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Scientific Amusements PDF

413 Pages·1935·19.37 MB·English
by  Tom Tit
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SCIENTIFIC AMUSEMENT BY TOM1~IT Translated From the French and Adapted by CARGILL G. KNOTT, O.Sc., LL.0 UNIVERSl1Y or EotNBURCH GmE&.u.Sll.CRErARY RovAJ.Socr£JY or El»_'<llURCN PREFACE THE fNCENIOUS e.'-periments and reaeations described by "Tom Tit ' in his three volumes of 1..1 Science Amusame ha'"' long delighted the young people of France. To present some of 1hcse in English gllfb, so that our youth might find therein ''-' great delight, is cl1e aim of u1is volwne. 'Ille most characteristic parts of lhe Second and Third Series of cliese fascinating glimpses into scientific 1ruth bave been considerably rearranged, and IO them have been added a fe\V nav e.xperin1ents and descriptions. In ITanslating and paraphrasing the contents of Tom Ti(s inimitable ~. I have tried IO prescr\'e the playful spirit of lhc original as well as iis fidelity IO tlie lrulhs of science. One pleasing feature of lhe whole method is lhe continual appeal to the manipulati"c skill of tl1e reader. There is al"rays son1ething to do or to construct., co test or to make to go. Let no one be content ,vjl.b n1ere reacling. C. G. KNO'!T T HE UNJVERSJ1'Y, EDINBURGH PART !.-PRACTICAL GEOMETRY. I. The Necessary Instruments 2. To divide a Square into Five Equal Squares 3. TI1e Square and Rectangle 4. TI1e Equilateral Triangle-TI1e Regular He.""S"n 5. The Pentagon and the Five-pointed Star 6. Sum of Angles ofa Triangle 7. The Trisection of an Angle 8. TI1e Square of the Hypotenuse 9. To Draw an Ellipse I 0. The Elliptic Compasses 11. To Trace an Oval ";th a Pair of Compasses 12. Construction of a Pa)>er Sphere J 3. 111e Paper Ladder J 4. A Paper Ladder by a Single Cut IS. Su1face of !he Sphere 16. TI1e Reclang!e and i1s Diagonals 17. To conslfUCla Hexogon by Finger P1ts5lu'e 18. '[be Five-Pointed &ar ,viiJ1 a Single Cul 19. ·n1e Seven Penl;).g()lls 20. •A Camel through lhe Needle's Eye 2 J. Circular into Rectilinear Motion 22. 'I11e Lrn::rsc Shado"~ 23. A Cylinder Transfonnecl into a Pyramid 24. By Two Cu1s to 01ru11,-e a Re..-.,ingle into a Square 25. 111e Ma.mmun E1ntlope 26. Puwe Squares 27. 111e Four Z:s and rhe Four L's 28. TI1e Uni,-ersal Plug PART II.· PHYSICAL FXPERIMENTS. I. WEIGHT AND .EQUILIBRIUM OF SOLIDS 29. The Obediem Egg-'111e Disobedient Egg 30. The Sawyer SJ. The Bird on u1e Bough 32. 'fbe Candles on d1e Christmas Tree SS. The Ring Rolling Up the Inclined Plane 34, Body Rolling Up Inclined Rails 35. The CancUe Sec-saw 36. TI1c Foucault PcndLuurn Il. EQUILIBRIUM OF FLUIDS: PRESSURE. 37. Superposed Liquids 38. The Principle of Archimedes 39. TI1e Principle of Archin1edcs (continued) 40. A Lumf>0fSugar Floating on Water 41. free lutercl1ange 42. Ma'<imurn Density Point of \.Vatcr 43. Deceptive Boiling 411. Density increased by Heating 45. The Fish that Dies illtd Lives Ag:iin 46. The Automatic l'l<tnger 47. The C:utcsian Diver 4S. C.vbooic Acid Gas Dcnsei· ~•an Air 49. The Oauaids' Reco''CfJ' .SO. TI1e Miniature Fowuain 5.l. Weiglu Supported by Auuospheric l'l·essure 52. TI1e Intermir.tem ~ountain 53. Water Trough for Po1~try 54. AJetof\'line Issuing from \.Vater 55. Hydraulic Paradox 56. The Vase of Tantalus ill. INERTIA AND MOMENTUM. 57. The Coin and the Paper Ring 58. Moment oflnertia 59. Recording of Mm'Clnents 60. TI1e Sphygmogroph 61. TI1e Conical PendLdum 62. Tbe Wall of Cords 63. Barker's Mill 64. TI1e Figure of die Earth 65. Oyn~tmics of F1-esb and Hard-boiled Es!," 66. 1ne Washing Out of Gold 67. A \>\'hirlpool iu a Carafe 68. The F.gg Spinning-top 69. The Principle of the Pulley - Block a Child Pulling Against Four Men 70. Lcvclling: l11e Watch Lc''CI 7 l. Review of u\e Fleet IV. CAPILLARITY AND SURF ACE TENSION. 72. Surface 1'eusion: Soap Bubbles and F"Jiros 73. ·n1e Sliding S1idge 74. Vil.ms with Fle.'1ble BolU>daries 75. 111e Gluttouous Matches 76. TI1e Surface Skin on Pure Water 77. Capillaricy 78. C1pillruy Attraction and Repulsion ·n,e 79. S11iichback Tr:ick 80. C1pi1Jary Rise Greater in die N:1trcmer Space 81. '!be Boy's Sucker: 111e Radish Lifter 82. Paper dipped in Ink, But Not Inked 83. Cohesion 84. The Rotating Spiral 85. The Camphor Mill 86. 111e Helix 87. Soap Films in a Conical Tube 88. Eleclrificarion of Soap Bubbles 89. The Flowers of Ice. 90. Thee Soap Bubbles One Within lhe Other 91. The Soap Bubble as an Air Blast 92. Two Bubbles Combining os One 93. TI1e Opening and Closing Flower 94. 111e Sphere in lhc Cylinder 95. Oae Bubble Rolling Inside Anoilicr V. ELASTICITY 96. The Pop-Gun 97. The Pea-shooter, or Shooting-Tube 98. 111e Leaping Coin 99. 111e AITectiooate Flame 100. 111cJumping Pen 101. A Modem Caiapult I 02. 'f'he Spring ofA ir I 03. 111e Candle Md TI1e Funnel VI. HEAT. I 04. E~'Pansion of Solid Rods I 0.5. The Bellows BI01•ing Hot or Cold l 06. 'lne Candle in the L'lmp Shade I 07. Partial Vacua produced by Heal I OS.. ·ri1e Broken Bottle made Serviceable I 09. \•\later Boiled "itl> Neither Fire nor Pan 110. The Boilingof\Varcr 111. TI1e Gliding Tumbler 112. Absorption of Hear 113. To Retard tl1e Rate ofC ooling 114. The Water Hammer: boiling Water by Cooling 115. Barker's Mill nith Steam VD.SOUND. 116. Vibrations ofa \Vme Glass 117. TI1c Musical Vifire I 18. The Mo.u1ing Rode I 19. A '1\ibophone" of Cardboard VIIl. OPTICS. J 20. ReO<:<:tioo of Ligb1 at tl1e Swface ofTr:ws1mem Bodies 121. TI1e ~1.'lgic Box 122. Coloured Shadows 123. Convex and Concave Lenses 124. 111e Buming Glass 125. An Optical lllusion: 111e Merry 111ough1 of a Duck 126. TI1e Bird in die Cige l 27. Difficult Reading Made Luy 12$. '!'he Phaniom Fonns 129. The Top as a Matcher ofT int< l 30. After ln>.iges l 3 l. TI1e Silvered Egg 132. Reflection and Refraction of Light I SS. Don Quixote's Delusion 134. lnterforence Bands: d1e Furrowed Images l 35. Ne"ton's Rings 136. The Con verging Arcs IX. ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM. J,37. The Electrified Tumbler 138. The Electroscope 139. The Swinging Dice 140. Electric Shado"' 141. 'fi1c Boxer <md ~·1e Kani;;troo 142. R·otation of a Ring Before a Magnet PART ill.-RECREATIONS-AND TRICKS. 143. The Tiueatening Scissors 144. Multiple Titreading of a Needle 145. The Trial of Patience 146. To 0.1t Class "i~1 Scissors 147. Left-H;uided Writing and Ora"ing I •18. TI1e Immovable Coin 149. Finger Gymnastics ·nie 150. Automatic £.,'tinguisher 151. Nutcrackers 152. Candle--•':l~ Lilies 153. The Mysterious Bottle 154. A Night-Light of Horse Chesmut 155. The P:i_radoxical Coupling 156. Paper Puppets 157. TI1e Lively Puppets 158. TI1e Treacherous Cbss of'vVater 159. Tbe Shuttlecock Parachutes 160. TI1e Boomerang 16 J. The Holling Dice 162. \l\lriting on lht Forehead 163. 'n1e Knotted Cord 164. Card Arrangements 165 Tbe To,,er of Hanoi I 66. Hunning the Foxto Earth 167. A Stable Lantern J68. A Carriage Lamp 169. l11c Bottle Bell I 70. Chen1·-.oone Chains I 71 . The Bean Tric 172. TI1e Snare L7 3. The Knife ia the Tree 174. 1ne Napkin and the Chair 175. ·n1e lmpalp.~ble Cord 176. The K~-y scl Free 177. T'q;htecing Iron \.Yirc 178. 't11e Calle1y of Vesta Freaks

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