Sedimentary Geology PDF
Preview Sedimentary Geology
. • • \ /! I AnI ntrodutcot·s ieodni mentary Rockasn dS tratigraphy ThiErddi tion FredS chwab Washing&t oLne eU niversity W.H .F reemaann dC ompanyI N ewY ork Too urw ivesT,e resLae velalned C laudiAaa ronSsc hwabf,o r theiarm azinpga tienacned t olerance PublishJeers:s iFciao rillo SenioArc quisitEidointso Bri:lM li nick AssociEadtiet oHre:i dBia matter AssistEadnitt oCro:u rtnLeyyo ns EditorAisasli staTnuteT: r an AssociDaitree ctoofMr a rketiDnegb:b iCel are SenioMre diaa ndS upplemenEtdsi toArm:y Thorne SenioMre diaP roduceKre:rF io wler PhotEod itor: ChrBiusetsien e ArtD irectDoira:n Bal ume Covearn dT exDte signBelra:k Leo gan IllustrCaotoirodni naJtaonri:Dc oen nola ProjeEcdti toJre:n nifBeors sert IllustraNtoiromnN sa:s onF,i nLei nIel lustraPtaito ns, Linse ProductMiaonna gePra:u Wl. Rohloff CompositiPorno:g ressIinvfeo rmatTieocnh nologies PrintianngdB indinRgR: D onnelley LibraorfyC ongresCso ntrNoulm ber2:0 12951759 ISBN-1937:8 -1-4292-3155-8 ISBN-110-:4 292-3155-6 © 20142,0 041,9 96b yW .H .F reemaann dC ompany Allr ighrtess erved Printiendt heU niteSdt atoefsA merica Firsptr inti2n0g1 3 W.H .F reemaann dC ompany 41M adison Avenue New YorkN,Y 10010 HoundmillsB,a singstRoGk e2 16 XS,E ngland www.whfreeman.com CONTENTS PREFAC/E v AuthigeneRseicsr,y stallization, /128 andR eplacement /130 SEDIMENTARY PROACNEDSP SREOSD UCT/S1 DiageneHtiisct ories I 8 /135 1 /3 TerrestSreidailm entaErnyv ironments SedimentaRroyc ksA:n Introduction /136 AlluviFaaln s SedimentRaorcyk D escriptAi Coans:e Box8 .1 /3 DevoniaFna nglomerates Study /140 ofN orway SedimentRaorcyk I nterpretAa tCiaosne: /142 /7 BraidePdl uviSayls tems Study /144 /9 MeanderiPnlgu viSayls tems SedimentGaeroyl ogGyo:a ls Box8 .2 Sedimenatnsd S edimentRaorcyk s: TriasPsliucv iSaaln dstones MajoCra tegor/i9es ofS pai/n1 45 /1 2 Box8 .3 TheE arthS'esd imentSahreyl l PaleoceannedE ocene /150 2 /19 FloodplDaeipno siotfsW yoming Weatherianngd S oils I1 52 LacustrDienpeo sits PhysicWaela theriDnigs:i ntegrRaotcikn g Box8 .4 /20 The Eocene Green intCol asts /21 RiveFro rmatioofnt heR ocky ChemicaWle athering Reactions /154 /24 Mountains Weatheriinntg h eN aturWaolr ld I1 57 /26 EoliaDne posits Soilasn dP aleosols Box8 .5 JurassDuince so ft he 3 /33 ClastTirca nspoarntd F luiFdl ow NavajSoa ndstoUntea,h a nd /33 MassW asting /158 Arizona /34 FluiFdl owi,n T heorayn di nN ature /160 GlaciDaelp osits EntrainmeTnrta,n spoarntd,D eposition ofC latss I 3 6 9 CoastaEln vironmen/t1s6 9 SedimeGnrta viFtlyo wIs4 0 Delta/s1 69 4 SedimentaSrtyr uctu/r4e9s Box9 .1P ennsylvanDiealnt aosft he /175 I4 9 Appalachians PrimarSye dimentSatrryu ctures /178 Box4 .1 /54 PeritiEdnavli ronments PaleocurArneanlty sis /181 BarriCeorm plexes /59 SecondaSreyd imentSatrryu ctures Box9 .2 OrdoviciSahno relSienqeu ences II SILICICLSAESDTIIMCE NTS ofS outAhf ric/a1 87 ANDE NVIRONMEN/T6S9 10 ClastMiacr inaen dP elagic 5 /71 /195 Sandstonaensd C onglomerates Environments /71 I1 95 ConglomeraantdeB reccia Clatsi Sch elDfe posits I8 1 Sandstone ContinenStlaolpa en d /201 6 /105 RisSee diments M udrocks Box1 0.1 /106 TertiTaurryb idiotfte hse Texture /206 /106 Norhtern Apennines Composition /209 /110 PelagSiecd iments ClayM ineraloagnydP rovenance DepositiSoentatli /n1g1 1 Box1 0.C2r etaceSohuesl afn dP elagic Glaucon/it1e1 2 Deposiotfst heW esterInn terior Bentoni/t1e1 2 ofN ortAhm eric/a2 15 /114 Classification /115 Origiann dO ccurrence BIOGENCIHCE, MICAALN,DO THER III 7 /121 NONSILICICLSAESDTIIMCE NTRAORCYK S/ 223 SiliciclDaisatgiecn esis Compacti/o1n 22 11 CarbonaRtoec ks/ 225 /123 Cementation /225 TheI mportanocfLe i mestone /125 DiageneSttircu ctures iv CONTENTS CarbonaMtien erCahle mist/r2y2 7 Quantitative Biostratigraphy /376 CarbonaGteeo chemis/t2r2y9 17 GeophysiacnadlC hemostratigraphic ControolnsC arbonaDteep osit/i2o3n0 Correlat/i3o8n1 LimestoCnoem ponents WelLlo ggin/g3 81 andC lassific/a2t3i1o n SeismSitcr atigr/a3p8h6y LimestoDniea gene/s2i3s8 MagnetostratiIg4r 0a1p hy Dolomiatned D olomitiza/t2i4o2n ChemostratigIr4a 0p9h y 12 CarbonaEtnev ironme/n2t4s9 18 Geochronolaongdy PeritiEdnavli ronme/n2t5s1 Chronostrati/g4r1a9p hy SubtidSahle lCfa rbonat/e2s5 5 GeochronolIo4 g1y9 Box1 2.D1e vonian ShaMlalroiwn e Potassium-ADragtoinn /g4 24 Carbonatoefts h eH elderbeGrrgo up, Box1 8.B1r ackettihneAg g eo ft he New York/ 256 Silurian-DevBoonuinadna r/4y 2 6 Reefasn dB uildu/p2s6 3 Argon-ArgDoant inIg4 28 Box1 2.D2e voniaRne efosft he Rubidium-StroDnattiiunm/g4 31 CanninBga siAnu,s tra/l2i6a7 Uranium-LeDaatdi nIg4 32 SeculVaarr iatiinoC na rbonat/e2s7 2 Fission-TDraatciknI g4 33 13 OtheBri ogenSiecd imentRaorcyk /s2 77 Carbon-D1a4t in/g4 35 Cheratn dS iliceSoeudsi me/n2t7 7 OtheDra tinMge thodIs4 38 Phosphori/t2e7s9 ChronostratigI4r 3a8p hy Organic-RSiecdhi men/t2s8 2 Box1 8.T2h eK BST ufafn dt he Pitfaolf"l Asb solutDea"t in/g4 40 14 Chemicaanld N onepiclastic ConstructtihneGg e ologic SedimentRaorcyk /s2 97 TimeS calAen: E xamplfer omt he SolutiGoeno chemis/t2r9y7 Eocene-OligIo4c 4e5n e Iron-RSiecdhi mentRaorcyk /s3 00 Evapori/t3e0s4 19 SedimentRaorcyk isn S pacaen dT ime/ 455 NonepiclaSsetdiicm entRaorcyk /s3 11 BasiAnn alysIi4 s5 5 StratigrDaipahgirca masn dM aps/ 4 57 IV STRATIGRA/P3H2Y3 Box1 9.B1a siAnn alysoifts h eR idge BasiCna,l iforIn4 i5a9 15 Lithostrati/g3r2a5p hy TectonaincdsS edimenta/t4 i6o9n Fades /326 SedimentaitniO orno genBiecl tTsh:e C lassic A Frameworfko rA ccumulat/i3o3n1 GeosynclIinntaelr pretIa4 t7i2o n Gapsi nt heR ecor/d3 33 SeculCahra ngeisnt heS edimentary Correlat/i3o4n0 Recor/d4 86 TimeC orrelat/i3o4n2 APPENDIIX4 E93S TheN aturoef t heC ontr/o3l4 5 GeologicIanlsltya ntanEevoeunst/ s3 52 A NortAhm ericaSnt ratigraCopdhei c TimeT,i me-Rocakn,dR ock Un/i3t5s4 (198/34)9 5 TheS tratigrCaopdhei/ c3 56 B GeologTiicm eS calIe5s 3 5 Box1 5.M1e asurianngd D escribing GLOSSAIR5 4Y0 Stratigraphic /S3e5c8t ions BIBLIOGRIA5 P5H2 Y 16 Biostratig/r3a6p5h y INDE/X5 74 ControllFiancgt oErvso:l utiaonnd Paleoecol/o3g6y6 BiostratigZroanpahtiico n /367 Box1 6.T1 he" GoldeSnp ikea"tt he Silurian-DevBoonuinadna r/y3 72 TheT imeS ignificoafBn icoes tratigraphic Event/s3 74 IndeFxo ssi/l3s7 5 NortAhm ericaLna ndM ammal" Ages" andB iochronol/o3g75y PREFACE Tot heI nstructor reflecotusr e xperiewnicteh u ndergraduraetaed ers andt hep referenocfie nss tructFoorres x.a mplteh,e re OVERT HEP ASTT HREED ECADEWSE, havei ntroduced isl ittdleet aildeids cussoifoh no w rocka ndm ineral many talentuendd ergradusattued enttoss edimen componentcsa nb e discriminaotpetdi calTlhyi.s targye ologiyn:t hec lassroionmt ,h el aborataonrdy , wouldr equitroeom uchs pacaen dt imea,n di sp rob int hefi eldT.h ef irasntd s econedd itioonfts h ibso ok ablym orea dequateplrye sentienpd u blishmeadn u werea direcotu tgrowotfho ure arlieexrp eriences, alss electbeyd t hei ndividiunaslt rucWteo rr.e cog andt hitsh iredd itibouni ldosn t hes tronsgu cceosfs nizet hatm ostf aculptrye fetro d esigtnh eiorw n thoseea rlieedri tioTnhsi.s tiesxw tr itteesnp ecially laboratoarnidef si eltdr ipisno rdetro b escta pitalize foru ndergraduaatnedis s d esignesdp ecificfaolrl y on theiorw n locagle ologayn dt heipre rsonpaals usei na firscto ursien b oths edimentraorcyk asn d sionasn de xpertiWsee a.l shoa ven otc overetdoa ny stratigraWpeh eym.p hasizgee neraplr inciptlheast substantdieaglr eteo piclsi kwee ll-loggainndsg u b studentnse edt o masterW.e intentionaavloliyd surfaacnea lysis. Undergcraandb ueattteeascr q uire overwhelmisntgu denwtist hd etaielxsc,e ptioonrs , thessep ecialiszkeidlo lns t hej obe,s peciailftl hye ir overlsyp ecialiezxeadm pleCso.v eragies d eliber understandoifns ge dimentagreyo logrye stosn a atelwye ighteidnf avoorf t hev arietoifes se dimen stronsgo libda se. taryr ockssu cha sc onglomerastaen,d stonmeu,d Then ucleufso rt heb ooki sP rother1o9'9s0 t ext rockl,i mestoanned,d olostotnhea mta keu p 99%o f bookI nterpretthieSn tgr atigrRaepchoircMd o.s to ft he thes edimentarroyc kc olumnT.h erei sa general chaptefrrso mt habto okw eres ubstantially modified, summaryo fa queougse ochemisbtercya usae c lear updateadn,d s hortenSecdh.w aba ddedn ew chap understandiwnega tohfe rianngdc hemicsaeld imen tertsh aetm phasiztehdes edimentraorcyrk e coredx tation reqiutSi.ir meisl arplryi,n cipolfef sl uimde presslfyo ra comprehensviovleu met hatw ould chanicarse c overesdo t haste dimentasrtyr uctures, covebro ths tratigraanpdhs ye dimentarroyc ksW.e sedimenetn trainmeanntds, e dimendte positciaonn havew orkedt ogethhearr moniouasnldyd iligently bea dequateulnyd erstoNoodt.e verdye taainld n u ino rdetro b lenodu rw ritisntgly esS.t ylaep,p roach, anceo ft hes tratigracpohdieic s d iscussbeudt,a andp edagogayr ew,e hopec,o hesiavned u niform. readionfgt het exwti lplr ovidset udenwtist ha good Thist hiredd itioofnS edimentGaeroyl obguyi ldosn graspo ft her elatisvter engtahnsd w eaknessoefs thes trengtohfts h ef irasntd s econdi:ti si ntention variomuest hodosf d atinagn dc orrelation. allbya lanceydet,c urreAnnty.s ucceesasr nebdy t his We belietvhea tth inse we ditiiosan s ignificiamnt texdte servebdellyo ngtsot hem anyb righwte,l l-mo provemeonvte rt hef irasntd s econedd itioTnhso.s e tivatsetdu denwthso overt hey earsw eren evesrh y editioennsj oyerde markabsluec cespse,r hapbse aboulte ttiunskg n oww hatw orksa ndw hatd oesn't. causteh eys of ortunataenldyc orrecttalryg ettehde Finallwey ,h opet hitse xcto nvesy tot hes tudents marketW.h y ist hiesd itiboent teFri?r sotf a lla, who reada,n dw e hopee,n jojyu,s hto w fascinating numbero fu serksi ndlsye nuts v ariosuusg gestions thew orlodf s edimentraorcyk csa nb e. abouwth atn eedeidm provemecnutl,l ionrge ,x pan sionT.h eo ccasioinmaplr eciswiaosne liminatWeed . Tot heS tudent expandecdo veraignes omea reassu,c ha sp etroleum geologayn dc hemostratigrapthryi.et dod W oea bet We revisetdh itse xtbotookh elpy ou understand terj obo fu nderstandainndgi nterpretthiens ge di theE arth'sse dimentarroyc kr ecorTdh.e book's mentarryo ckr ecoridn t hec onteoxfta nE artthh at tonei si ntentioncaolnlvye rsatiaonnda,wl e hope, hase volved through time. reader-frieTnhdilsny e.w editioinn corporaat es SedimentGaeroyl oagsys umeosn lya single-coursneu mbero fs uggestions thata nrde uasdeerrossf backgrouinndi ntroductgoeroyl ogAyd.d itioneaxl thefi rsatn ds econedd itiosnesno tu rw ay.A number posurteo h istorgiecoall ogmyi,n eraloagnyd,p etrolofr elativmeilnyo re rrortsh aatp peareidnt hes ec ogyi sh elpfbuultn otc ruciWael r.e vieowr i ntroduceo nde ditihoanv eb eene liminatWeed'.v ee xpanded relevacnotn cepftrso mt hesfei eldassw, e lla sf rom coveragien a few areaisn responsteo readers' physiccsh,e mistarnyd,s tatisTthiecl se.v eolf d etail demands. v vi PREFACE Fore xamplteh,e ries f arb ettceorv eraogfep etro aqueougse ochemisftlruyi,fd l owa,n da knowledge leumg eologayn dc hemostratigar baipmtho yr,e e m oft het emporaanld s patidails tribuotfis otnr atified phasiosn t imeltyo piscusc ha sg lacisaeld imentationr,o cksp,r ecisetlhyea reawsi thw hichs edimentary ther oloef m eteoriitmep actosn sedimentatainodn , geologiasrtems o stf amiliar. thel ong-tesremc ulgarre enhouasned icehosutsaet es ofo ure volvipnlga net. 3.S edimenatnsadtt riaotni cgornacpihfsyle:en xeisbsi,l We'vea lspou tt ogethae rre asonabcloym prehen itayn,ad d aptaTbhiisbl oioktc yom.p rehensicvoevly sivgel ossaorfyk eyt ermfsr omt het extN.om encla erst wop rincifpiaell odfss edimentgaeroyl ogsye:d i turaen dj argotnyp icalgleyto uto fh andi na nys ci mentarpye troloagnyd stratigraSpehdyi.m entary entifdiics ciplainndea , c oncibsuet c omprehensivep etrolodgeya lpsr imariwliyt h propeorfts ieedsi glossasreye medt heb eswta y tok eept hec omplex mentarryo cks( composititoenx,t ursee,d imentary terminoloofgo yu rf ielidnp erspective. structurtehse)i,cr l assificaantdi onno,m enclature. Ina dditiwoen',v peu tt ogethae lri sotfi nterestinSgt ratigrdaepfhiyn aensd d escribneast urbaold ieosf web siterse levatnott hes tudoyf s edimentgaeroyl rock( mainlbyu,tn ote xclusivseeldyi mentraorcyk s). ogya tt hee ndo fm ostc hapters. Sedimentpaertyr ologfiosctupssa rticuloanrh loyw a We wouldl ikteo s harwei thy ou ther easownes be rocfko rmsw,h ati ti sd erivferdo ma,n dh ow them a came" sofrto ckg"e ologiasntdst hacto mpelluesd teriwaals t ransporftreodmt hes ourcaen dd eposited firtsotw ritaen,d t herne writthei,ts e xt. ina particusleatrt i(nsgu cahs a deltaal,l uvifaaln , submarifnaen )S.t ratigraaprheeo rbss essbeydq ues 1.S edimegnetoalrioyspg ryo btahbmelo ysp tr actitciaolnos fr ocakg ef,o sscioln tenpto,s itiionan succes anvda lucaobulirents heue n dergrgaedoulcaoutgreyr icsuiona,n dc orrelatiinto inm ea nds paceC.u rricular lumWe. l ivoen a planewth oses urfaicsed ominated modificatoifot nhsep asdte cadoer s oh aven ecessar by sedimenatn ds edimentarroyc ksG.e ologisrtes, iltyr immetdh eu ndergraduate cmaalrekneddalrAy . gardleosfsi ntereosrot b jectiwviel,il n variaebnly full-tseerpma ractoeu rsiens edimentatfioolnl,o wed counttehr eE arths'esd imentsahreyl Oln.e o ft heu l bya seconfdu ll-tceorumr sien s tratigraaprheny o, timatgeo alosf g eologiyst od eciphtehre t errestriallo ngevri abloep tioinnsm anyc aseWsh.i lteh ibso ok rockr ecorWdh.i lieg neourso ckasn dm etamorphic cane asisleyr vaes a texfto rs ucha two-tecrlma ssical rockasr eh istori"csanla pshottsh,e"yr ecorodn ly approaciht,h asb eeni ntentiondaelsliyg neads a briesfh,o rt-leipviesdo diensE arthh'iss toIrtyi .st he solibda sef ora singcloeu rsmeu,l ti-objefcotrimvaet . sedimentraroyc kr ecortdh aatc tass a na lmoscto n tinuoumso viefi lmo ft hahti stoTrhye.s tratirfeied 4.S edimernotcfakarssy:c inianttirnigag,nufu din n!g , cordp rovidae rsa tionaallm,o scto mplete documenWe authorasr et het rullyu ckoyn esW.e 'vef ounda tarrye corodfo urp laneth'iss tory. subjeacrte tah aits b othc hallengainndgf una,n dt his bookg iveuss a marvelooupsp ortuntiots yh aroeu r 2.A backgrionsu enddi megnetoaliroseyg s ys efnotri aelxc itemewnitt hy ou,t ot empty ou toc omea long mosjto bisng eolMoogsytj .o bsi ng eologrye quire withu sa ndf urther extphliofsra es cinatairnegao f somef amiliawriitthyt heE arths'esd imentarroyc k geologWye. a rer ewardemdo netarfiolrdy o insgo me recorTdh.i sw asm oreo bviouisnt hem iddlteo l ater thinwge wellm ightd of orf reei-fw e couladf ford twentiectehn turwyh,e nt hee nergbyu sinetsrsa di it-becauiste' sso e ntertaitnoiu nsg.U ntrainoebd tionalelmyp loyedt woo uto ft hregee ologiTshtast. servelroso kiantga ledgoef s andstosneees implayn figuhraes n ow beenr educetdoo nlyo neo uto ft hree ordinary Ar otcrka.i nseed dimentagreyo logiosnt , geologibsuttsi ,ti sa st ruaes e vetrh acto alo,i ln,a tu theo thehra nds,e eas fascinating golfai nmcpiseen t ralg as,a nd nucleafru elasr eh ousedi ns tratifiehdi stoAr yh.u ngryc,a rnivordoiunso sasucrr ambling rockTsh.e n ewerr,a pidelxyp lodianrge aosf e mploy up theb ankso fa meanderirnigv efro rmeads p eri menti ne nvironmengteaoll ogayr ep rimari"lsyo ft odicf lasfhl ooddse positaendd g rainesr odefdr om 20 rockb"a sedA. g oodt hirodf a lgle ologitsotdsa ayr e loftgyr,a nitmiocu ntaipne aks kilometetrots h e environmengteaoll ogiTshtesy.s eekw ateri ns edi eastL.i kewisae s,i mplbel ocokf l imestoinnae s laobf mentarryo cktsh,e y'prree occupwiietdhc leaniunpg buildisntgo ne cotmoel si fient he mionfda carbon aiar ndw atepro llutitohne,fy i ghttor emediate damates edimentgaeroyl ogicsotn,j uriunpg t hei mageo f ageds iteWsh.a ta reaosf s peciaklntoyw ledge araen a ncietnrto piclaalg oon fillebdi zawriertxeht ,i nct importatnott hee nvironmenstcaile nceCser?t ainlym arinpel antasn da nimalAsn.d fromt heb lufbfosr - PREFACE vii derintgh eG randC anyonw,h eret hec asuatlo urist FredS chwab'wso rko n thivso lumeh onortsh e seesa photogensitca cokf c olorredo ckb andst,h e thresee dimentagreoyl ogiwshtos m osti nfluenced skillsetdr atigrsaepehaser r e corodft hea ncieEnatr th him professio.n Baolbl Ryeynoldosf Dartmouth thaptr esenatnis n triguing chtaodl elceinpghee r. Collegfei risntt roducheidm t os edimentraorcyk s. Bob Dotto ft heU niversoiftW yi sconssihno wed himh ow muchf uni tc anb et os tudtyh emi nt he Acknowledgments fieladn d thec lassrooRma.y Sieveorf Harvard We thanRka yI ngersoDlelw,e yM ooreR,a yS iever, Univeirts,y by examples,t eerehdi m to a career andD on Woodrow for revsiuebwsitnagn tpioarl largedleyv otetdo u nderstandtihnegsf ea scinating tionosf t hem anuscriopftt hef irst edFiotrir oen. deposiStcsh.w aba lstoh ankJso hnD .W ilsoPnr,e si viewintgh es econadn d thiredd itiownes ,t hank dentE meritoufsW ashingt&o nL eeU niveirts,ya nd R6nadhC ox,W illiamCso llegKe.; SianD avies Ed Spencehri,sd epartmecnhta irmafno rt hep ast VolluUm,n iversoiftW ya shingt-oTnac omaC;a roBl. thredee cadetsh,e t woc olleagmuoesst r esponsible de Wet,F rankl&i nM arshaCloll legZeo;r anK ili forn urturiannag c ademsiect tiinnwg h icht eaching, bardaI,n dianUan iversiNtoyr thwesDta;v idN . researcahn,d writinmgu tuallflyo urisHhe. also LumsdenT,h eU niversoiftM ye mphisF;r edR ead, thankhsi sf ourf avoriftiee lads sista(natnsdk ids), VirginiPao lytechInnisct itauntdeS tatUen iversityK;i mber,lB yryanJ,e ff,ra enydJ onathfano,rc ontinued RaymondR ogerMsa,c alesCtoelrl egBer;u cMe. Si suppoarntd e ncouragemdeunrti ntgh eseef forts. monsonO,b erlCionl legMea;r kA .W ilsonT,h eC ol Oure ditoBrisl,Ml i nicakn dH eidBia mattweerr,e a legoef W oosteWre. t hanakl tlh er eviewearcsk nowl constainnts piraitnib orni ngitnhgi psr ojetcotc om edgeid nI nterprtehtSeit nrga tigrRaepchoirmcdu ;c ho f pletioMna.n y othepre oplaet W . H.F reemaann d what wlee arnferdo mt hemi nfluenctehden ewp arts Companyh avec ontribugtreeda ttloyt hibso okJ:e n oft hibso oka sw ella st heo ldW.e also thank tnhief eBro sserptr,o jeecdti toBrl;a kLeo gand,e signer; manyc olleagwuheos a rea cknowledgientd h ec ap ChristBiunees ep,h oteod itoJra;n iDcoe nnolial,l us tionfso rt heg enerouusse o ft heiprh otograpChlsi.f traticoono rdinaatnodr ;P aulR ohlofpfr,o duction fordP rothearlos hoe lpebdy printimnagn yo ft he manager. photograupshesdi nt hibso ok.
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