Segregation, Integration, Assimilation: Religious and Ethnic Groups in the Medieval Towns of Central and Eastern Europe

282 Pages·2016·6.989 MB·English

by  Derek Keene, Balázs Nagy, Katalin Szende

SEGREGATION – INTEGRATION – ASSIMILATION
Historical Urban Studies Series
Series editors: Jean-Luc Pinol and Richard Rodger
Titles in the series include:
Urban Societies in East-Central Europe, 1500–1700
Jaroslav Miller
Marriage, Manners and Mobility in Early Modern Venice
Alexander Cowan
Who Ran the Cities?
City Elites and Urban Power Structures in Europe and North America,
1750–1940
Edited by Ralf Roth and Robert Beachy
Heads of the Local State
Mayors, Provosts and Burgomasters since 1800
Edited by John Garrard
The Making of an Indian Metropolis
Colonial Governance and Public Culture in Bombay, 1890–1920
Prashant Kidambi
Corruption in Urban Politics and Society, Britain 1780–1950
Edited by James Moore and John Smith
Testimonies of the City
Identity, Community and Change in a Contemporary Urban World
Edited by Richard Rodger and Joanna Herbert
Public Health and Municipal Policy Making
Britain and Sweden, 1900–1940
Marjaana Niemi
Medicine, Charity and Mutual Aid
The Consumption of Health and Welfare in Britain, c.1550–1950
Edited by Anne Borsay and Peter Shapely
The City and the Senses
Urban Culture Since 1500
Edited by Alexander Cowan and Jill Steward
Segregation – Integration
– Assimilation
Religious and Ethnic Groups in the Medieval Towns of
Central and Eastern Europe
Edited by
DEREK KEENE
Institute of Historical Research, London, UK
BALÁZS NAGY
Central European University and Eötvös Loránd University,
Budapest, Hungary
KATALIN SZENDE
Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
First published 2009 by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
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Copyright © Derek Keene, Balázs Nagy, Katalin Szende and the contributors 2009
Derek Keene, Balázs Nagy and Katalin Szende have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Segregation, integration, assimilation: religious and ethnic groups in the medieval towns of Central and
Eastern Europe.– (Historical urban studies)
1. Assimilation (Sociology) – Europe, Central – History – To 1500. 2. Assimilation (Sociology)
– Europe, Eastern – History – To 1500. 3. Minorities – Europe, Central – History – To 1500. 4.
Minorities – Europe, Eastern – History – To 1500. 5. Sociology, Urban – Europe, Central – History –
To 1500. 6. Sociology, Urban – Europe, Eastern – History – To 1500. 7. Ethnicity – Europe, Central
–History – To 1500. 8. Ethnicity – Europe, Eastern – History – To 1500. 9. Cultural pluralism –
Europe, Central – History – To 1500. 10. Cultural pluralism – Europe, Eastern – History--To 1500.
I. Series II. Keene, Derek. III. Nagy, Balázs. IV. Szende, Katalin.
305.8’00943’0902–dc22
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Segregation, integration, assimilation: religious and ethnic groups in the medieval towns of Central and
Eastern Europe / [edited by] Derek Keene, Balázs Nagy, and Katalin Szende.
p. cm. – (Historical urban studies series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-7546-6477-2 (hardcover: alk. paper) 1. Minorities – Europe, Central – History – To
1500. 2. Minorities – Europe, Eastern – History – To 1500. 3. Religious minorities – Europe, Central
– History – To 1500. 4. Religious minorities – Europe, Eastern – History – To 1500. 5. City and
town life – Europe, Central – History – To 1500. 6. City and town life – Europe, Eastern – History
– To 1500. 7. Cities and towns, Medieval – Europe, Central – History – To 1500. 8. Cities and
towns, Medieval – Europe, Eastern – History – To 1500. 9. Europe, Central – Social conditions. 10.
Europe, Eastern – Social conditions. I. Keene, Derek. II. Nagy, Balázs. III. Szende, Katalin.
DAW1026.S44 2009
305.60943’0902–dc22
2009009999
ISBN13: 978-0-7546-6477-2 (hbk)
Contents
List of Figures vii
Notes on Contributors xi
General Editor’s Preface xv
Preface xvii
1 Introduction: Segregation, Zoning and Assimilation in Medieval
Towns 1
Derek Keene
2 Various Ethnic and Religious Groups in Medieval German Towns?
Some Evidence and Reflections 15
Felicitas Schmieder
3 Russians in Livonian Towns in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth
Centuries 33
Anti Selart
4 ‘... propter disparitatem linguae et religionis pares ipsis non esse ...’
‘Minority’ Communities in Medieval and Early Modern Lviv 51
Olha Kozubska-Andrusiv
5 Foreign Ethnic Groups in the Towns of Southern Hungary in the
Middle Ages 67
István Petrovics
6 Buda: The Multi-ethnic Capital of Medieval Hungary 89
András Végh
7 Late Medieval Ethnic Structures in the Inland Towns of Present-day
Slovenia 101
Boris Golec
8 Gradation of Differences: Ethnic and Religious Minorities in
Medieval Dubrovnik 115
Zdenka Janeković Römer
vi SEGREGATION – INTEGRATION – ASSIMILATION
9 Minorities and Foreigners in Bulgarian Medieval Towns in the
Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries: Literary and Archaeological
Fragments 135
Kazimir Popkonstantinov and Rossina Kostova
10 Nobiles, Cives et Popolari: Four Towns under the Rule of Carlo I
Tocco (c.1375–1429) 153
Nada Zečević
11 The Towns of Medieval Hungary in the Reports of Contemporary
Travellers 169
Balázs Nagy
12 Crown, Gown and Town: Zones of Royal, Ecclesiastical and Civic
Interaction in Medieval Buda and Visegrád 179
József Laszlovszky
13 Integration through Language: The Multilingual Character of Late
Medieval Hungarian Towns 205
Katalin Szende
14 The Visual Image of the ‘Other’ in Late Medieval Urban Space:
Patterns and Constructions 235
Gerhard Jaritz
Index 251
List of Figures
3.1 Riga in c.1300 (map prepared by the author) 39
3.2 Late medieval Tallinn (map prepared by the author) 43
3.3 Late medieval Tartu (map prepared by the author) 45
5.1 Major settlements and routes in late medieval Hungary (after:
The Role of Magic in the Past: Learned and popular magic,
popular beliefs and diversity of attitudes, ed. Blanka Szeghyová.
Bratislava: Pro Historia, 2005, 109) 88
6.1 Buda, parish boundaries and house ownership in the castrum in
the fourteenth century (map prepared by the author) 95
6.2 Buda, parish boundaries and house ownership in the castrum in
the sixteenth century (map prepared by the author) 96
7.1 Late Medieval inland towns in present-day Slovenia (Anton
Melik Geographical Institute) 102
7.2 Percentage of surnames in selected towns of present-day Slovenia
(graph prepared by the author) 108
7.3 Percentage of Slovene first names in selected towns of present-
day Slovenia (graph prepared by the author) 109
9.1 Town plan of medieval Tŭrnovo (after Mirko Robov,
‘Dopŭlnitelnata ukrepitelna sistema na srednovekovnija grad
Tŭrnov’, Arheologija 4 (1988), obr. 1) 138
9.2 Town plan of Plovdiv (drawn by Svetozar Bojadzhiev) 143
9.3(a) Cyrillic inscription from Preslav, twelfth century (after Kazimir
Popkonstantinov, Otto Kronsteiner, Altbulgarische Inschriften,
vol. 2, 104–5 and 130–31) 151
9.3(b) Cyrillic inscription from Shumen, thirteenth century (after
Kazimir Popkonstantinov, Otto Kronsteiner, Altbulgarische
Inschriften, vol. 2, 104–5 and 130–31) 151
12.1 Visegrád. Settlement structure in the Angevin period (map
prepared by Orsolya Mészáros, Visegrád késő középkori város
története és helyrajza. [The history and topography of late
medieval Visegrád]. PhD dissertation, University of Debrecen,
2008, Figure 32) 182
12.2 Visegrád. Buildings in the area of the royal palace during
the Angevin period (map prepared by Orsolya Mészáros).
‘Topography of 14th Century Visegrád, the Royal Residential
Town of Hungary’, Archeologia Medievale (Cultura materiale,
Insediamenti, Territorio) 34 (2007), p. 189) 184
viii SEGREGATION – INTEGRATION – ASSIMILATION
12.3 Excavated remains of the royal palace and the Franciscan friary
at Visegrád. The superimposing features represent building
phases from the early fourteenth to the mid-sixteenth century
(Gergely Buzás) 186
12.4(a–d) Visegrád. Buildings in the royal palace area, a: first half of the
fourteenth century; b: middle of the fourteenth century; c: second
half of the fourteenth century; d: end of the fourteenth century
(Gergely Buzás) 188
12.5 Visegrád. The royal palace complex and the Franciscan friary in
the first half of the fifteenth century (Gergely Buzás) 191
12.6 Buda. Houses and wells from the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries unearthed in the western row of houses of the medieval
Jewish Street (to date Szt. György utca) (Zsuzsanna Kuczogi’s
drawing, in Végh 2006, Fig. 11, p. 146). 196
12.7 Buda castle district in the late Middle Ages. (Zsuzsanna
Kuczogi’s drawing, in Végh 2003, p. 28) 198
14.1 Beggars as representatives of urban ‘otherness’. Works of
Charity: Feeding the Poor (detail); wall painting, 1420/30,
Brixen (Bressanone, South Tyrol), cathedral, cloister arcade.
(Photo: Institut für Realienkunde, Krems) 237
14.2 Christ as the pauper to be fed. Works of Charity: Feeding the
Poor, represented by Christ; wall painting, end of the fourteenth
century, Levoča (Lőcse, Slovakia), parish church. (Photo: Institut
für Realienkunde, Krems) 238
14.3 Representatives of worldly and vain joys. St Vitus Abdicates
Vain, Worldly Joys (detail); panel painting, 1510/20, Kölderer-
workshop, Innsbruck (Tyrol), Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum.
(Photo: Institut für Realienkunde, Krems) 239
14.4 Burning the vanities. Bonfire of the Vanities at the occasion
of St John Capistrano’s sermon at Bamberg’s cathedral square
(detail); panel painting, c.1470, Bamberg, Staatsgalerie. (Photo:
Institut für Realienkunde, Krems) 240
14.5 Worldly joys leading to forgetfulness of gratitude towards God.
Hartmann Schedel, Weltchronik, German edition (Nuremberg,
1493; reprint Grünwald bei München: Konrad Kölbl, 1975), fol.
CCXVII. (Photo: Institut für Realienkunde, Krems) 241
14.6 The conjoined twins from Esslingen. Hartmann Schedel,
Weltchronik, German edition (Nuremberg, 1493; reprint
Grünwald bei München: Konrad Kölbl, 1975), fol. CCXVII.
(Photo: Institut für Realienkunde, Krems) 242
14.7 Heretics as representatives of ‘otherness’. Disputation
of St Dominic with the Heretics; panel painting, c.1490,
Klosterneuburg (Lower Austria), Stiftsgalerie. (Photo: Institut
für Realienkunde, Krems) 243
LIST OF FIGURES ix
14.8 The murderers of St Thiemo. Decapitation of St Thiemo
(detail); panel painting, ‘Meister der Heiligenmartyrien’, end of
the fifteenth century, Vienna, Österreichische Galerie. (Photo:
Institut für Realienkunde, Krems) 244
14.9 The ‘oriental’ murderers of St Thomas Becket. Decapitation of St
Thomas Becket (detail: the oriental murderers); panel painting,
Michael Pacher, 1460/65, Graz (Styria), Landesmuseum
Joanneum. (Photo: Institut für Realienkunde, Krems) 246
14.10 Landsknechts as murderers of St John the Baptist. Torturer of
St John the Baptist as Landsknecht: Decapitation of St John the
Baptist (detail); panel painting, 1520, Levoča (Lőcse, Slovakia),
parish church. (Photo: Institut für Realienkunde, Krems) 248