Seismic data interpretation using digital image processing

233 Pages·2017·84.65 MB·English

by  Al-Dossary, Saleh A.;Al-Shuhail, Abdullatif A.;Mousa, Wail Abdul-Hakim

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SeismicDataInterpretationusingDigitalImageProcessing
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Seismic Data Interpretation using Digital Image
Processing
AbdullatifA.Al-Shuhail
KingFahdUniversityofPetroleum&Minerals
Dhahran,SaudiArabia
SalehA.Al-Dossary
SaudiArabianOilCompany
Dhahran,SaudiArabia
WailA.Mousa
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KingFahdUniversityofPetroleum&Minerals
Dhahran,SaudiArabia
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2017
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Al-Shuhail,AbdullatifAbdulrahman,1962-author.|Al-Dossary,Saleh
A.,1965-author.|Mousa,WailAbdul-Hakim,author.
Title:Seismicdatainterpretationusingdigitalimageprocessing/
AbdullatifA.Al-Shuhail,SalehA.Al-Dossary,WailA.Mousa.
Description:Hoboken,NJ,USA:JohnWiley&SonsInc.,2017.|Includes
bibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2017005390(print)|LCCN2017008974(ebook)|ISBN
9781118881781(hardback)|ISBN9781118881804(AdobePDF)|ISBN
9781118881798(ePub)
Subjects:LCSH:Seismicreflectionmethod.|Imageprocessing–Digital
techniques.|Petroleum–Prospecting–Dataprocessing.
Classification:LCCTN269.84.A4252017(print)|LCCTN269.84(ebook)|DDC
551.22028/7–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017005390
CoverDesign:Wiley
CoverImage:(Background)©Artpilot/Gettyimages;(InsetImages)Courtesyofauthors
Setin10/12ptWarnockProbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India
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vii
Contents
Foreword xi
Preface xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 ImageProcessingofExplorationSeismicData 1
1.2 ExplorationSeismicData:FromAcquisitiontoInterpretation 1
1.2.1 SeismicDataAcquisition 2
1.2.2 SeismicDataProcessing 2
1.2.3 SeismicDataInterpretation 2
1.3 TheSeismicConvolutionModel 3
(cid:2) 1.4 Summary 6 (cid:2)
2 SeismicDataInterpretation 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 StructuralFeatures 11
2.2.1 Faults 11
2.2.2 Folds 18
2.2.3 Diapirs 21
2.3 StratigraphicFeatures 22
2.3.1 Channels 24
2.3.2 Reefs 26
2.3.3 Truncation 27
2.4 SeismicInterpretationTools 27
2.4.1 SeismicSequenceStratigraphy 29
2.4.2 SeismicFaciesAnalysis 33
2.4.3 DirectHydrocarbonIndicators 35
2.4.4 TyingSeismicandWellData 35
2.4.5 SeismicModeling 35
2.4.6 Time-to-DepthConversion 41
2.4.7 SeismicAttributes 44
2.5 PitfallsinSeismicInterpretation 44
2.6 Summary 48
2.7 ProblemsandComputerAssignments 49
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viii Contents
3 SeismicImageEnhancementintheSpatialDomain 59
3.1 Introduction 59
3.1.1 TheMean(Running-Average)Filter 60
3.2 TheMedianFilter 63
3.3 TheEdge-PreservingSmoothingAlgorithm 66
3.3.1 Two-DimensionalStructure-PreservingSmoothing 67
3.4 Wavelet-BasedSmoothing 70
3.4.1 Method 70
3.4.2 SharpeningFilter 71
3.5 Summary 72
3.6 ProblemsandComputerAssignments 73
4 SeismicImageEnhancementintheSpectralDomain 77
4.1 Introduction 77
4.2 TheFourierTransform 77
4.3 FilteringintheSpectralDomain 80
4.4 SpectralAttributes 83
4.5 Summary 85
4.6 ProblemsandComputerAssignments 85
5 SeismicAttributes 87
5.1 Introduction 87
(cid:2) 5.2 DetectionofInterestingRegionsfromTimeorDepthThree-Dimensional (cid:2)
SlicesusingSeismicAttributes 87
5.3 Two-DimensionalNumericalGradientEdge-DetectorOperators 89
5.4 ApplicationtoRealSeismicData 91
5.5 Two-DimensionalSecond-OrderDerivativeOperator 96
5.5.1 TheCoherenceAttribute 96
5.5.2 TheDipAttribute 100
5.6 TheCurvatureAttribute 101
5.7 CurvatureoftheSurface 103
5.7.1 Curve,Velocity,andCurvature 103
5.7.2 Surface,TangentPlane,andNorm 104
5.8 ShapeOperator,NormalCurvature,andPrincipalCurvature 105
5.8.1 NormalCurvature 105
5.8.2 ShapeOperator 105
5.8.3 ThePrincipalCurvatures 106
5.8.4 CalculationofthePrincipalCurvatures 106
5.8.5 SummaryofCalculationofPrincipalCurvatureforaSurface 107
5.9 TheRandomnessAttribute 108
5.10 TechniqueforTwo-DimensionalImages 109
5.10.1 ProblemStatementandPreliminaries 109
5.10.2 ReviewofFastNoiseVarianceEstimationAlgorithm 110
5.10.3 DesignMaskbyConstrainedOptimization 111
5.11 TheSpectralDecompositionAttribute 113
5.12 Summary 115
5.13 ProblemsandComputerAssignments 116
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