Securing Human Rights?: Achievements and Challenges of the UN Security Council PDF
Preview Securing Human Rights?: Achievements and Challenges of the UN Security Council
The Collected Courses of the Academy of European Law Series Editors: Professor Marise Cremona, Professor Bruno de Witte, and Professor Francesco Francioni, European University Institute, Florence Assistant Editor: Anny Bremner, European University Institute, Florence VOLUME XX/1 Securing Human Rights? The Collected Courses of the Academy of European Law Edited by Professor Marise Cremona, Professor Bruno de Witte, and Professor Francesco Francioni Assistant Editor: Anny Bremner ThisseriesbringstogethertheCollectedCoursesofthe AcademyofEuropeanLawinFlorence.TheAcademy’smissionisto producescholarlyanalyseswhichareatthecuttingedgeofthetwo fieldsinwhichitworks:EuropeanUnionlawandhumanrightslaw. A‘generalcourse’isgiveneachyearineachfield,bya distinguishedscholarand/orpractitioner,whoeitherexaminesthe fieldasawholethroughaparticularthematic,conceptual,or philosophicallens,orwholooksataparticularthemeinthecontext oftheoverallbodyoflawinthefield.TheAcademyalsopublishes eachyearavolumeofcollectedessayswithaspecificthemeineach ofthetwofields. Securing Human Rights? Achievements and Challenges of the UN Security Council EDITED BY BARDO FASSBENDER 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork #TheSeveralContributors2011 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) CrowncopyrightmaterialisreproducedunderClassLicence NumberC01P0000148withthepermissionofOPSI andtheQueen’sPrinterforScotland Firstpublished2011 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Securinghumanrights:achievementsandchallengesoftheUNSecurity Council/BardoFassbender(ed.). p. cm. ISBN978–0–19–964149–9 1. UnitedNations.SecurityCouncil. 2. Humanrights. I. Fassbender,Bardo. JZ4974.S39 2011 341.408—dc23 2011034967 TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby CPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY ISBN 978–0–19–964149–9 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Contents ListofContributors vii TablesofCases ix TablesofLegislation xi ListofAbbreviations xv 1 Introduction 1 BardoFassbender 2 TheSecurityCouncilandHumanRights—fromDiscretion toPromotetoObligationtoProtect 8 DaphnaShraga 3 TheSecurityCouncilasEnforcerofHumanRights 36 VeraGowlland-Debbas 4 TheRoleforHumanRightsintheDecision-makingProcessof theSecurityCouncil 74 BardoFassbender 5 SecurityCouncilTargetedSanctionsandHumanRights 98 AnnalisaCiampi 6 HumanRightsConsiderationsandtheEnforcementofTargeted SanctionsinEurope:TheEmergenceofCoreStandardsof JudicialProtection 141 ErikadeWet 7 ReviewingSecurityCouncilMeasuresintheLightofInternational HumanRightsPrinciples 172 SalvatoreZappalà Annex: GuidelinesoftheCommitteefortheConductofitsWork (SecurityCouncilCommitteeestablishedPursuantto Resolution1267(1999)concerningAl-Qaidaandthe TalibanandAssociatedIndividualsandEntities) 195 Index 217 This page intentionally left blank List of Contributors AnnalisaCiampiisProfessorofInternationalLawattheUniversityofVerona,whereshe wasalso Professor ofEuropean Union Law(2005–09).Sheholdsan LLM fromHarvard Law School (1996) and a PhD in International Law from the University of Rome La Sapienza(1998).ShehastaughtattheUniversitiesofMagnaGraecia(Catanzaro),Macer- ata,Trento,andFlorence.In2008,shewasaVisitingProfessorofInternationalLawatthe InstitutdesHautesEtudesInternationalesoftheUniversityPanthéon-Assas(ParisII).Annalisa CiampihasworkedasanexternalcounselfortheLegalDepartmentoftheItalianMinistry ofForeignAffairs,wasamemberoftheEuropeanCommitteeofSocialRights(2008–09), andhasbeenanadhocjudgeoftheEuropeanCourtofHumanRights.Sheisanassistant editoroftheRivistadidirittointernazionaleandmemberoftheEditorialBoardofTheLaw andPracticeofInternationalCourtsandTribunals.Shehaspublishedextensivelyinthefield ofinternationalcriminallawandhumanrights.Amongherrecentpublicationsisthebook SanzionidelConsigliodisicurezzaedirittiumani(2007). Erika de Wet is Co-director of the Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa,aswellasProfessorofInternationalLawattheFacultyofLaw,UniversityofPretoria (SouthAfrica).ShealsoretainsanappointmentasProfessorofInternationalConstitutional Law at the Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, where she was employed full time between2002and2010.Shecompletedherbasiclegaltraining(BIur,LLB)aswellasher doctoralthesis(LLD)attheUniversityoftheFreeState(SouthAfrica).Shealsoholdsan LLMfromHarvardUniversityandcompletedherHabilitationsschriftattheUniversityof Zurich in 2002. It was published under the title The Chapter VII Powers of the United NationsSecurityCouncil(2004).ProfessordeWetisCo-editorinChiefoftheOxfordReports onInternationalLawinDomesticCourts(ILDC)Online. Bardo Fassbender is Professor of International Law at the Bundeswehr University in Munich.Hestudiedlaw,history,andpoliticalscienceattheUniversityofBonn(Germany) andholdsanLLMfromYaleLawSchool(1992)andaDoctoriurisfromtheHumboldt UniversityinBerlin(1997),wherehealsocompletedhisHabilitationin2004andbecame Privatdozentforthedisciplinesofpubliclaw,internationallaw,Europeanlaw,andconsti- tutionalhistory.HehasbeenaFordFoundationSeniorFellowinPublicInternationalLaw at Yale University and a Jean Monnet Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence. Before joining the Bundeswehr University, he taught in Berlin, Sankt Gallen, andMunich(LudwigMaximiliansUniversity).Hisprincipalfieldsofresearchareinterna- tionallaw,UnitedNationslaw,Germanconstitutionallaw,comparativeconstitutionallaw and theory, and the history of international and constitutional law. Among his many publications are the books UN Security Council and the Right of Veto: A Constitutional Perspective(TheHague/London/Boston,1998),DeroffeneBundesstaat:Studienzurauswär- tigenGewaltundzurVölkerrechtssubjektivitätbundesstaatlicherTeilstaateninEuropa(Tübin- gen, 2007), and The United Nations Charter as the Constitution of the International Community(Leiden/Boston,2009). VeraGowlland-DebbasisEmeritusProfessorofPublicInternationalLawattheGraduate InstituteofInternationalandDevelopmentStudiesinGenevaandaVisitingProfessor at UniversityCollegeLondon.ShehasalsobeenaVisitingFellowatAllSoulsCollege,Oxford, viii ListofContributors and a Visiting Professor at Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, the Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationales of the Université Panthéon-Assas, Paris II, and the University of California at Berkeley. Her publications include Collective Responses to Illegal Acts in International Law (1990), Law-making in a Globalized World, Bancaja Euromediterra- nean Courses of International Law, Vol. VIII/IX (2004–05), and Revisiting the Role of UN Sanctions in the International Legal System, in Thesaurus Acroasium, Vol XXXVI (2005). Publication of the course given at the Hague Academy of International Law in 2007 on The Security Council and Issues of Responsibility under International Law is forthcoming.EditedworksincludeNationalImplementationofUnitedNationsSanctions (2004), and United Nations Sanctions and International Law (2001). She acted as Counsel for the Arab League in the ICJ Wall Opinion and advises governments and international organizations. Daphna Shraga is a Principal Legal Officer, Office of the Legal Counsel, Office of Legal Affairs,UnitedNations.SheholdsanLLBandLLMfromTel-AvivUniversity,andaPhD fromtheGraduateInstituteofInternationalandDevelopmentStudies,Geneva,whereshe wroteherdissertationon‘JusticeintheDistributionoftheWorld’sResources’.Hermain areasofworkhaveincludedtheestablishmentofthelegalframeworkforUN-basedjudicial andnon-judicialaccountabilitymechanisms,theUNAdministrationsinKosovoandEast Timor,andquestionsofhumanrightsandinternationalhumanitarianlaw.Sheistheauthor ofarticlesontheinternationalcriminaltribunalsfortheformerYugoslaviaandforRwanda, thesecondgenerationUN-basedtribunals,theapplicabilityofinternationalhumanitarian lawtoUNpeacekeepingoperations,andtheapplicabilityofthelawsofoccupationtoUN transitionaladministrations.In2009shewasaguestlecturerattheMelbourneUniversity SchoolofLaw. SalvatoreZappalàisProfessorofInternationalLawattheUniversityofCatania(Italy).He currentlyservesasLegalAdvisertothePermanentMissionofItalytotheUnitedNations. HeholdsaPhDinLawfromtheEuropeanUniversityInstitute(2000).Hehaspreviously taughtattheUniversitiesofPisa(2001–04)andFlorence(2004–06).Hewasamemberof theItalianDelegationatthe2010ReviewConferenceoftheInternationalCriminalCourt StatuteheldatKampala,inUganda,andattheVIandVIIAssemblyofStatesPartiestothe ICCStatute.Heistheauthorofvariouspublicationsoninternationallawandinternational criminallaw,andisManagingEditoroftheJournalofInternationalCriminalJustice. Tables of Cases COURTOF JUSTICEOFTHEEUROPEANUNION GeneralCourt(CourtofFirstInstance) AyadivCouncil,CaseT-253/02,12July2006................................114,115 ElMorabitvCouncil,CaseT-37/07andT-323/07,2September2009 ..............149,162 KadivCouncil/Commission,CaseT-315/01,21September2005,[2005] ECRII-3649................................................118–22,142–4 KadivCommissionT-85/09,30September2010.....119,142–4,146,149,152,156,162,170 MelliBankplcvCouncil,CasesT-246/08andT-332–08,9July2009 ................. 151 OMPI(I)(OrganisationdesModjahedinesduPeupled’IranvCouncil),CaseT-228/02, 12December2006,[2006]ECRII-4665 ..................... 133–4,142–3,146–56 OMPI(II)(People’sMojahedinOrganizationofIranvCouncil),CaseT-256/07, 23October2008,[2008]ECRII-03019................. 133–4,142–3,146–8,152–6 OMPI(III)(People’sMojahedinOrganizationofIranvCouncil),CaseT-284/08, 4December2008 ................................. 133–4,142–3,146–8,152–6 CourtofJustice AyadivCouncil,CaseC-403/06P,3September2009.............................. 115 KadivCouncil/Commission,CaseC-402/05P,3September2008,[2008]ECRI-6351....67–8, 118–20,122,128,142–52,156,158,160–2,170 MöllendorfCaseC-117/06,11October2007,[2007]ECRI-08361 ..................166–7 EUROPEANCOURTOF HUMANRIGHTS AandOthersvUnitedKingdom,ApplicationNo3455/05,19February2009...........157–8 Al-JeddavUnitedKingdom,ApplicationNo27021/08,7July2011 ................162,164 BehramivFranceandSaramativNorway&France,ApplicationNo71412/01and No78166/01,2May2007...........................................129,145 BosphorusvIreland,ApplicationNo45036/98,30June2005.......................127–9 NadavSwitzerland,ApplicationNo10593/08 ..................................145–6 HUMANRIGHTS COMMITTEE SayadiandVinckvBelgium,UNDOCCCPR/C/94/D/1472/2006,29December2008 ......... .................................................123–7,148–9,160,163,165 INTERNATIONAL COURTOFJUSTICE GenocideCase(CaseConcerningtheApplicationoftheConventiononthePrevention andPunishmentoftheCrimeofGenocide/BosniaandHerzegovinavSerbiaand Montenegro),26February2007,ICJReports(2007)......................27–8,32–3 LockerbieCase(CaseConcerningQuestionsofInterpretationandApplicationofthe1971 MontrealConventionArisingfromtheAerialIncidentatLockerbie/LibyanArab JamahiriyavUnitedKingdomandLibyanArabJamahiriyavUnitedStatesofAmerica), 14April1992,ICJReports(1992) .......................................48,69
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