Seamanship Techniques. Shipboard and Maritime Operations

739 Pages·2004·26.16 MB·English

by  D.J. House (Auth.)

PREFACE TO 1ST EDITION (PART ONE)
This single volume edition of general seamanship provides a comprehensive
cover to the needs of marine students and serving seafarers. It si ideal for
Merchant Navy Officers from Cadet rank to Master Mariner and incorp-
orates all recent amendments to collision regulations.
In changing times the design and build of ships has altered and the
needs of the professional mariner must be adapted to meet these modern
times. However, old vessels do not disappear overnight and the old practices
of basic seamanship are still required in lla quarters of the globe. The prac-
tical seaman must adapt alongside a developing hi-tech industry and be able
to improvise when the need arises.
This work takes account of many types of vessel engaged on many
commercial trades and si expected to continue to be the accepted refer-
ence on general seamanship. It incorporates lla the subjects required by the
professional mariner, including: anchor work, rigging, cargo work, survival
and boatwork, communications, search and rescue practice, watchkeeping,
meteorology, marine instruments, tanker work and pollution, together
with marine emergencies and ship handling.
The marine industry si demanding in nature. It absorbs not only the
ships which create its very existence, but also the personalities of the pro-
fessional men and women cast within its perimeter. It has been my great
fortune to have made the acquaintance of a number of these professionals,
without whose teaching and understanding this work could never have
evolved. My personal thanks are sincerely given, especially to the following:
J.W. Riley, Lt, Cdr (SCC, K1NK1 1Zetd)
Mr A. .K1 Ollerton, Senior Lecturer, Nautical Studies, Master Mariner,
DMS, AMBIM
Mr J. Finch, Senior Lecturer, Nautical Studies, Master Mariner and to
my wife Lucia,just for being there.
PREFACE TO 31KD EDITION
Since the first edition of pihsnamaeS ,seuqinhceT many facets of modern
seamanship have been caused to change, considerably. New equipment
lines have influenced procedures, new legislation has altered legal con-
cepts, while the overall design of ships' hulls have provided a potency to
what, for many years, was a staid and traditional industry.
Equipment and methods of operation have clearly been changed to suit
an age of technology. Electronic Charts are rapidly turning the face of navi-
gation, while major advances with AIS andVDR units are encroaching on
the practice of collision avoidance. Highspeed craft have influenced all
aspects of the industry. Fortunately, such refinements are envisaged to make
a more effective and safer environment for our seafarers.
Decisions about the format of this revised edition had to be taken to
retain the old terms, for historical use, or jettison obsolete topics in favour
of bringing the text into the twenty-first century. As the author, I realised
that many readers use sections of the book for reference, while the mod-
ern marine student requires up-to-date modern information. I would like
to think that the optimum balance has been taken, with some of the dated
procedures being reduced or eliminated, while the new ideas for today's
seafarers have been incorporated.
Tomorrow's ships will be driven by the principles of today's seafarers.
While the safety of life at sea must still prevail, it si anticipated that our
maritime heritage will continue to steer a course of prosperity for all on
the high seas.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to the following for
their assistance in supplying diagrams, photographs and information rele-
vant to this work:
Additional artwork by A. Benniston
AFA- Minerva Ltd., Marine and Offshore Division
AGA Spiro Ltd
Anker Advies Bureau b.v.
Anschutz & Co., GMBH
Ateliers et Chantiers de Bretagne- ACB
Beaufort Air-Sea Equipment Ltd
British Ropes Ltd
Bruce Anchor Ltd
Bruntons (Musselburgh) Ltd
Butterworth Systems (UK) Ltd
C.M. Hammar Handels A.B.
evitaerC Ropework (published by .G Bell & Sons Ltd) by
Stuart E. Grainger
Dubia dry docks
Dunlop Beaufort Canada
Dunlop Ltd
E & FN Spon Ltd for references from ograC sseccA Equipment
E.H. Industries Ltd.
Elkem a/s Stalog Tau
Elliott Turbomachinery Ltd/White Gill Bow Thrusters
ER. Fassmer & Co.
ER. Hughes & Co., Ltd
General Council of British Shipping
General Council of British Shipping/MNTB
Heien - Larssen A/S
Henry Brown & Son Ltd
HM Coastguard- Maritime Rescue Sub Centre Formby, Liverpool
HMSO- British Crown Copyright Reserved
Holland Roer- Propeller, The Netherlands.
Hydrographic Department of the Navy
I.C. Brindle & Co.
Imtech Marine and Industry, The Netherlands
J.M.Voith GmbH
James Robertson & Sons, Fleetwood
John Cairns Ltd (for extracts from the lanoitanretnI Manual
of Maritime Safety and The .S O.S. Manual)
Kelvin Hughes Ltd, Naval & Marine Division of Smiths Industries
Aerospace
Lisnave Estaleiros Navais, S.A.
xvi Acknowledgments
Litton Marine Systems
Lloyds Beal Ltd.
Macgregor & Co. (Naval Architects) Ltd
Maritime and Coastguard Agency
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Shimonoseki Shipyard and
Machinery Works
MPJ Waterjets, Sweden
Negretti & Zambra (Aviation) Ltd
NEI Clarke Chapman Ltd, Clarke Chapman Marine
P & O European (Irish Sea) Ferries
Pains Wessex Schermuly Ltd
DFK1 Inflatables Ltd
Schilling Rudders
Siebe Gorman & Company Ltd
Sperry (Marine Systems) Ltd
Stanford Maritime Ltd for references from ehT Apprentice and His Ship
(Charles H. Cotter)
Stanford Maritime Ltd., for references from Tugs by Captain
Armitage and from Basic Shiphandling for Masters & Mates, by
RE Willerton
The British Broadcasting Corporation
The Motor Ship (published by IPC Industrial Press Ltd)
The Motor Ship (published by IPC Industrial Press Ltd)
The Nautical College, Fleetwood- Lancashire Education
Committee
The Solid Swivel Company Ltd
The Welin Davit & Engineering Company Ltd
Thomas Mercer Chronometers Ltd
Thomas Walker & Son Ltd
United States Coastguard
Wagner Engineering Associates Ltd
Watercraft Ltd- Survival Craft Division
Westland Helicopters Ltd.
Whessoe Systems and Controls Ltd
Whittaker Corporation - Survival Systems Division
Additional yhpargotohP
Capt.J.G. Swindlehurst Master Mariner (MN)
Capt. K. Millar. Master Mariner (MN)
Mr. A.P.G. House. (Research Assistant)
Mr. .G Edwards. Ch/Eng., (retd)
Mr. .I Baird Ch/Off (MN)
Mr.J. Legge 2nd/Officer (MN)
Mr. J. Roberts 2nd/Officer (MN)
Mr. M. Croft. ts1 Officer (MN)
Mr. M. Gooderman. Master Mariner (MN), BSc.
Mr. RE Singh Ch/Off (MN)
Mr. Z.Anderson CH/Off (MN)
Additional ecnatsissA
Mr. E. Hackett. Senior Lecturer, Nautical Studies
Mr. C.D. House (I.T. Consultant)
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
David House has written extensively on marine disciplines and has, to
date, twelve maritime titles to his credit including: retpocileH snoitarepO ta
,aeS Anchor ,ecitcarP Marine Ferry ,stropsnarT Dry Docking, ograC Work, and
noitagivaN for Masters (3M Edition).
His works draw on a sea-going background on the following types of
vessel: General cargo, container, reefer, dredger, passenger liner, ferry,
Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax and some warship experience.
David House si a Senior Lecturer to all grades of marine students at the
Fleetwood Nautical Campus in the North West of England.
ABBREVIATIONS
Search and rescue abbreviations nac eb found on p. 541 at the end of Chapter 16.
AB Able Seaman CIE International
ABS American Bureau of Commission on
Shipping Illumination
A.C. )i( Admiralty Class (Cast) CL Centre Line
A.C. (ii) Alternating Current cm Centimetres
ACV Air Cushion Vessel CMG Course Made Good
AHV Anchor HandlingVessel CML Centre of Maritime
AIS Automatic Identification Leadership (USA)
Systems CMS Constantly Manned
ALRS Admiralty List of Radio Station
Signals CNIS Channel Navigation
AMD Advanced Multi-Hull Information Service
Design CO (alt. Ch.Off) Chief O~cer
AMIRIS Advanced Maritime CO2 Carbon Dioxide
Infrared Imaging System COG Course Over Ground
AMVER Automated MutualVessel C of B Centre of Buoyancy
Reporting system C of G Centre of Gravity
APP Aft Perpendicular COl Certificate of
ARCS Admiralty Raster Chart Inspection sa( issued
Service by USCG)
ARPA Automatic Radar ColRegs The Regulations for
Plotting Aids the Prevention of
ATT Admiralty Tide Tables Collisions at Sea
AUSREP Australian Ship COW Crude Oil Washing
Reporting system C/P Charter Party
Aux Auxiliary CPA Closest Point of
Approach
B Position of the Centre of CPP Controllable Pitch
Buoyancy Propeller
B/A Breathing Apparatus CPR Cardiac Pulmonary
B/L Bill of Lading Resuscitation
BP )i( Between Perpendiculars CQR Chatham Quick
BP (ii) British Petroleum Release )?(
B.S. British Standards CRS Coast Radio Station
BS Breaking Strain CSH Continuous Survey
BST British Summer Time Hull
BT Ballast Tank CSM Continuous Survey
BV BureauVeritas Machinery
CSP Commencement
cc Corrosion Control (LR- Search Pattern
notation) CSS (code) IMO code of Safe
CCTV Close Circuit Television Practice for Cargo
CD )i( Chart Datum Stowage and
CD (ii) Compact Disc Securing
CDP Controlled Depletion CSWP Code of Safe
Polymers Working Practice
CES Coast Earth Station CW Continuous Wave
CG Coast Guard cwt Hundred weight
snoitaiverbbA xix
Da Draught Aft ETV Emergency TowingVessel
DAT Double Acting Tanker EU European Union
dB Decibels
DB Double Bottom FFA Fire Fighting Appliances
DBC Dunlop Beaufort FLIR Forward Looking Infra
Canada Red
DC Direct Current FMECA Failure Mode Effective
DD Dry Dock Critical Analysis
Df Draught Forward .O.F Fuel Oil
DGN Dangerous Goods foap Forward of Aft
Note Perpendicular
DGPS Differential Global EPk. Fore Peak Tank
Positioning System FPSOs Floating Production
Disp Displacement Storage Ofloading
Dm Midships Draught system
DNV Det Norske Veritas FPV Fisheries Protection
DNV-W1 One Man Operation lesseV
(DNV notation) FRC Fast Rescue Craft
DOC(Alt.DoC) Document of FRD (Fwd) Forward
Compliance FSE Free Surface Effect
DP Dynamic Position FSMs Free Surface Moments
DPA Designated Person FSU Floating Storage Unit
Ashore FSW Friction Stir Welding
D.R. Dead Reckoning FSWR Flexible Steel Wire
DSC )i( Digital Selective Rope
Calling FU Follow Up
)ii( Dynamically .W.F Fresh Water
Supported Craft FWA Fresh Water Allowance
DSV Diving SupportVessel FWE Finished With Engines
DW )i( Dock Water
)ii( Deadweight .G Ships centre of gravity
DWA Dock Water slag Gallons
Allowance GG 1 That distance measured
d.w.t. Alt. (dwt) Deadweight Tonnage from the ships original
C of G, to a new
E East position of the ships
EBM (EBI) Electronic Bearing C of G
Marker GHz Gigahertz
EC European GL Germanischer Lloyd
Community GM Metacentric Height
ECDIS Electronic Chart GMDSS Global Maritime
Display and Distress and Safety
Information System System
ECR Engine Control GMT )z( Greenwich Mean Time
Room GPS Global Positioning
EEBDs Emergency Escape System
Breathing Device GRB Garbage Record Book
(IMO shipping by GRP Glass Reinforced Plastic
July 2002) grt (GT) ssorG Registered Tonnage
EFSWR Extra Flexible Steel GZ Ships Righting Lever
Wire Rope
ENC Electronic HDOP Horizontal Dilution of
Navigation Chart Precision
EPIRB Emergency Position HEX Hexagonal
Indicating Radio HF High Frequency
Beacon HFO Heavy Fuel Oil
ETA Estimated Time of H/L Heavy Lift
Arrival HLO Helicopter Landing
ETD Estimated Time of Officer
Departure HMS Her Majesty's Ship
xx Abbreviations
HMSO Her Majesty's Stationary IRF Incident Report Form
Office ISM International Safety
HMAS Her Majesty's Australian Management (code)
Ship ISO International
H.P. )i( Horse Power Organization of
)ii( High Pressure Standardization
HPFWW High Pressure Fresh ISPS International Port Facility
Water Wash Security (code)
HRN House Recovery Net ITP Intercept Terminal Point
HRU Hydrostatic Release ITU )i( International Transport
Unit Union
HSC High Speed Craft )ii( International
HSE Health and Safety Telecommunications
Executive Union
HSSC Harmonised System of IWS In Water Survey
Survey and Certification
Representative of the
position of the ships keel
I Intensity KG That distance measured
IACS International Association
from the Keel to the Ships
of Classification
C of G
Societies kg Kilogram
IALA International Association kHz kilohertz
of Lighthouse Jk kilo Joule
Authorities KM That distance measured
IAMSAR International
from the keel to the
Aeronautical and
Metacentre 'M'
Marine Search & kN Kilo Newton's
Rescue manual kts. Knots
IBC International Bulk kW Kilowatt
Chemical Code
ICAA International Civil Lat Latitude
Aviation Authority LBP Length Between
ICS International Chamber Perpendiculars
of Shipping sbl Pounds
I.E. Index Error LCB Longitudinal Centre of
I.ER. Instrument Flying Buoyancy
Rating LCD Liquid Crystal Display
I.G. Inert saG LCG Longitudinal Centre of
IGS Inert saG System Gravity
IHO International LCV Landing Craft lesseV
Hydrographic Office LFL Lower Flammable Limit
IIP International Ice Patrol LMC Lloyds Machinery
ILO International Labour Certificate
Organization LNG Liquid Natural saG
IMDG International Maritime LOA Length Overall
Dangerous Goods LOF Lloyds Open Form
(code) )egavlas(
IMO International Maritime Lo-Lo Load on, Load off
Organization Long Longitude
INF Irradiated Nuclear Fuel LP Low Pressure
INS Integrated Navigation LPG Liquid Petroleum saG
System LR Lloyds Register
IOPPC International Oil LSA Life Saving Appliances
Pollution Prevention LUT Land User Terminal
Certificate
IPMS Integrated Platform M Metacentre
Management System m meters
IPS Integrated Power MA Mechanical Advantage
System (Controllable MAIB Marine Accident
'Podded' propulsion) Investigation Branch
Abbreviations xxi
MARPOL Marine Pollution O/A Overall
(convention) OBO Oil, Bulk, Ore (Carrier)
mbs Millibars OiC Officer in Charge
MCA Maritime and Coastguard OIM Offshore Installation
Agency Manager
MCTC Moment to Change Trim OLB Official Log Book
1 Centimetre OMBO One Man Bridge
MEC Marine Evacuation Chute Operation
Medivac Medical Evacuation OOW Officer of the Watch
MEPC Marine Environment OPIC Oil Pollution Insurance
Protection Committee Certificate
MES Marine Evacuation System ORB Oil Record Book
MEWP Mobile Elevator Work O/S Offshore
Platform (Cherry Picker) OSC )i( On Scene Commander
MF Medium Frequency OSC (ii) On Scene Co-ordinator
(300 kHz to 3 MHz) OSV Offshore Standby
MFAG Medical First Aid Guide lesseV
(for esu with accidents
involving dangerous goods) P Port
MGN Marine Guidance Notice P/A Public Address System
MHR Mean Hull Roughness P & I (club) Protection & Indemnity
MHz Megahertz PEC Pilot Exemption
MIN Marine Information Certificate
Notice PHA Preliminary Hazard
MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Analysis
Identity Number P/L Position Line
MN Mercantile Marine ppm Parts per million
(Merchant Navy) PRS Polish Register of
MNTB Merchant Navy Training Shipping
Board PSC Port State Control
MoB Man over Board PSC & RB Personal Survival Craft
MODU Mobile Offshore Drilling & Rescue Boat
Unit isp Pounds per square inch
MPCU Marine Pollution Control pts Pints
Unit
m. rads Metre Radians
RAF Royal Air Force
MRCC Marine Rescue
RBD Return of Births and
Co-ordination Centre
Deaths
m/s metres per second
RCDS Raster Chart Display
MSC Maritime Safety
System
Committee (of IMO)
RCC Rescue Co-ordination
MSI Marine Safety
Centre
Information
R.D. Relative Density
MSL Mean aeS Level
RGSS Register General of
MSN Merchant Shipping
Shipping and Seaman
Notice
RINA Registro Italiano Navale
.V.M MotorVessel
(Classification Society-
MW Mega Watt
Italy)
RMC Refrigerated Machinery
N North Certificate
NE North East RMS Royal Mail Ship
NFU Non-Follow UP RN Royal Navy
nm Nautical Miles RNR Royal Navy Reserve
NOE Notice of Eligibility Ro-Pax lloR On-Roll Off
NP National Publication PassengerVessel
NUC Not Under Command Ro-Ro Roll On-Roll Off
NVE Night Vision Equipment RoT Rate of Turn
NVQ National Vocational ROV Remotely Operated
Qualification Vehicle
NW North West rpm Revolutions per minute
xxii Abbreviations
RS Reflected Sun TMC Transmitting Magnetic
RT Radio Telephone Compass
Rx Receiver TMCP Thermo-Mechanically
Controlled Processed
S South TPA Thermal Protective Aid
.S (Stbd) Starboard TPC Tons per Centimetre
SAR Search and Rescue TRC Type Rating Certificate
SARSAT Search and Rescue TRS Tropical Revolving Storm
Satellite TS True Sun
SART Search and Rescue TSS Traffic Separation Scheme
Transponder TWI The Welding Institute
SATCOM Satellite Communications Tx Transmitter
S.B.E. Stand By Engines
SBM Single Buoy Mooring U.A.E.
United Arab Emirates
SCBA Self Contained Breathing UHF
Ultra High Frequency
Apparatus UHP Ultra High Pressure
SE South East UK United Kingdom
SES )i( Ship Earth Station
UKC Under Keel Clearance
)ii( Surface Effect Ship UKOOA United Kingdom Offshore
E.S Stowage Factor
Operators Association
SFP Structural Fire Protection
UKOPP United Kingdom Oil
s.g. Specific Gravity
Pollution Prevention (cert)
s.h.p. Shaft Horse Power
ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier
.I.S Statutory Instrument
UMS Unmanned Machinery
SMC Safety Management
Space
Certificate UN ECE United Nations Economic
SMG Speed Made Good
Commission for Europe
SMS Safety Management USA United States of America
System USCG United States Coast Guard
SOG Speed Over Ground
UV UltraViolet
SOLAS Safety Of Life At Sea
(Convention)
SOPEP Ships Oil Pollution VCG Vertical Centre of Gravity
Emergency Plan VDR Voyage Data Recorder
SPC Self Polishing Copolymer VDU Visual Display Unit
(Anti-Fouling Paint) VFI Vertical Force Instrument
SPM Single Point Mooring VHF Very High Frequency
SQU )qs( Square VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier
SS Steam Ship VLGC Very Large Gas Carrier
SSA Ship Building & Ship VTMS lesseV Traffic Management
System
Repair Association
stbd. Starboard VTS lesseV Traffic Services
STCW Standards of Training,
Certification and W )i( West
Watchkeeping W )ii( Representative of Ships
S.W Salt Water Displacement
SWATH Small Waterplane Area W )iii( Watts
Twin Hull WAT Wing Assisted Trimaran
SWL Safe Working Load WBT Water Ballast Tank
SWR Steel Wire Rope WiG Wing in Ground
W/L Water Line
TBT Tributyltin WNA Winter North Atlantic
TCPA Time of Closest Point of WPC Wave Piercing Catamaran
Approach w.p.s. Wires per strand
TEMPSC Totally Enclosed Motor W/T )i( Wireless Telegraphy
Propelled Survival Craft )ii( Walkie Talkie radio
TEU Twenty foot Equivalent
Unit Greenwich Mean Time
Tk. Tank (GMT)
TLV Threshold Limit Value