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Seasonal Changes of Abundance and Species Richness of Testate Amoebae (Testacealobosea, Testaceafilosea) in the River Gujva (Dnieper River Basin) PDF

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Vestnik zoologii, 44(6): 525–532, 2010 Ìîðôîëîãèÿ ÓÄÊ 593.121(477.42) ÑÅÇÎÍÍÛÅ ÈÇÌÅÍÅÍÈß ×ÈÑËÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ È ÂÈÄÎÂÎÃÎ ÁÎÃÀÒÑÒÂÀ ÐÀÊÎÂÈÍÍÛÕ ÀÌÅÁ (TESTACEALOBOSEA, TESTACEAFILOSEA)  Ð. ÃÓÉÂÀ (ÁÀÑÑÅÉÍ ÄÍÅÏÐÀ) Î. Í. Àëïàòîâà Æèòîìèðñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò èì.È.ß. Ôðàíêî, óë.Á.Áåðäè÷åâñêàÿ, 40, Æèòîìèð, 10008 Óêðàèíà Å-mail: [email protected] Ïîëó÷åíî 24 ôåâðàëÿ 2010 Ïðèíÿòî 20 àïðåëÿ 2010 Ñåçîííûå èçìåíåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè è âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá (Testacealobosea, Testaceafilosea) â ð. Ãóéâà (áàññåéí Äíåïðà). Àëïàòîâà Î.Í.—Ïðèâåäåíûðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñåçîííûõ èçìåíåíèé íà ïðîòÿæåíèè 2008–2009ãã. ÷èñëåííîñòè è âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá â ðåêå Ãóéâà. Ìàêñèìàëüíîå âèäîâîå áîãàòñòâî è êîëè÷åñòâåííîå ðàçâèòèå íàáëþäàëîñü â èþíå. Óñòàíîâëåíà äîñòîâåðíàÿ çàâèñèìîñòü ÷èñëåííîñòè è âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá îò êîíöåíòðàöèè ðàñòâîðåííîãî â âîäå êèñëîðîäà è îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ, à òàêæå ÷èñëåííîñòè îò òåìïåðàòóðû. Çà ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèÿ îáíàðóæåíû 48 âèäîâ è ïîäâèäîâ òåñòàöåé. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ðàêîâèííûå àìåáû, ñåçîííàÿ äèíàìèêà, ÷èñëåííîñòü, âèäîâîå áîãàòñòâî. Seasonal Changes of Abundance and Species Richness of Testate Amoebae (Testacealobosea, Testaceafilosea) in the River Gujva (Dnieper River Basin). AlpatovaO.N.—Dataonthe seasonal changes of abundance and species richness of testate amoebae species and subspecies in Gujva River during 2008 and 2009 years are presented in the article. The maximal quantitative and qualitative development of testate amoebae was observed in June. The significant relations between amoebae abundance are with temperature of water, dissolved organic matter and dissolved oxygen on the one hand and between species richness of amoebae and dissolved organic matter and dissolved oxygen on the other hand were found. During the period of investigation 48 species and subspecies of testate amoebae were found. Key words: testate amoebae, seasonal dynamics, quantity, species richness. Ââåäåíèå Ðàêîâèííûå àìåáû— ïîñòîÿííûå è òèïè÷íûå îáèòàòåëè ïðåñíûõ âîäîåìîâ âñåõ òèïîâ (Äåõòÿð, 1969). Õîòÿ ýòî îäíà èç íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûõ è äîìèíèðóþùèõ ãðóïï â âîäíûõ ýêîñèñòåìàõ, âîïðîñû ýêîëîãèè äàííîé ãðóïïû ïðîòèñòîâ îñòàþòñÿ íåäîñòàòî÷íî èçó÷åííûìè â Óêðàèíå. Òåñòàöåè â îñíîâíîì èçó÷àëè â õîäå ãèäðîáèîëîãè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïðîñòåéøèõ èëè áåçïîçâîíî÷íûõ â öåëîì. Ïðè ýòîì ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ñâåäåíèÿ ïî ñåçîííîé äèíàìèêå ÷èñëåííîñòè, âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà è âèäîâîãî ñîñòàâà ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá âîäîåìîâ Óêðàèíû ñëàáî ïðåäñòàâëåíû â ëèòåðàòóðå. Èìåþòñÿ ëèøü ôðàãìåíòàðíûå äàííûå ïî ñåçîííîé è ãîäîâîé äèíàìèêå, â êîòîðûõ ðàêîâèííûå êîðíåíîæêè ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ êàê ñîñòàâíàÿ ÷àñòü ìèêðîçîîáåíòîñà èëè ïðèäîííîãî çîîïëàíêòîíà (Ôàòîâåíêî, 1971; Êîâàëü÷óê, 1987; Êîâàëü÷óê è äð., 1992; Ìîâ÷àí, 1989).  òî æå âðåìÿ ïîäîáíûå ðàáîòû àêòèâíî ïðîâîäÿòñÿ â äðóãèõ ðåãèîíàõ (Ñíåãîâàÿ, 2000; Âèêîë, 1992; Alekperov, Snegovaya, 1999; Kiss at al., 2009; Serafimov et al., 1995). Íàìè ïðîâåäåíî ñïåöèàëüíîå èññëåäîâàíèå îñîáåííîñòåé ñåçîííîé äèíàìèêè ÷èñëåííîñòè è âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá ð. Ãóéâà, êîòîðàÿ ïðîòåêàåò ïî òåððèòîðèè Æèòîìèðñêîãî Ïîëåñüÿ. Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäû Ñáîð ìàòåðèàëà ïðîâîäèëè 1–2ðàçà â ìåñÿö íà ïðîòÿæåíèè 2008–2009ãã. â ð.Ãóéâà ó ñ.Ìëûíèùå Æèòîìèðñêîéîáë. Ýòà ðåêà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðàâûì ïðèòîêîì ð.Òåòåðåâ (áàññåéíÄíåïðà). 526 Î. Í. Àëïàòîâà Êîëè÷åñòâåííûé è êà÷åñòâåííûé ó÷åò òåñòàöåé ïðîâîäèëè ìåòîäàìè, ðåêîìåíäîâàííûìè äëÿ ýòîé ãðóïïû ïðîñòåéøèõ (Àëåêïåðîâ è äð., 1996). Òåìïåðàòóðó âîäû îïðåäåëÿëè âîäíûì ðòóòíûì òåðìîìåòðîì. Èçìåðåíèå ðÍ ïðîâîäèëè ýëåêòðîìåòðè÷åñêè ñ ïîìîùüþ pH-ìåòðà ðÍ–150Ì. Îïðåäåëåíèå ðàñòâîðåííîãî â âîäå êèñëîðîäà ïðîâîäèëè ïî ìåòîäó Âèíêëåðà, êîíöåíòðàöèþ ðàñòâîðåííûõ îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ îïðåäåëÿëè ïî ïåðìàíãàíàòíîé îêèñëÿåìîñòè (Àëåêèí è äð., 1973; Äðà÷åâ è äð., 1960). Äëÿ èäåíòèôèêàöèè ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá èñïîëüçîâàëè ðàáîòû ìíîãèõ àâòîðîâ (Àâåðèíöåâ, 1906; Âèêîë, 1992; Ãåëüöåð è äð., 1995; Ìàçåé, Öûãàíîâ, 2006; Barto^s, 1954; Deflandre, 1928; Ogden, Hedley, 1980; Snegovaya, Alekperov, 2005). Çàâèñèìîñòü ìåæäó ÷èñëåííîñòüþ, âèäîâûì áîãàòñòâîì ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá è ãèäðîõèìè÷åñêèìè ïàðàìåòðàìè îïðåäåëÿëè ñ ïîìîùüþ êîðåëÿöèîííîãî è îäíîôàêòîðíîãî äèñïåðñèîííîãî àíàëèçà, ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ïàêåòà STATISTICA 6.0. Ðåçóëüòàòû è îáñóæäåíèå  2008–2009 ãã. â ð. Ãóéâà íàìè îáíàðóæåíû 48 âèäîâ è ïîäâèäîâ ðàêîâèí- íûõ àìåá (òàáë.1).  âèäîâîì ñîñòàâå ïðåîáëàäàëè òèïè÷íî âîäíûå ïðåäñòàâèòåëè ñåìåéñòâ Arcellidae Ehrenberg, 1832 (16% îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà âèäîâ), Centropyxidae Deflandre, 1953 (27%) è Difflugiidae Wallich, 1864 (37%). Íà äîëþ äðóãèõ ñåìåéñòâ ïðèõîäèëîñü 18%. Íà ïðîòÿæåíèè âñåãî ïåðèîäà èññëåäîâàíèÿ íàèáîëåå ìíîãî÷èñëåííûìè áûëè âèäû: A. discoides discoides (äî 1460 ýêç./ë), A. hemisphaerica (äî 1134 ýêç./ë), A.megastoma (äî 1400 ýêç./ë), A.vulgaris vulgaris (äî 1134 ýêç./ë), C.aculeata aculea- ta (äî 1200 ýêç./ë), C. ecornis (äî 1266 ýêç./ë), D. acuminata (äî 1134 ýêç./ë), D. corona (äî 1134 ýêç./ë), D. oblonga (äî 1134 ýêç./ë) è N. wailesi (äî 1266 ýêç./ë). Íàèìåíüøåå âèäîâîå áîãàòñòâî îòìå÷àëîñü â çèìíèå ìåñÿöû è â íà÷àëå âåñíû— 4, 4, 2 è 3âèäà ñîîòâåòñòâåííî â äåêàáðå, ÿíâàðå, ôåâðàëå, ìàðòå (ðèñ.1).  ýòîò ïåðèîä âñòðå÷àëîñü 6 âèäîâ: A. discoidesdiscoides, C.aculeata aculeata, C.ecor- nis, D.acuminata, D.ñorona, D.lithophila. Âñå ýòè âèäû ýâðèòåðìíû. Îíè âñòðå÷àëèñü íà ïðîòÿæåíèè âñåãî ãîäà â òåìïåðàòóðíîì äèàïàçîíå 3–26°C. Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî âñå âûøå ïåðå÷èñëåííûå âèäû óêàçàíû êàê ýâðèòåðìíûå â ðàáîòå Ì.Ì.Âèêîë (1992), õîòÿ â óñëîâèÿõ Àçåðáàéäæàíà ê ýâðèòåðìíûì èç èõ ÷èñëà îòíåñåíû òîëüêî äâà âèäà: A. discoides discoides è C. aculeata aculeata (Alekperov, Snegovaya, 1999). Íàèáîëüøåå âèäîâîå áîãàòñòâî òåñòàöåé (ðèñ. 2) çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî íàìè â ìàå(27 âèäîâ), èþíå (34 âèäà) è àâãóñòå (28 âèäîâ). Õàðàêòåðíûìè òîëüêî äëÿ òåïëîãî ïåðèîäà (18–26°C) îêàçàëèñü: A. discoides scutelliformis, A. megastoma, C. aculeata grandis, C. cassis, C. eurystoma, C. kahli, C. mespiliformis, D. curvicaulis, D. gigantea, D. urceolata, E. strigosa, E. tuberculata è Ph. acropodia. Èõ ìîæíî îòíåñòè ê ñòåíîòåðìíûì, òåïëîëþáèâûì âèäàì. Îäèí èç ýòèõ âèäîâ, A. megastoma ïî ëèòåðàòóðíûì äàííûì (Âèêîë, 1992; Alekperov, Snegovaya, 1999) òàêæå ÿâëÿåòñÿ òåïëîëþáèâûì. Êðîìå ýòîãî âèäà, Ì. Ì. Âèêîë (1992) ñ÷èòàåò ñòåíîòåðìíûìè åùå C. åurystoma è D. ñurvicaulis. Íàèáîëüøåå êîëè÷åñòâåííîå ðàçâèòèå òåñòàöåé íàáëþäàëîñü â âåñåííå-ëåòíèé ïåðèîä, äîñòèãàÿ ìàêñèìóìà â èþíå (26200ýêç./ë), ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ëèòåðàòóðíûì äàííûì î ëåòíåì ïèêå ðàçâèòèÿ ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá (Ñíåãîâàÿ, 2000; Êîâàëü÷óê, 1992; Ôàòîâåíêî, 1971) (ðèñ. 2). Õîòÿ íåêîòîðûå èññëåäîâàòåëè îòìå÷àþò ñíèæåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè êîðíåíîæåê îò âåñíû ê ëåòó ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì åå óâåëè÷åíèåì â îñåííåå âðåìÿ (Âèêîë, 1990). Ñ ïîìîùüþ îäíîôàêòîðíîãî äèñïåðñèîííîãî àíàëèçà óñòàíîâëåíà äîñòîâåðíàÿ çàâèñèìîñòü ÷èñëåííîñòè ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá îò òåìïåðàòóðû (êðèòåðèé Ôèøåðà, F = 11,060 ïðè p = 0,007) (ðèñ. 3), êîíöåíòðàöèè ðàñòâîðåííûõ â âîäå êèñëîðîäà (F = 10,806; p = 0,038) (ðèñ. 4) è îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ (F = 5,333; p = 0,026) (ðèñ.5), à âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà — îò êîíöåíòðàöèè ðàñòâîðåííûõ â âîäå êèñëîðîäà Ñåçîííûå èçìåíåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè è âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá… 527 Òàáëèöà 1. Âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ è ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá ïî ìåñÿöàì â ð. Ãóéâà (2008–2009ãã.) Table 1. Species composition and temporal distribution (on months) of testate amoebae in the river Gujva(2008–2009) Ìåñÿö ¹ Âèä 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 Arcella discoides discoides Ehrenberg, 1843 + + + + + + + + + 2 A. discoides scutelliformis Playfair, 1918 + + 3 A. hemisphaerica Perty, 1852 + + + + 4 A. megastoma Penard, 1902 + + + 5 A. polypora Penard, 1890 + + + + 6 A. rotundata Playfair, 1918 + + + + 7 A. vulgaris vulgaris Ehrenberg, 1830 + + + + + + + 8 A. vulgaris undulata Deflandre, 1928 + + + 9 Centrîpyxis aculeata aculeata Stein, 1857 + + + + + + + + + + + 10 C. aculeata grandis Deflandre, 1929 + + + 11 C. cassis (Wallich 1864) Deflandre, 1929 + + 12 C. discoides Penard, 1890 + + + + 13 C. ecornis Ehrenberg, 1838 + + + + + + + + + + 14 C. hirsuta Deflandre, 1929 + + + 15 C. marsupiformis Wallich, 1864 + + + + 16 C.minuta Deflandre, 1929 + + 17 C. orbicularis Deflandre, 1929 + + + + 18 C. platystoma Penard, 1890 + + + + + + 19 Cucurbitella mespiliformis Penard, 1902 + + + 20 Cyclopyxis arcelloides (Penard, 1902) Deflandre, 1929 + + + 21 C. eurystoma Deflandre, 1929 + + + + 22 C. kahli Deflandre, 1929 + + 23 Cyphoderia ampulla (Ehrenberg 1841) Schlumberger, 1845 + + 24 C. compressa Golemansky, 1979 + + + + 25 Difflugia acuminata Ehrenberg, 1838 + + + + + + + + + 26 D. avellana Penard, 1890 + + + 27 D. corona Wallich, 1864 + + + + + + + 28 D. curvicaulis Penard, 1899 + + 29 D. gigantea Chardez, 1956 + + 30 D. globulosa Dujardin, 1837 + + + 31 D. gramen Penard, 1902 + + + + 32 D. lithophila (Penard, 1902) Gauthier-Lievre et + + + + + Thomas, 1958 33 D. lobostoma Leidy, 1879 + + + + 34 D. oblonga Ehrenberg, 1838 + + + + + 35 D. pristis Penard, 1902 + + + + 36 D. pyriformis Perty, 1834 + + + + 37 D. ðenardi Hopkinson, 1909 + + + + 38 D.urceolata Carter, 1864 + + + 39 Euglypha strigosa (Ehrenberg, 1871) Leidy, 1878 + + 40 E.tuberculata Dujardin, 1841 + + 41 Lesquereusia spiralis (Ehrenberg, 1840) Butschli, 1888 + + + + 42 Netzelia compressa Dekhtyar, 1994 + + + + 43 N. wailesi (Ogden, 1980) Meisterfeld, 1984 + + + 44 Phryganella acropodia (Hertwig et Lesser, 1874) + + Hopkinson, 1909 45 Pontigulasia incisa Rhumbler, 1896 + + + + + 46 Trinema enchelys (Ehrenberg, 1838) Leidy, 1879 + + + + 47 Zivkovicia compressa(Carter, 1864) Ogden, 1987 + + + + + + 48 Z. spectabilis (Penard, 1902) Ogden, 1987 + + + - (F = 15,526; p = 0,023) (ðèñ. 6) è îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ (F = 4,405; p = 0,042) (ðèñ. 7). Ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàëè ñèñòåìó êîððåëÿöèé ìåæäó ãèäðîõèìè÷åñêèìè ïîêàçàòåëÿìè âîäû, ÷èñëåííîñòüþ ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá è èõ âèäîâûì áîãàòñòâîì â ðàçíûå ñåçîíû (òàáë.3).  ðåçóëüòàòå îêàçàëîñü, ÷òî èìååò ìåñòî èçìåíåíèå çíà÷åíèé êîýôôèöèåí- òîâ êîððåëÿöèè â òðåõ ñëó÷àÿõ. Òàê, â âåñåííèé ïåðèîä íàáëþäàëàñü äîñòîâåðíàÿ âûñîêàÿ ïîëîæèòåëüíàÿ êîððåëÿöèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè è âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá ñ àêòèâíîé ðåàêöèåé ñðåäû (r = 0,99 ïðè ð = 0,044 è r = 0,99 ïðè ð = 0,011) 528 Î. Í. Àëïàòîâà 40 35 30 î òâ 25 ñ ò à ã 20 î á îå 15 â î èä 10 â 5 0 ü ü ò ü é ü ü ò ü ü ü ü ÿíâàð ôåâðàë ìàð àïðåë ìà èþí èþë àâãóñ åíòÿáð îêòÿáð íîÿáð äåêàáð ñ Ðèñ. 1. Äèíàìèêà âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá â ð. Ãóéâà (2008–2009ãã.). Fig. 1. The dynamics of species richness of testate amoebae in the river Gujva (2008–2009). 30000 ë 25000 / ç ê ý ü, 20000 ò ñ î í 15000 í å ë ñ è 10000 ÷ ÿ à ù 5000 á î 0 ÿíâàðü ôåâðàëü ìàðò àïðåëü ìàé èþíü èþëü àâãóñò åíòÿáðü îêòÿáðü íîÿáðü äåêàáðü ñ Ðèñ. 2. Äèíàìèêà ÷èñëåííîñòè ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá â ð. Ãóéâà (2008–2009ãã.). Fig. 2. The dynamics of quantity of testate amoebae in the river Gujva (2008–2009). Òàáëèöà 2. Çíà÷åíèÿ ãèäðîõèìè÷åñêèõ ïîêàçàòåëåé â ð. Ãóéâà (2008–2009 ãã.) Table 2. The values of hydrochemical parameters in the river Gujva (2008–2009) Òåìïåðàòóðà, Cîäåðæàíèå ðàñòâîðåííîãî â âîäå Cîäåðæàíèå ðàñòâîðåííûõ â âîäå Ìåñÿö ðÍ t°C êèñëîðîäà, ìã/ë îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ, ìãÎ/ë 2 1 3 7,12 4,42 6 2 4 7,46 3,51 2 3 6 7,18 3,77 8 4 14 7,67 12,35 12 5 18 7,78 16,78 8 6 24 8,03 8,85 8 7 26 7,96 12,49 12 8 22 7,81 17,43 12 9 16 7,55 10,54 8 10 11 7,86 9,63 6 11 7 7,03 11,97 6 12 3 6,89 9,37 2 Ñåçîííûå èçìåíåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè è âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá… 529 30000 27500 25000 22500 20000 ë / ç. ê 17500 ý òü, 15000 ñ î í í 12500 å ë ñ è 10000 ÷ 7500 5000 2500 0 3 4 6 7 11 14 16 18 22 24 26 òåìïåðàòóðà, 0Ñ Ðèñ. 3. Çàâèñèìîñòü ÷èñëåííîñòè ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá îò òåìïåðàòóðû âîäû. Fig. 3. The quantity dependence of testate amoebae from temperature of water. 40000 35000 30000 25000 ë / ç ê ý 20000 ü, ò ñ 15000 î í í å ñë 10000 è ÷ 5000 0 -5000 -10000 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 16 17 2 Ðèñ. 4. Çàâèñèìîñòü ÷èñëåííîñòè ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá îò êîíöåíòðàöèè ðàñòâîðåííîãî â âîäå êèñëîðîäà. Fig. 4. The quantity dependence of testate amoebae from dissolved oxygen concentration. 530 Î. Í. Àëïàòîâà 35000 30000 25000 ë / 20000 ç. ê ý ü, 15000 ò ñ î í í 10000 å ë ñ è ÷ 5000 0 -5000 2 6 8 12 2 Ðèñ. 5. Çàâèñèìîñòü ÷èñëåííîñòè ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá îò êîíöåíòðàöèè ðàñòâîðåííûõ â âîäå îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ. Fig. 5. The quantity dependence of testate amoebae from dissolved organic matter concentration. 50 40 30 î â ò ñ ò à ã áî 20 å î â î ä è 10 â 0 -10 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 16 17 2 Ðèñ. 6. Çàâèñèìîñòü âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá îò êîíöåíòðàöèè ðàñòâîðåííîãî â âîäå êèñëîðîäà. Fig. 6. The species richness dependence of testate amoebae from dissolved oxygen concentration. Ñåçîííûå èçìåíåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè è âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá… 531 45 40 35 30 î 25 â ò ñ àò 20 ã î á 15 å î â î 10 ä è â 5 0 -5 -10 2 6 8 12 2 Ðèñ. 7. Çàâèñèìîñòü âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá îò êîíöåíòðàöèè ðàñòâîðåííûõ â âîäå îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ. Fig. 7. The species richness dependence of testate amoebae from dissolved organic matter concentration. Òàáëèöà 3. Êîýôôèöèåíòû êîððåëÿöèè (r) ìåæäó ãèäðîõèìè÷åñêèìè ïîêàçàòåëÿìè âîäû, ÷èñëåííîñòüþ ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá è èõ âèäîâûì áîãàòñòâîì â ðàçíûå ñåçîíû 2008–2009 ãã. (äîñòîâåðíûå êîýôôèöèåíòû êîððåëÿöèè âèäåëåíû ïîëóæèðíûì øðèôòîì) Table 3. The coefficients of correlation (r) between the hydrochemical parameters of water, the quantity of tes- tate amoebae and their species richness in different seasons of 2008–2009 (the reliable coefficients of correla- tion are marked by boldface font) Ñîäåðæàíèå Ñîäåðæàíèå ðàñòâîðåí- Òåìïåðà- Ïàðàìåòð ðÍ ðàñòâîðåííîãî â âîäå íûõ â âîäå îðãàíè÷åñêèõ òóðà, t°Ñ êèñëîðîäà ìã/ë âåùåñòâ, ìãÎ/ë 2 ×èñëåííîñòü (çèìà) -0,98 -0,97 0,73 0,37 Âèäîâîå áîãàòñòâî (çèìà) -0,99 -0,92 0,62 0,5 ×èñëåííîñòü (âåñíà) 0,99 0,99 0,99 0,28 Âèäîâîå áîãàòñòâî (âåñíà) 0,98 0,99 0,98 0,36 ×èñëåííîñòü (ëåòî) 0,62 0,99 -0,99 -0,79 Âèäîâîå áîãàòñòâî (ëåòî) -0,24 0,56 -0,66 -0,98 ×èñëåííîñòü (îñåíü) 0,95 0,28 -0,26 0,99 Âèäîâîå áîãàòñòâî (îñåíü) 0,96 0,35 -0,33 0,98 ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.  ëåòíèé ïåðèîä èìåëà ìåñòî îòðèöàòåëüíàÿ çàâèñèìîñòü ÷èñ- ëåííîñòè îò ñîäåðæàíèÿ â âîäå ðàñòâîðåííîãî êèñëîðîäà (r = 0,99, ð = 0,022). Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íàèáîëüøàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü è âèäîâîå áîãàòñòâî òåñòàöåé íàáëþäàëèñü ëåòîì, äîñòèãàÿ ìàêñèìóìà â èþíå. Ìèíèìàëüíîå ðàçâèòèå ýòèõ îðãàíèçìîâ çàôèêñèðîâàíî çèìîé. Ñðåäè ãèäðîëîãè÷åñêèõ ôàêòîðîâ íàèáîëåå ñóùåñòâåííî âëèÿþò íà ÷èñëåííîñòü ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá òåìïåðàòóðà, êîíöåíòðàöèè ðàñòâîðåííûõ â âîäå êèñëîðîäà è îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ, à íà âèäîâîå áîãàòñòâî — êîíöåíòðàöèè ðàñòâîðåííûõ â 532 Î. Í. Àëïàòîâà âîäå êèñëîðîäà è îðãàíè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ. Êðîìå òîãî, ÷èñëåííîñòü êîðíåíîæåê ñâÿ- çàíà ñ àêòèâíîé ðåàêöèåé ñðåäû. Ïðè ýòîì áëàãîïðèÿòíûìè äëÿ ðàçâèòèÿ ÷èñëåí- íîñòè è âèäîâîãî áîãàòñòâà ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá ÿâëÿþòñÿ çíà÷åíèÿ ðÍ áëèçêèå ê 7,5. Èññëåäîâàíèÿ âûïîëíåíû ïðè ïîääåðæêå Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ôîíäà ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé Óêðàèíû (ïðîåêò ¹ Ô28/523–2009). Àâåðèíöåâ Ñ.À.Rhizopoda ïðåñíûõ âîä// Òð. Èìï. Ñïá. îá-âà åñòåñòâîèñï.— 1906. — 36, ¹2.— 351ñ. Àëåêèí Î. À., Ñåìåíîâ À. Ä., Ñêîïèíöåâ Á. À. Ðóêîâîäñòâî ïî õèìè÷åñêîìó àíàëèçó ñóøè. — Ì. : Ãèäðîìåòåîèçäàò, 1973.— 269ñ. Àëåêïåðîâ È. Õ., Àñàäóëëàåâà Ý. Ñ., Çàèäîâ Ò.Ô.Ìåòîäû ñáîðà è èçó÷åíèÿ ñâîáîäíîæèâóùèõ èíôóçîðèé è ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá: Ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêîå ïîñîáèå.— ÑÏá.: Ñàéãîí, 1996.— 51 ñ. Âèêîë Ì.Ì.Ðàêîâèííûå êîðíåíîæêè (Rhizopoda, Testacea) è èõ ðîëü â ïðîäóêöèîííî-äåñòðóêöèîííûõ ïðîöåññàõ âîäîåìîâ// Ýêîëîãèÿ ìîðñêèõ è ïðåñíîâîäíûõ ñâîáîäíîæèâóùèõ ïðîñòåéøèõ: Ñá. íàó÷. òð. — Ë.: Íàóêà, 1990.— 192 ñ. Âèêîë Ì.Ì.Êîðíåíîæêè (Rhizopoda, Testacea) âîäîåìîâ áàññåéíà Äíåñòðà.— Êèøèíåâ: Øòèèíöà, 1992.— 128 ñ. Ãåëüöåð Þ. Ã., Êîðãàíîâà Ã. À., Àëåêñååâ Ä. À. Îïðåäåëèòåëü ïî÷âîîáèòàþùèõ ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá : Ïðàêòè÷åñêîå ðóêîâîäñòâî.— Ì.: Èçä-âî ÌÃÓ, 1995.— 88ñ. Äåõòÿð Ì.Í.Ýêîëîãèÿ Rhizopoda (Testacea) âîäîåìîâ Êèëèéñêîé äåëüòû Äóíàÿ// Ãèäðîáèîëîã. æóðí.— 1969.—5, ¹4.— Ñ.55–64. Äðà÷åâ Ñ. Ì., Ðàçóìîâ À. Ñ., Ñêîïèíöåâ Â. À., Êàáàíîâ Í.Ì.Ïðèåìû ñàíèòàðíîãî èçó÷åíèÿ âîäîåìîâ.— Ì.: Ìåäãèç, 1960.— 355ñ. Êîâàëü÷óê Í.Å.Ìèêðîáåíòîñ âîäîåìîâ áàññåéíà Äíåñòðà: Àâòîðåô. äèñ. … êàíä. áèîë. íàóê.— Êèåâ, 1987.— 20 ñ. Êîâàëü÷óê À. À., Êîâàëü÷óê Í.Å.Âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ èíôóçîðèé è êîðíåíîæåê èç ñîñòàâà ïðîòèñòîáåíòîñà âîäîåìîâ áàññåéíà Äíåñòðà // Ãèäðîáèîëîãè÷åñêèé ðåæèì Äíåñòðà è åãî âîäîåìîâ / Ïîä ðåä. ÁðàãèíñêîãîË.Ï.— Êèåâ: Íàóê. äóìêà, 1992.— Ñ. 231–237. ÌàçåéÞ.À., Öûãàíîâ À.Í.Ïðåñíîâîäíûå ðàêîâèííûå àìåáû.— Ì.: Ò-âî íàó÷. èçä. ÊÌÊ, 2006.— 300 ñ. Ìîâ÷àí Â.À.Èíôóçîðèè è ðàêîâèííûå àìåáû áåíòîñà êàíàëà Ñåâåðñêèé Äîíåö-Äîíáàñ: Àâòîðåô. äèñ. … êàíä. áèîë. íàóê.— Êèåâ, 1989.— 24 ñ. Ñíåãîâàÿ Í.Þ.Âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ è ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå îñîáåííîñòè ðàêîâèííûõ àìåá (Rhizopoda, Testacea) ïðåñíûõ âîä Àïøåðîíà// Âåñòí. çîîëîãèè.— 2000.— 34,¹6.— Ñ.81–87. Ôàòîâåíêî Ì.À.Ìèêðîçîîáåíòîñ è ïðèäîííûé çîîïëàíêòîí Äíåïðîäçåðæèíñêîãî âîäîõðàíèëèùà // Äíåïðîäçåðæèíñêîå âîäîõðàíèëèùå. — 1971.— Ñ.94–104. Alekperov I., Snegovaya N. Specific composition and number of testaceous amoebae (Testacea Lobosia, Protozoa) of Ganli— Gol Lake// Tr.J. Zoology.— 1999.— 23.— P.313–319. (cid:2) (cid:2) Barto^sE. Korenonozce radu Testacea.— Bratislava: Vyd. Slov. 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