' SECURITY. NUTATION AND Pe v^RT'f ALLEVIATION IN ETHIOPIA

345 Pages·2017·12.24 MB·English

FOO:' SECURITY. NUTATION
AND
Pe v^RT'f ALLEVIATION
IN ETHIOPIA
Problems and Prospect
Iwiluid of Ajjricrilitra!
a r r h
A<'dib A-fe{>a
. jceedin^s jf the -tuji ^
d Firsi \inuj>! • lii :n
• the Agricultu j«>no i*.c«
Society of F.thio ia
8-9 J;.ne 1995. id is A *ai>a, t'hiopia
Edited bv
M l ‘at Demeke
W, 'ia'' ^Tihr
Siireon E^>.»i
i' sfaye Zegeye
Aoricul; jral Economics Society cf Ethiopia
J 3 ?
i t
AIt
FOOD SECURITY, NUTRITION
AND
POVERTY ALLEVIATION
IN ETHIOPIA
Problems and Prospects
Proceedings of the Inaugural
and First Annual Conference
of the Agricultural Economics
Society of Ethiopia
8-9 June 1995, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Edited by
Mulat Demeke
Wolday Amha
Simeon Ehui
Tesfaye Zegeye
if
Agricultural Economics Society of Ethiopia
Agricultural Eqpnc i!% of Ethiopia
The Agricultural Economics, Ethiopia (AJESE) is a non profit
making professional society estab] f its Objective is to contribute to
the Development of Ethiopian Ag|p$ Joioting research in agricultural
economics and by disseminating idipg. In addition the Society
provides the fora for the discussicjn d| >f agricultural development.
The founding members of th^soeie|
I
Debebe Habtewold ;e Aredo
Gezahegne Ayele Dbmeke
Yakob Like ieyene
Bekele Tilahun ichael Fissehaye
Tilahun Fekade lesdhin Belay
Itana Ayana
Tesfaye Zegeye
Elected members of the exec\|tive aittee of AESE for the 1995/96-
1996-1997 term are:-
Tesfaye Zegeye President
Solomon Bellete Vie| Pres: d
Debebe Habtewold ySC^K!ta^k|
Yeshi Ghiehe JfAccil nilfuit
Itana Ayana Treasurer
Legesse Dadi Auditor
Mulat Demeke Chief Edito
Wolday Amha M m
Simeon Ehui
Hailu Beyene Member
Published in 1995 by the
Agricultural Economics Society of! Ethiopia ;
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia [ '
i
'I
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi
ABBREVIATIONS Vll
FOOD SECURITY: CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK AND SITUATION ANALYSIS
Food Security: A Brief Review of Concepts and Indicators 1
Debebe Habte Wold
Food Security: A Situation Analysis 19
Tesfaye Zegeye and Debebe H/wold
AGRICULTURAL POLICY, PRODUCTION AND
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
Perspectives on Agricultural Policy, Rural Poverty, and
Food Insecurity in Ethiopia 37
Si say Asefa
Farming Systems and Household Food Security Strategies
in the Face of Production Constraints: A Case
Study in North Omo Region 53
Solomon Bellete
Indigenous Risk Management Strategies of Small Farms in
the Rift Valley of Ethiopia 85
Tilahun Mulatu
Technology Development and Transfer in Ethiopian
Agriculture: An Empirical Evidence 109
Mulugetta Mekuria
Livestock and Food Security in Ethiopia: An Overview 131
Mohammed Mussa
ill
AGRICULTURAL MAJE^KE1 CM FOOD
SECURITY PERSPE
Agricultural Marketing Policies and F< ity in Ethiopia 153
''S'
Gezahegn Kebede
Reducing Uncertainty in Grain Mafrkei ai Public
Information System and Transparency eckpoints ’ 175
Patric Diskin and Daniel Mo,
Ethiopia’s Market Liberalization in A, Consequences
and Responses 187
Wolday Amha
DIMENSION OF POVERTY ON IN
ETHIOPIA T
The Dimensions of Poverty in Ethiopifc: Son! E&ipirical
Evidences 213
Hadgu Bariagaber
Dimensions of Rural Poverty in Ethiopia: Some. Preliminary
Observations * 241
Itana Ayana
Food Supply, Nutrition and Mortalityfin Ethj|pia: An Overview 259
John Mackxnnon f:
Food Aid in Ethiopia: Trends and Possible ii&act 285
Getinet Astatike !
Seasonal and Exceptional Food Shortages, Thlir Causes and
Socio-Economic Consequences: A Ca|e Stud|fof Wolaita
District in Southern Ethiopia 303
Dagnew Eshete }
Conference Recommendations 337
Annex f 339
IV •’
PREFACE
It is estimated that over 60 percent of the population (about 27 million)
are food insecure Or live below the absolute poverty line in Ethiopia. About 13
million people in the rural areas and 4 million in the urban areas are chronically
poor. Another 3 million are among the transitory poor and millions of people are
affected by drought each year.
The poor rural usually suffer a loss of income when agricultural
production is reduced or disrupted owing to unusual weather. Thus food security
can be provided to an individual either by increasing real income or by decreasing
the price at which adequate food is made available. Agricultural development must
play an important role in alleviating poverty, hunger and food insecurity. One has
to recognize that to deal with food insecurity and malnutrition is to deal with
poverty and under-development. The title of this proceeding was the theme for the
First Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society of Ethiopia (AESE) and
it would have been difficult to have chosen a more appropriate theme. The
appropriateness of the theme attracted a number of participants. Many became
involved in the vigorous discussions which followed most presentations.
This proceeding makes available all the major papers presented at the
conference. The papers cover four major themes:
Part I Conceptual framework,
Part II Agricultural policy, production and technology
development,
Part III Agricultural marketing from food security perspective
and
Part IV Dimension of poverty and nutrition in Ethiopia
We hope that this volume will provide direct input to the ongoing policy
formulation effort of the newly established Federal Government of Ethiopia, while
simultaneously adding fresh insights into future research agenda.
Mulat Demeke
Wolday Amha
Simeon Ehui
Tesfaye Zegeye
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The cost of the conference and this publication, the purchase of office
equipment was covered through the donations made by USAID/Ethiopia. The
Agricultural Economics Society of Ethiopia (AESE) would like to express its
heart-felt gratitude to USAID/Ethiopia for the generous financial support. Special
thanks are also due to the Institution of Agricultural Research (IAR) for the
material, technical, moral and physical support. The Society indebted to the
Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission for it financial contribution and
for facilitating the formal legalization of the Society Special gratitude is expressed
to the Netherlands Embassy for their financial and material support. Last but least,
the Society would like to thank Samson Dejene and Gizechew Woldeyes for
assisting in the finalization of the manuscript.
ABBREVIATIONS
AAU Addis Ababa Unitersi
ADB Agricultural Develop
ADD Agricultural Develop
ADD Agricultural Develop:
ADLI Agriculture Develop .stzjjalization
AIDB Agricultural and kid
AMC Agricultural Mar^eti
AUA Alemay a University of
BMR Basal Metabolic
CADR Chilalo Agricultural J^vejo unit
CIMMYT International Whefct search Centre
CPSC Central Planning Sup
CRS Catholic relief Servic
CSA Central Statistical Au
CV Coefficient of Variation
ECA Economic ComniissiOiR for
EDDC Ethiopian Domestic gency
EGA Ethiopian Grain ^g
EGTE Ethiopian Grain
ENI Ethiopian Nutrition
EPRDF Ethiopian People Re ’Democratic Front
EPTP Economic Policy'of Period
FAO Food and Agricultur; On
FI Food Insecure
FNU Food and Nutrition tjnit
FSSR Food Self-Sufficienc^ Rate
GDP Gross Domestic Prodiict
gm gram j:
GM Gross Margin !:
GOE Government of Ethiopia
bd head |
HDI Human and Development Intjx
HHS Households •
HYVs High Yielding Variables
HYVs High Yielding Varieties
IAR Institute of Agriculftpal
lARCs International Agric. Res ters
ICRISAT International Crop r| s -©iitre for Semi Arid Tro
IDR Institute of sh
IDS Institute of Development Studies
IFAD International Food and Agricultural Devt.
IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute
IGADD Inter Governmental Authorities for Drought and Development
ILCA International Livestock centre for Africa
ILO International Labour Organization
ILRI International Livestock Research Institute
IMR Infant Mortality Rate
Kcal Kilo calorie
Kg Kilo gram
LP Linear Programming
masl meters above sea level
MIS Market Information System
MOA Ministry of Agriculture
MOPED Ministry of Planning and Economic Development
MVP Marginal Value Product
NARS National Agricultural Research System
NBE National Bank of Ethiopia
NE North East
NGO Non Governmental Organization
NRDC National Revolutionary Development campaign
ONCCP Office of the National Committee for Central Planning
PAs Peasant Associations
PCI Per Capita Income
PCs Producers Cooperations
RDA Recommended Daily Allowance
RELC Research Extension Linkage Committee
RRA Rapid Rural Appraisal
RRC Relief and Rehabilitation Commission
SADC South Africa Development Cooperation
SCS Service Cooperative
SIDA Swedish International Development Agency
SSA Sub-Sharan Africa
TGE Transitional Government of Ethiopia
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
USAID United States Aid for International Development
WADU Wolaita Agricultural Development
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization