Table Of Content

ABOUT TUTTLE “Books to Span the East and West” Our core mission at Tuttle Publishing is to create books which bring people together one page at a time. Tuttle was founded in 1832 in the small New England town of Rutland, Vermont (USA). Our fundamental values remain as strong today as they were then—to publish best-in-class books informing the Englishspeaking world about the countries and peoples of Asia. The world has become a smaller place today and Asia’s economic, cultural and political infl uence has expanded, yet the need for meaningful dialogue and information about this diverse region has never been greater. Since 1948, Tuttle has been a leader in publishing books on the cultures, arts, cuisines, languages and literatures of Asia. Our authors and photographers have won numerous awards and Tuttle has published thousands of books on subjects ranging from martial arts to paper crafts. We welcome you to explore the wealth of information available on Asia at www.tuttlepublishing.com. Please note that the publisher and author(s) of this instructional book are NOT RESPONSIBLE in any manner whatsoever for any injury that may result from practicing the techniques and/or following the instructions given within. Martial arts training can be dangerous—both to you and to others—if not practiced safely. If you’re in doubt as to how to proceed or whether your practice is safe, consult with a trained martial arts teacher before beginning. Since the physical activities described herein may be too strenuous in nature for some readers, it is also essential that a physician be consulted prior to training. Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. Copyright © 1973 Charles E. Tuttle Co., Inc. Acknowledgments, Foreword, Portfolio of Drawings in new edition Copyright © 2009 by Futuro Designs & Publications/Adele Westbrook. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ratti, Oscar. Secrets of the samurai : the martial arts of feudal Japan / by Oscar Ratti and Adele Westbrook. 399 p. : ill. ; 27 cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-4-8053-0960-5 (hardcover) 1. Martial arts--Japan. I. Westbrook, Adele. II. Title. GV1100.77.A2.R37 2009 796.815--dc22 2009014305 ISBN 978-4-8053-1405-0 ISBN 978-1-4629-1900-0 (ebook) Distributed by North America, Latin America & Europe Tuttle Publishing 364 Innovation Drive North Clarendon, VT 05759-9436 U.S.A. Tel: 1 (802) 773-8930 Fax: 1 (802) 773-6993 [email protected] www.tuttlepublishing.com Japan Tuttle Publishing Yaekari Building, 3rd Floor 5-4-12 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141 0032 Tel: (81) 3 5437-0171 Fax: (81) 3 5437-0755 [email protected] www.tuttle.co.jp Asia Pacific Berkeley Books Pte. Ltd. 61 Tai Seng Avenue, #02-12 Singapore 534167 Tel: (65) 6280-1330 Fax: (65) 6280-6290 [email protected] www.periplus.com 20 19 18 17 16 5 4 3 2 1 1604MP Printed in Singapore TUTTLE PUBLISHING® is a registered trademark of Tuttle Publishing, a division of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. TO THOSE RARE MASTERS OF BUJUTSU who revered the arts of the warrior— but who revered human life even more; and TO THOSE SCHOLARS without whose reflections and painstaking recollections this book would not have been possible If we open ourselves up to the divine Life Force in its physical and spiritual manifestations we are all right, as individuals and as societies of individuals. If, on the contrary, we turn our backs on the God-made universe and insist on living in the home-made, verbal universe of fancies and ideals, imagining that we can improve on nature and make God in our own image, then we ruin our private lives, physically and spiritually, and create societies such as we live in today. Our habit of doing most of our living in a home-made world of words, fancies, and illusions is so deeply ingrained that it requires hard work with special techniques to “get back to where we have always been”—that is to say, to the given reality of Nature and Grace, to things as they really are, in themselves, and quoad nos , in relation to our egos. Aldous Huxley The Selected Letters of Aldous Huxley James Sexton, editor Ivan R. Dee. 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD PORTFOLIO OF DRAWINGS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PREFACE INTRODUCTION : The Martial Ethos Definition of Bujutsu and Its Specializations The Qualification “Martial” (Bu) and the Exponents of Bujutsu The Qualification “Martial” (Bu) and the Art of War The Military Tradition in the History of Japan Origins of Bujutsu PART I EXPONENTS OF BUJUTSU: THE BUJIN 1. The Bushi The Rise of the Military Class The Military Structure of Tokugawa Society: The Shogun The Daimyo The Military Retainer: The Samurai Education and Status of the Buke The Samurai Woman The Masterless Warrior: The Ronin 2. The Heimin The Farmers The Militant Clergy Artisans and Merchants The Police Forces and the Underworld 3. The Centers of Martial Instruction The Ryu The Sensei PART II OUTER FACTORS OF BUJUTSU Weapons and Techniques