAsia:PaleolithicBeginningstotheIronAgeandTheMakingof BronzeAgeEurasia.MARA KOZELSKYisassistantprofessorof historyattheUniversityofSouthAlabama.NACHMAN BEN-YEHUDAisprofessorofsociologyattheHebrewUniversityin JerusalemandtheauthorofDevianceandMoralBoundaries:Witchcraft, theOccult,ScienceFiction,DeviantSciencesandScientists,publishedby theUniversityofChicagoPress,andSacrificingTruth:Archaeologyand theMythofMasada. TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago60637 TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Ltd.,London ©2007byTheUniversityofChicago Allrightsreserved.Published2007 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN-13:978-0-226-45058-2(cloth) ISBN-13:978-0-226-45059-9(paper) ISBN-10:0-226-45058-9(cloth) ISBN-10:0-226-45059-7(paper) LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Selectiveremembrances:archaeologyintheconstruction, commemoration,andconsecrationofnationalpasts/editedbyPhilip L.Kohl,MaraKozelsky,andNachmanBen-Yehuda. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-0-226-45058-2(cloth:alk.paper) ISBN-10:0-226-45058-9(cloth:alk.paper) ISBN-13:978-0-226-45059-9(pbk:alk.paper) ISBN-10:0-226-45059-7(pbk:alk.paper) 1.Archaeology— Politicalaspects—Casestudies. 2.Archaeologyandstate—Casestudies. 3.Nationalism—Casestudies. 4.Historiography—Politicalaspects— Casestudies. 5.Memory—Politicalaspects—Casestudies. I.Kohl, PhilipL.,1946– II.Kozelsky,Mara. III.Ben-Yehuda,Nachman. CC135.S45 2008 930.1—dc22 2007017497 (cid:2)∞Thepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirements oftheAmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciences— PermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSIZ39.48–1992. ZAALKIKODZE ThisvolumeisdedicatedtothememoryofZaalKikodze.His entirelifewasdevotedtothepromotionofinterculturalunder- standingandtheresolutionofethnicandnationalconflicts. Zalikodistinguishedjustifiablenationalpridefromxenophobic chauvinism.Herecognizedourinterdependenceononeanother andourparticipationinanintricatelyinterconnectedpastand sharedfuture. Contents Introduction SelectiveRemembrances:ArchaeologyintheConstruction, Commemoration,andConsecrationofNationalPasts 1 PHILIP L. KOHL, MARA KOZELSKY, AND NACHMAN BEN-YEHUDA PartOne:RussiaandEasternEurope 1 RussianResponse Archaeology,RussianNationalism,andthe“ArcticHomeland” 31 VICTOR A. SHNIRELMAN 2 TheChallengesofChurchArchaeologyinPost-SovietCrimea 71 MARA KOZELSKY 3 TheWritingofCaucasianAlbania FactsandFalsifications 99 MURTAZALI S. GADJIEV 4 ArchaeologyandNationalisminTheHistoryoftheRomanians 127 GHEORGHE ALEXANDRU NICULESCU PartTwo:TheNearEast 5 TheRiseoftheHittiteSun ADeconstructionofWesternCivilizationfromtheMargin 163 WENDY SHAW 6 TheSenseofBelonging ThePoliticsofArchaeologyinModernIraq 189 MAGNUS T. BERNHARDSSON 7 TheNameGame ThePersianGulf,Archaeologists,andthePoliticsofArab-Iranian Relations 206 KAMYAR ABDI PartThree:Israel/Palestine 8 ExcavatingMasada ThePolitics-ArchaeologyConnectionatWork 247 NACHMAN BEN-YEHUDA 9 RecoveringAuthenticity West-BankSettlersandtheSecondStageofNationalArchaeology 277 MICHAEL FEIGE 10 AppropriatingthePast Heritage,Tourism,andArchaeologyinIsrael 299 UZI BARAM 11 AnArchaeologyofPalestine MourningaDream 326 GHADA ZIADEH-SEELY PartFour:SouthandSoutheastAsia 12 TheAryanHomelandDebateinIndia 349 SHEREEN RATNAGAR 13 TheImpactofColonialismandNationalismintheArchaeology ofThailand 379 RASMI SHOOCONGDEJ Contributors 401 Index 405 Introduction Selective Remembrances: Archaeology in the Construction, Commemoration, and Consecration of National Pasts PHILIP L. KOHL, MARA KOZELSKY, AND NACHMAN BEN-YEHUDA The thirteen case studies presented here illustrate how re- constructions of the remote past from early historical or archaeologicalsourcesmaybemanipulatedtosupportand validatecontemporarypoliticalpurposes,includingspecific nationalistagendas.Thiscollectionhasbeenalongtimein themaking.Itwas conceived,adecadeago,asasequelto the volume edited by Philip L. Kohl and Clare Fawcett in 1995, Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology, which focused on the relationship between nationalism and archaeology in Europe and East Asia. The new collec- tionwasintendedtoextendthediscussionbytreatingthe Near East and South Asia. But in the years since 1995, numerous studies have examined the political context in which archaeology and the reconstruction of the remote past are practiced.1 Consequently, this second volume de- partssubstantiallyfromthefirst:itbuildsuponawidebody ofscholarshipforamorematuretreatmentofasubjectthat in 1995 had only begun to be investigated. Moreover, in theinterveningyears,nationalismitselfhastakenonnew forms,andinresponseearlierassumptionshavehadtobe expanded,revised,orevenrethought.Manyofthecurrent 1

Description:
When political geography changes, how do reorganized or newly formed states justify their rule and create a sense of shared history for their people? Often, the essays in Selective Remembrances reveal, they turn to archaeology, employing the field and its findings to develop nationalistic feelings a
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