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FOO:' SECURITY. NUTATION AND Pe v^RT'f ALLEVIATION IN ETHIOPIA Problems and Prospect Iwiluid of Ajjricrilitra! a r r h A<'dib A-fe{>a . jceedin^s jf the -tuji ^ d Firsi \inuj>! • lii :n • the Agricultu j«>no i*.c« Society of F.thio ia 8-9 J;.ne 1995. id is A *ai>a, t'hiopia Edited bv M l ‘at Demeke W, 'ia'' ^Tihr Siireon E^>.»i i' sfaye Zegeye Aoricul; jral Economics Society cf Ethiopia J 3 ? i t AIt FOOD SECURITY, NUTRITION AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN ETHIOPIA Problems and Prospects Proceedings of the Inaugural and First Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society of Ethiopia 8-9 June 1995, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Edited by Mulat Demeke Wolday Amha Simeon Ehui Tesfaye Zegeye if Agricultural Economics Society of Ethiopia Agricultural Eqpnc i!% of Ethiopia The Agricultural Economics, Ethiopia (AJESE) is a non profit making professional society estab] f its Objective is to contribute to the Development of Ethiopian Ag|p$ Joioting research in agricultural economics and by disseminating idipg. In addition the Society provides the fora for the discussicjn d| >f agricultural development. The founding members of th^soeie| I Debebe Habtewold ;e Aredo Gezahegne Ayele Dbmeke Yakob Like ieyene Bekele Tilahun ichael Fissehaye Tilahun Fekade lesdhin Belay Itana Ayana Tesfaye Zegeye Elected members of the exec\|tive aittee of AESE for the 1995/96- 1996-1997 term are:- Tesfaye Zegeye President Solomon Bellete Vie| Pres: d Debebe Habtewold ySC^K!ta^k| Yeshi Ghiehe JfAccil nilfuit Itana Ayana Treasurer Legesse Dadi Auditor Mulat Demeke Chief Edito Wolday Amha M m Simeon Ehui Hailu Beyene Member Published in 1995 by the Agricultural Economics Society of! Ethiopia ; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia [ ' i 'I TABLE OF CONTENTS page PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi ABBREVIATIONS Vll FOOD SECURITY: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND SITUATION ANALYSIS Food Security: A Brief Review of Concepts and Indicators 1 Debebe Habte Wold Food Security: A Situation Analysis 19 Tesfaye Zegeye and Debebe H/wold AGRICULTURAL POLICY, PRODUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Perspectives on Agricultural Policy, Rural Poverty, and Food Insecurity in Ethiopia 37 Si say Asefa Farming Systems and Household Food Security Strategies in the Face of Production Constraints: A Case Study in North Omo Region 53 Solomon Bellete Indigenous Risk Management Strategies of Small Farms in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia 85 Tilahun Mulatu Technology Development and Transfer in Ethiopian Agriculture: An Empirical Evidence 109 Mulugetta Mekuria Livestock and Food Security in Ethiopia: An Overview 131 Mohammed Mussa ill AGRICULTURAL MAJE^KE1 CM FOOD SECURITY PERSPE Agricultural Marketing Policies and F< ity in Ethiopia 153 ''S' Gezahegn Kebede Reducing Uncertainty in Grain Mafrkei ai Public Information System and Transparency eckpoints ’ 175 Patric Diskin and Daniel Mo, Ethiopia’s Market Liberalization in A, Consequences and Responses 187 Wolday Amha DIMENSION OF POVERTY ON IN ETHIOPIA T The Dimensions of Poverty in Ethiopifc: Son! E&ipirical Evidences 213 Hadgu Bariagaber Dimensions of Rural Poverty in Ethiopia: Some. Preliminary Observations * 241 Itana Ayana Food Supply, Nutrition and Mortalityfin Ethj|pia: An Overview 259 John Mackxnnon f: Food Aid in Ethiopia: Trends and Possible ii&act 285 Getinet Astatike ! Seasonal and Exceptional Food Shortages, Thlir Causes and Socio-Economic Consequences: A Ca|e Stud|fof Wolaita District in Southern Ethiopia 303 Dagnew Eshete } Conference Recommendations 337 Annex f 339 IV •’ PREFACE It is estimated that over 60 percent of the population (about 27 million) are food insecure Or live below the absolute poverty line in Ethiopia. About 13 million people in the rural areas and 4 million in the urban areas are chronically poor. Another 3 million are among the transitory poor and millions of people are affected by drought each year. The poor rural usually suffer a loss of income when agricultural production is reduced or disrupted owing to unusual weather. Thus food security can be provided to an individual either by increasing real income or by decreasing the price at which adequate food is made available. Agricultural development must play an important role in alleviating poverty, hunger and food insecurity. One has to recognize that to deal with food insecurity and malnutrition is to deal with poverty and under-development. The title of this proceeding was the theme for the First Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society of Ethiopia (AESE) and it would have been difficult to have chosen a more appropriate theme. The appropriateness of the theme attracted a number of participants. Many became involved in the vigorous discussions which followed most presentations. This proceeding makes available all the major papers presented at the conference. The papers cover four major themes: Part I Conceptual framework, Part II Agricultural policy, production and technology development, Part III Agricultural marketing from food security perspective and Part IV Dimension of poverty and nutrition in Ethiopia We hope that this volume will provide direct input to the ongoing policy formulation effort of the newly established Federal Government of Ethiopia, while simultaneously adding fresh insights into future research agenda. Mulat Demeke Wolday Amha Simeon Ehui Tesfaye Zegeye v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The cost of the conference and this publication, the purchase of office equipment was covered through the donations made by USAID/Ethiopia. The Agricultural Economics Society of Ethiopia (AESE) would like to express its heart-felt gratitude to USAID/Ethiopia for the generous financial support. Special thanks are also due to the Institution of Agricultural Research (IAR) for the material, technical, moral and physical support. The Society indebted to the Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission for it financial contribution and for facilitating the formal legalization of the Society Special gratitude is expressed to the Netherlands Embassy for their financial and material support. Last but least, the Society would like to thank Samson Dejene and Gizechew Woldeyes for assisting in the finalization of the manuscript. ABBREVIATIONS AAU Addis Ababa Unitersi ADB Agricultural Develop ADD Agricultural Develop ADD Agricultural Develop: ADLI Agriculture Develop .stzjjalization AIDB Agricultural and kid AMC Agricultural Mar^eti AUA Alemay a University of BMR Basal Metabolic CADR Chilalo Agricultural J^vejo unit CIMMYT International Whefct search Centre CPSC Central Planning Sup CRS Catholic relief Servic CSA Central Statistical Au CV Coefficient of Variation ECA Economic ComniissiOiR for EDDC Ethiopian Domestic gency EGA Ethiopian Grain ^g EGTE Ethiopian Grain ENI Ethiopian Nutrition EPRDF Ethiopian People Re ’Democratic Front EPTP Economic Policy'of Period FAO Food and Agricultur; On FI Food Insecure FNU Food and Nutrition tjnit FSSR Food Self-Sufficienc^ Rate GDP Gross Domestic Prodiict gm gram j: GM Gross Margin !: GOE Government of Ethiopia bd head | HDI Human and Development Intjx HHS Households • HYVs High Yielding Variables HYVs High Yielding Varieties IAR Institute of Agriculftpal lARCs International Agric. Res ters ICRISAT International Crop r| s -©iitre for Semi Arid Tro IDR Institute of sh IDS Institute of Development Studies IFAD International Food and Agricultural Devt. IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IGADD Inter Governmental Authorities for Drought and Development ILCA International Livestock centre for Africa ILO International Labour Organization ILRI International Livestock Research Institute IMR Infant Mortality Rate Kcal Kilo calorie Kg Kilo gram LP Linear Programming masl meters above sea level MIS Market Information System MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOPED Ministry of Planning and Economic Development MVP Marginal Value Product NARS National Agricultural Research System NBE National Bank of Ethiopia NE North East NGO Non Governmental Organization NRDC National Revolutionary Development campaign ONCCP Office of the National Committee for Central Planning PAs Peasant Associations PCI Per Capita Income PCs Producers Cooperations RDA Recommended Daily Allowance RELC Research Extension Linkage Committee RRA Rapid Rural Appraisal RRC Relief and Rehabilitation Commission SADC South Africa Development Cooperation SCS Service Cooperative SIDA Swedish International Development Agency SSA Sub-Sharan Africa TGE Transitional Government of Ethiopia UNDP United Nations Development Programme USAID United States Aid for International Development WADU Wolaita Agricultural Development WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization

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FOO:' SECURITY. NUTATION. AND. Pe v^RT'f ALLEVIATION. IN ETHIOPIA. Problems and Prospect. Iwiluid of Ajjricrilitra! a r r h. A
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