Secure Oil and Alternative Energy: The Geopolitics of Energy Paths of China and the European Union

516 Pages·2012·2.09 MB·English

by  M. Parvizi Amineh

Secure Oil and Alternative Energy
International Comparative
Social Studies
Editor-in-Chief
Mehdi P. Amineh
Amsterdam International School for Social Sciences
Research (AISSR)—University of Amsterdam and International
Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS)—University of Leiden
Editorial Board
Sjoerd Beugelsdijk, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Simon Bromley, Open University, UK
Harald Fuhr, University of Potsdam, Germany
Gerd Junne, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Ngo Tak-Wing, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
Mario Rutten, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Advisory Board
W.A. Arts, University College Utrecht, The Netherlands
G.C.M. Lieten, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
H.W. van Schendel, University of Amsterdam/International
Institute of Social History, Amsterdam
L.A. Visano, York University, Canada
VOLUME 27
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/icss
Secure Oil and Alternative Energy
The Geopolitics of Energy Paths of China and
the European Union
Edited by
M. Parvizi Amineh and Yang Guang
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2012
Cover illustration: © Sandra van Merode
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ISSN 1568-4474
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................vii
List of Contributors .................................................................................................ix
List of Maps, Tables and Figures .......................................................................xvii
List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................xix
1 Introduction: China’s and the European Union’s Energy
Security Challenges in the Twenty-First Century........................................1
Mehdi P. Amineh and Yang Guang
PART ONE
GEOPOLITICS, GEO-ECONOMY AND ENERGY
2 The Central Eurasian Hydrocarbon Energy Complex:
From Central Asia to Central Europe ...........................................................41
Robert M. Cutler
3 Competing for Caspian Energy Resources: Russia’s and China’s
Energy (Foreign) Policies and the Implications for the
EU’s Energy Security .........................................................................................75
Frank Umbach
4 Elite Change and Foreign Policy in Iran Since the Presidency
of Ahmadinejad: Relations with the US, the EU and China ................115
Eva Patricia Rakel
5 China’s Energy Foreign Policy Towards Iran: Domestic Factors
and Geopolitical Challenges ........................................................................143
Yu Guoqing
6 China’s Energy Foreign Policy Towards the Caspian Region:
The Case of Kazakhstan ................................................................................167
Zhao Huirong and Wu Hongwei
7 Energy Ties and the China-Angola Strategic Partnership ....................197
Chen Mo
vi contents
8 Energy Cooperation between China and Latin America:
The Case of Venezuela ...................................................................................213
Sun Hongbo
9 Japan’s Energy Security Policy Towards Iran (1979–2010) .................245
Raquel Shaoul
PART TWO
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
10 Energy Transition Governance Paradigms and their Impact
on Green Innovation Processes ................................................................275
Daniel Scholten
11 Development Characteristics of the Solar Energy Industry
and Related Policies in China ....................................................................313
Li Xiaohua
12 The Brazilian Biofuel Industry: Achievements and
Geopolitical Challenges ..............................................................................343
Mairon G. Bastos Lima
13 Slowing down China’s Hydropower Development: Problems
of Pricing, Resettlement and Ecology .....................................................371
Eduard B. Vermeer
14 Global Energy Governance in the Twenty-First Century:
Challenges and Opportunities ..................................................................427
Joyeeta Gupta
Bibliography ..........................................................................................................449
Index ........................................................................................................................479
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This second volume is the result of a joint research program between the
Energy Program Asia of the International Institute for Asian Studies,
Leiden, the Netherlands, and the Institute of West Asian and African
Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), Beijing, China,
in cooperation with the Institute of Industrial Economy, CASS. The First
volume titled ‘The Globalization of Energy: China and the European
Union’, was published in 2010.
The successful completion of the second phase of this research project
depended on the cooperation and input of researchers with diverse disci-
plinary and intellectual backgrounds. Therefore, fijirst and foremost, we
thank them as contributors to the volume.
This project has received fijinancial support from Dutch Royal Academy
of Social Sciences (KNAW), The Netherlands, the Chinese Academy of
Social Sciences and the International Institute for Asian Studies. We
would like to thank these institutions for their organizational effforts.
We owe special thanks to the Director of IIAS, Philippe Peycam, and
Manon Ossewijer who from the beginning were enthusiastic supporters
of the joint program between IIAS and Institute of West Africa and Asian
Studies (IWAAS).
We wish to thank the following IWAAS and IIAS stafff members for oth-
erwise assisting in the fijinalization of this project: Amparo de Vogel,
Heleen van der Minne, Hugo Vlam, Pan Rixia, Paul van der Velde, Ria van
der Holst, Sandra van der Horst and Thomas Voorter. Last but not least we
are thankful to Anna Yeadell, Edward Vermeer, Eline Bötger, Kurt Radtke,
Nikolaos Olma and Sandra van Merode for their cheerful assistance and
useful advice.
Yang Guang, Beijing
M.P. Amineh, Amsterdam

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
M. Parvizi Amineh PhD (1998, Political Sciences, University of
Amsterdam), is a senior research fellow at the International Institute for
Asian Studies (IIAS), University of Leiden, The Netherlands and Program
Director of the Energy Program Asia (EPA) at the same institute. He is also
adjunct professor of international relations at Webster University Leiden,
senior lecturer at the International School for Humanities and Social
Sciences (ISHSS), and afffijiliated fellow at the Amsterdam International
School for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam. His
publications include: State, Society and International Relations in Asia
(2010), Globalization of Energy: China and the European Union (2010) with
Yang Guang, The Greater Middle East in Global Politics: Social Science
Perspective on the Changing Geography of the World Politics (2007), Central
Eurasia in Global Politics: Conflict, Security and Development (2004/2005)
with Henk Houweling, Globalization, Geopolitics and Energy Security in
Central Eurasia and the Caspian Region (2003), Towards the Control of Oil
Resources in the Caspian Region (1999/2000) and Die Globale Kapitalistische
Expansion und Iran: Eine Studie der Iranischen Politischen Ökonomie
(1999).
Mairon G. Bastos Lima holds a master’s degree in environmental studies
from the University of Waterloo, Canada and is a PhD candidate at the
Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam. His
research deals with biofuel policies and governance, with particular atten-
tion for Brazil, India and Indonesia. He analyzes biofuels, specifijically in
relation to the social dimensions of sustainable development, assessing
impacts and studying opportunities for the use of biofuels in poverty
reduction and equitable development. He examines policies and policy
instruments that could be conducive to agri-fuel systems and that pro-
mote such a form of development. At the international level, Mairon is
interested in global energy, agricultural and environmental governance
and in North-South and South-South relations.
Chen Mo graduated from Beijing Normal University in 1985. She then
joined the Middle East Studies Program at the Institute of West Asian and
African Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IWAAS CASS) as a