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Searching for the Original Bible: *Who Wrote It and Why? *Is It Reliable? *Has the Text Changed Over Time? PDF

299 Pages·2007·7.629 MB·English
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Preview Searching for the Original Bible: *Who Wrote It and Why? *Is It Reliable? *Has the Text Changed Over Time?

Searching for THE Original oible Randall Price W HARVEST HOUSE PUBLISHERS EUGENE. OREGON I I All Scripture quotations are taken from the New American Standard Bible®, © 1960,1962,1963,1968,1971, 1972,1973,1975,1977,1995 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. (www.Lockman.org) All emphasis in Scripture quotations has been added by the author. Cover by Dugan Design Group, Bloomington, Minnesota Cover photo © Karen Benzian I Isrealimages /Alamy ERRATA The section entitled "What About ‘Errors’ in the Manuscripts?" on pages 115 to 116 contains original statistical information produced by Daniel B. Wallace and is taken from his chapter “Can We Trust the New Testament?: The Quality and Quantity of Textual Variants" as contained in J. Ed Komoszewski, D. James Sawyer, and Daniel B. Wallace, Reinventing Jesus: What the Da Vinci Code and Other Novel Speculations Don’t Tell You (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 2006), pp. 59-61. SEARCHING FOR THE ORIGINAL BIBLE Copyright © 2007 by World of the Bible Ministries Published by Harvest House Publishers Eugene, Oregon 97402 www.harvesthousepublishcrs.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Price, Randall. Searching for the original Bible / Randall Price p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-0-7369-1054-5 (pbk.) ISBN-10:0-7369-1054-9 (pbk.) 1. Bible—Inspiration. 2. Bible—Evidences, authority, etc. I. Title. BS480.P754 2007 220.1—dc22 2007014163 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, digital, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15/VP-KB/ 12 11 10 987654321 ■ L In memory of my mother Maurine Grace Atkins Price A woman of the Word who taught me to be a man of the Word Dedicated to Marsha Ginzel Stuckly A faithful friend who knows the greatest gift is the giving of God’s Word Acknowledgments As with each of my books, I owe the successful completion of this one to many who have graciously given of their time, resources, and permission. My gratitude is extended to the many evangelical scholars who have helped me understand and respond to the recent critical challenges to the biblical text. Particular thanks are given to Dr. Daniel B. Wallace (Dallas Seminary, Executive Director of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts) for his kind attention to my questions concerning historical and textual questions; and to Dr. Walter C. Kaiser Jr. (Gordon-Conwell Seminary) for taking time to discuss with me some of the difficult issues related to the text of the Old Testament. I am also grateful to Richard Averbeck (Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) for sharing with me some of his ongoing research concerning the early development of the Hebrew text. Special thanks is given to Ken Stanford, Operations Manager of World of the Bible Ministries, for research assistance, and for his and Mrs. Lori Davis’s help with the charts and tables. I especially wish to thank my friend and former professor Dr. Charles C. Ryrie, one of the foremost authorities on the Bible and especially the extant biblical manuscripts and versions, for writing the foreword. I also am grateful for the kind endorsements of Dr. Kenneth Barker and Dr. H. Wayne House, and those of Dr. Wallace and Dr. Kaiser. All of these have been my teachers through their own valuable writings. Finding sufficient seclusion to complete a manuscript is always a necessity for me, and I wish to thank Rev. Tommy and Sue Jenkins for the use of their home during some of the writing process. Leon and Linda Hewlett also graciously offered their hospitality and provided use of their “casita,” which enabled me to meet my deadline. Thank you both so much for your kindness and encouragement! I am grateful to the following friends for their photographic assistance or use of photos from their archives: Paul Streber (Qumran), Rick Schuler (Jerusalem), and Alexander Schick (Bibelausstellung Sylt, Germany). Appreciation is also given to the following institutions for permission to photograph or use photographs from their collections: Bible Society (Jerusalem), Cairo Museum, Coptic Museum (Cairo), British Museum/British Library (London), Freer Gallery of Art & Arthur M. Sackler Gallery (Washington, DC), Shrine of the Book (Jerusalem). I am also grateful to Bob Hawkins Jr. for his working with me when circumstances required the extension of our original publication schedule, to Paul Gossard for his editorial oversight of this project, and to the production staff of Harvest House Publishers for their skill at their craft. Finally, the dedication of time and attention necessary for each book 1 write only increases my love for my wife Beverlee and my now grown children and their spouses (Eric and Elisabeth Ream, Pavel and Eleisha Tabares, Erin Price, Jon Price, and Emilee Price), who have shared with me in different ways in the authorial process. Their own devotion to the Bible as the Word of God and diligence in following its precepts have been a constant joy in my life and a witness to the reality of its divine origin. May whatever use the Lord makes of its publication give a sense of reward to each who have in some way helped bring it to life. Contents List of Photographs 9 List of Charts 10 Foreword by Dr. Charles Ryrie 11 Why Believe the Bible? 13 Part One: Searching for Evidence of the Original Bible 1. Why Does It Matter? 19 2. What Do We Mean by the “Original Bible”? 31 3. What Happened to the Original Bible? .. .. 45 4. Witnesses to the Original Old Testament .. 55 5. Witnesses to the Original New Testament . 77 Part Two: Searching for the Reliability of the Original Bible 6. Can We Trust the Text of the Old Testament?. 87 7. Can We Trust the Text of the New Testament? 109 Part Three: Searching for the Truth About the Original Bible 8. Are Books Missing from Our Bible? 129 9. Who Decided What Books Went into the Bible? .... 141 10. Has the Truth About Jesus in the Original Gospels Been Lost? 159 11. What the New Gospels Say About the Christian Faith 177 12. Do We Have Now What They Had Then? 195 Part Four: Searching for the Restoration of the Original Bible 13. Can the Original Bible Be Recovered?..................... 211 14. What Should We Believe About the Original Bible? 239 Notes ................................................. 263 Acknowledgments for Photographs 279 Recommended Reading ................. 281 Person Index ..................................... 285 Subject Index ................................... 287 List of Photographs Replica of stone tablet containing the Ten Commandments 37 Author in genizah of the Jewish synagogue at Masada 50 Page of Aleppo Codex 58 Page of Codex Leningradensis 60 Nash Papyrus 61 Author in Dead Sea Scroll Cave 4 at Qumran 62 Dead Sea Scroll Cave 1 at Qumran................................................................. 64 Biblical Dead Sea Scroll (Psalm scroll) from cave 11 65 Septuagint, Codex Vaticanus 68 Septuagint, Codex Sinaiticus 69 Page of Codex Alexandrinus 70 Samaritan priests with Samaritan Pentateuch at Mt. Gerizim, Shechem ... 71 Syriac Peshitta 75 Reproduction of earliest portion of Gospel of John (from Rylands Papyri).. 78 Portion of Gospel of John (from Bodmer Papyri) 78 Earliest copy of Jude and 1 and 2 Peter (from Bodmer Papyri) 79 Codex Vaticanus: close-up of John 1:1-14..................................................... 80 Codex Sinaiticus 80 Konstantin von Tischendorf 81 Greek Orthodox monks with codex at St. Catherine’s Monastery at Mt. Sinai 81 Silver amulet inscribed with the oldest text of the Hebrew Bible 92 Tools of the scribe............................................................................................ 96 Name of God (YHWH) in paleo-Hebrew script in Hebrew Dead Sea Scroll biblical manuscript 98 Constantine, first Christian Emperor of Rome 155 Papyrus codices containing Gnostic documents from Nag Hammadi 160 Gospel of Thomas from Nag Hammadi 178 Four Gospels (Codex Washingtonensis) 212 Temple Mount (Jerusalem, Israel), possible site of hidden manuscripts ... 214 Remains of a Byzantine church, Pella (now in Jordan), possible site of hidden manuscripts 215 For photograph credits and source information, see “Acknowledgments for Photographs’’ at the end of this book. List of Charts Witnesses to the Text of the Hebrew Bible....................................... 56 Biblical Manuscripts of the Dead Sea Scrolls................................... 63 Textual Alignment of the Dead Sea Scrolls with the Masoretic Text 66 Sources for the Critical Text of the Hebrew Bible........................... 76 Sources for the Critical Text of the New Testament........................ 84 Local Text Family Theory................................................................. 98 Timeline for the Development of the Hebrew Text.......................... 103 External Evidence for the New Testament Text................................ 112 Dates of the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts.......................... 113 Manuscript Evidence for Ancient Writings...................................... 114 Books of the Apocrypha I Books of the Pseudepigrapha / Sectarian Documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls.................1..3..4....... Books Included by Judaism and Christianity.................................. 149 Gnostics and Gnosticism................................................................... 167 Orthodoxy and Heresy in the Early Church................................... 188 Rules for the Scribe........................................................................... 199 Jewish and Christian Divisions of the Bible..................................... 205 Scribal Tendencies that Produced Textual Variants.......................... 217 Textual Criticism Timeline............................................................... 222 Process of New Testament Textual Transmission........................... 228 The Principles (Canons) of Internal Criticism............................... 230 Foreword by Dr. Charles Ryrie New School. Higher criticism. Textual criticism. The Jesus Seminar. The Judas Gospel. Gnosticism. Postmodernism. The Apocrypha. Inerrancy. What do they mean? Should we be concerned about them? How do they affect our attitude toward and our understanding of the Bible? In this important book, Dr. Price deals with these matters for a variety of readers. Those who affirm inerrancy, those who are less certain of it or even what it means, those who outright deny it, those who do not know or ignore the wealth of evidence for the preservation and transmission of the biblical text, and those who are indifferent or uniformed about these issues—all of them need to read this excellent work. Thorough research, informative sidebars, charts, photographs, and clear writing all combine to make this book a significant, up-to-date defense of the inerrancy and reliability of our Bible. How anyone could read this book without having more confidence in the accuracy and dependability of the biblical text we have today would be a mystery to me. —Charles Caldwell Ryrie July 2007 11 I !. 1

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