Science & Technology China

52 Pages·8.7 MB·English

by  United States Joint Publications Research Service

PRS Report—
Science & §
Technology
China
Science & Technology
China
JPRS-CST-91-002 CONTENTS 16 January 199]
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY
Intellectual Rights Must Be Protected /CHINA DAILY, 13 DOC QO] coccccccccccccccccccccecsceseeeseseneeeenseeeeeeeneees
Soviet Link to Aid Ocean Studies /Wang Rong; CHINA DAILY, 23 Nov QO] oocccccccccccccccccccccees. coccuuueeweees
DEFENSE R&D
Tank Simulator Offers High-Tech Target Practice /Li Sheng; CHINA DAILY, 18 Dec 90] ......ccccccccccccees
ADVANCED MATERIALS
World-Record Magnetic Energy Product for Nd-Fe-B _— Material
[Hu Zuo; KEJI RIBAO, 6 Dec 90). ssasakueasepuucesshsreremtess sunnsees
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Studies on the Synthetic Method of 2°, 3’-Dideoxynucleosides
{Li Yingfu, Yi Changhou; SICHUAN DAXUE XUEBAO [JOURNAL OF SICHUAN
UNIVERSITY—NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION], Vol 27 No 4, NOV QO] coccccccccccccccccccccccceseeceeseeeeeeeeeeeens
Comparison of Three Methods for Screening Aflatoxin-Producing Strains
[Wang Zhigang, Tong Zhe, et al; ZHONGHUA YUFANG YIXUE ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE], Vol 24 No 5S, Sep QO] .....cccccccccccccccccssecccesscecssceessseeessceseeseceneeceneeeeeueeeeeneueeeeees
The Natural Infection Rate of Mosquitoes by Japanese Encephalitis B Virus in Yunnan Province
[Zhang Hailin, Zi Dengyun, et al; ZHONGHUA YUFANG YIXUE ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE], Vol 24 No 5, Sep QO] ....ccccccccccccccccccccccesececesseceeessecceseeceseeeseeeecteeeeneneeeeeeeeeceees
Study on Natural Infection of Epidemic Haemorrhagic Fever Virus in Leptotrombidium scutellare
[Zhang Yun, Dou Rui, et al; ZHONGHUA YUFANG YIXUE ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE], Vol 24 No 5, Sep QO] ........cccccssscccsssssccessscccsccessnecsencssscscssscceesecesseeesssseeesessens
Survey of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sphaericus from Soils of Four Provinces of China and
Their Principal Biological Properties
[Li Rongsen, Dai Shunying, et al; WEISHENGWU XUEBAO [ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA],
FO FFD, GE UN aise ccensaecs sa enencn es cere reaper pecastere strep ernest neeeans costo ncnemasieenenanaaeaas
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay of Larvicidal Toxic Proteins of Bacillus Sphaericus Ts-1
[Wang Jian, Ren Gaixin, et al; WEISHENGWU XUEBAO [ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA],
OE Fe IOS, GE TD oasis ecinsacsscsasncdussvcseinexinsesesitspaaudenssancasancsrndednennevanasnsadencissiesnbscipoenvcetiixveaemanreaninsvsess
The Location of Nodulation Genes in Rhizobium Astragali
[Wei Hui, Li Fudi, et al; WEISHENGWU XUEBAO [ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA],
PE ee TD TE TN ascii ceases ens tere tenn ten tren drt edad edness an ot ences ean
Construction of Frankia Genomic Libraries and Isolation of Clones Homologous to Nodulation Genes
from Rhizobium leguminosarum
[Cui Yuhai, Qin Min, et al; YICHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA GENETICA SINICA], Vol 17 No 5, Oct 90] . 6
Stability and Gene Expression of Foreign Plasmid in Bacillus subtilis BF7658
[Geng Yungqi, Jiang Ruzhang, et al; YICHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA GENEFTICA SINICA,]
WO EOD, COU GO anise inane da tances sic csn sass cinta pany ces teas career necator eee eevaas isan
Cloning and Expression of E. coli Glucose Isomerase Gene in Streptomyces lividans
[Tan Huarong, He Song, et al.; YICHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA GENETICA SINICA],
OE AF FO Ay ME Pieces p ene v esta tssneesevcpes tenner siesereseprssnspeconceerteseaseoanseencavusinaaovsreatecpmnitinnintiansenagaaie
Location of the PSIIP680 ChlaAP Gene in the Chloroplast Genome of Rice
[Zhu Jiahui, Li Jigeng, et al; Y'CHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA GENETICA SINICA],
POE D7 FOS, SOOE FO sich csscecavas pensive taee pntn ta eccnaeninechsanets axonanattuetosacnentestgnaen ncaatsnstaiaensiasissmseinseetbsinttneons
Construction of a Gene Library and Screening of the Growth Hormone Gene from Sheep
[Ren Zhaojun, Feng Qihui, et al; SHENGWUHUAXUE YU SHENGWUWULI XUEBAO [ACTA
BIOCHIMICA et BIOPHYSICA SINICA], Vol 22 No 5, Sep QO] ..cccccccccccccccccsccessceessesseessecesseeeseeeeesteeeeeeens
JPRS-CST-91-002
16 January 1991 China
~~
The Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotides Activate PHOS-lacZ Fusion Gene Expression
[Zhu Shengzu, Yu Qin, et al; SHENGWUHUAXUE YU SHENGWUWULI XUEBAO
[ACTA BIOCHIMICA et BIOPHYSICA SINICA], Vol 22 No 5S, Sep 90] wae |
Structural Analysis of Oligosaccharides from Ricinus communis Agglutinin
[Gu Xin, Sun Ce, et al; SHENGWUHUAXUE YU SHENGWUWULI XUEBAO [ACTA BIOCHIMICA
et BIOPHYSIC 4
SINICA], Vol 22 No5 , Sep YO) — seeeuyewens 8
Second Generation Artificial Blood Developed in Shanghai
[Jiang Shuzhi; WEN HUI BAO, 3 Nov 90]. ........... we: ©
Immobilized-Living-Cell Fermentation Technique Developed
[Wang Kexiang, Sui Rui; BEIJING KEJI BAO, 24 Nov 90]. ..... yuees x
Advances in Fermentation Engineering /Li Xigen; KEJI RIBAO, 5 Nov 90) vim ©
Snake Venom Research Organizations /SHEZH1/ 15 Sep 90) | . crepes teieeanantans 9
COMPUTERS
Neural Network Expert Systems and Their Application in Nuclear Reactor Fault Diagnosis
[Yang Yiping, Tai Juwei; DIANZI XUEBAO, Nov 90] ................. | | paeeienesenias 10
FACTORY AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS
Development of New Robots Described_........ Srajnnwosuaeess 1]
Underwater Robots Made by CAS [Zhou Wi onlet BE TING KE JT B 10, 4 Oct 90) versie 14
Intelligent Robot Debuts in Tianjin /Xu Qianwei, Liu Youlin; WEN HUI BAO, 1 Nov 90] ........... 12
LASERS, SENSORS, OPTICS
Application of TMS320 Parallel Processing Technology for Ground Surveillance Radar Signal
Processing /Jian Ming, Dai eg dl DIANXUN JISHU, Vol 30 No 3, Jun QO) cocccccccccccccccceceeeeeettseeeeeeee 13
Electrostatic Free-Electron-Laser Wiggler
[Wang Qingyuan; DIANZI KEXUE XUEKAN, Vol 12 No 5, Sep 90] ........... Leteceeee 14
New Speed Sensor for Tanks, Missiles, Aircraft Developed /Li Jing; KEJI RIB 10. 2? Oct 90) sabusanseseas 16
Field-Emission Micro-Analysis System Developed /Liu Zhiwei; KEJI RIBAO, 14 Oct 90] o......cccccccccce. 16
Warship-Borne Satellite Cloud Imagery Receiver Developed /Xu Wenhua; KEJI RIBAO, 18 Oct 90]. 17
Ultraharmonic Mixer Technology Applied to Laser Detection /Yue Zigiang; KEJI RIBAO, 16 Oct 90) _ 17
Optical-Waveguide-Fiber Industrial Endoscope /Chen Yu; KEJI RIBAO, 6 Oct 90) .o......cc..ccccccccccceseeeeee. 17
Key State Lab for Sound-Field Acoustic Information Technology Opened to Chinese, Foreign
Researchers /Liu Qin; KEJI RIBAO, 4 Nov 90] o....cc.ccccccccceceee eeneieeeenases edusanssaneeeespexievasetisinessesen 17
Magneto-Optical Pulse Current Measurement Apparatus Developed
[Xin Wen; BEIJING KEJI BAO, 27 Oct QO] .........ccccccccccccccccececceceeceeees 7 sgatenseegent: pavesipeerseeses 18
FIR Laser Photoacoustic Detection System
[Su Jinwen, Xiong Shouren, et al; HONGWAI YANJIU, No 4, AUg QO] cocccccccccccccccccccccccccceeee ceeeeeeeesseeeeees 19
MICROELECTRONICS
GaAs/GaAlAs Quantum Confined Stark Effect, Self Electro-Optic Bistable Effect
[Wu Ronghan, Duan Hailong, et al; BANDAOTI XUEBAO, No9 , Sep QO] c.ccccccccccccccecccccecesesesteesssseesseeee 22
Interferometric Autocorrelation Measurements of Subpicosecond Optical Pulses From
|.3-Micron-Wavelength InGaAsP Diode Laser
[Jia Gang, Sun Wei, et al; BANDAOTI XUEBAO, No 9, Sep 90]. a 26
High-T. Oxide Granular Superconductor Current-Injection Three- Terminal Devices Fabricated. Studied.
/Tang Zudun and Jiang Jianfei; DIANZI XUEBAO, Vol 18 No 5, Sep 90]. ........ ern: |
Achievements of CAS Optoelectronics Institute Profiled
[Zhu Yonggang and Deng Xianchun; ZHONGGUO JISHU SHICHANG BAO, 6 Oct 90] coccccccccccccecceeess 33
New Magnetron RIE Equipment Developed /Guo Kun; KEJI RIBAO, 24 Oct 90]. ..... aise oo
New Test Instrument for Satellite Navigation Receivers Developed
[Liu Shiguang and Zhao Jin; KEJI RIBAO, 17 Oct QO] cocccccccccccccccccceecceceeceees — tecleuesueucias 34
Fuzzy-Relation Equation-Solving Circuit Realized with SCMAIC
[Lin Weiping; DIANZI XUEBAO, Vol 18 No 5, Sep 90] ...ccccccccccccccccccecceee. Witenes: oe
JPRS-CST-91-002
16 January 1991 3 China
PHYSICS
Chinese Physicists Comment on Cold Fusion Developments /BEIJING KEJI BAO, 20 Oct 90] .........005: 37
Controlled Fusion Research Update /Zhao Xiaoyan; BEIJING KEJI BAO, 30 Oct QO] occccccccccccceceeeeeseeees 37
Studies of Raman Free Electron Laser by Optical Klystron Configuration
[Chen Jizhong, Wang Mingchang, et al.; WULI XUEBAO, No 9, Sep 90] ........ccccccccccceececeesseeeesseeeeenneeeenes 38
Design, Construction of BES Main Drift Chamber of BEPC
[Ma Jimao, Mao Huishun, et al; GAONENG WULI YU HE WULI, Sep 90] .........cccccccccesceesseeseeesseeeeeees 38
JPRS-CST-91-002
16 January 1991 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY 1
Intellectual Rights Must Be Protected Many countries regularly revise their legislation to keep
9]FE0204B Beijing CHINA DAILY in English in step with international progress.
13 Dec 90 p 4
But in China it takes several years from the initial
drafting to the adoption of a new law. Meanwhile, laws
[Text] If wealth referred mainly to land in ancient times are not adequately enforced.
and machines in modern times, it lies largely in intellec-
There are three departments in charge of patent, trade
tual achievements in today’s society.
mark and copyright protection in China. All such affairs
are under just one agency in many other countries.
In fact, the protection of intellectual property has
become a major concern in China. Considerable inconvenience has resulted in the field of
international co-operation as a result of differences in
The nation’s legislative body, the National People’s the systems, Tang complained.
Congress, has approved three laws involving intelleciual
In actual fact, he said, some protective measures
property, on patent, trademark, and copyright in recen!
regarding the nation’s foreign trade are no different from
years.
the international conventions—only administrative pro-
In the hope of promoting the upgrading of domestic tection has to be replaced with legal means.
technology and international trade and co-operation
Despite the existing laws concerning intellectual prop-
three senior scholars discussed the different perspectives
erty, the violation of property rights is still rife. Hence
on the protection of intellectual property in China
the question now is how to enforce the laws effectively,
during a recent interview with GUANGMING DAILY.
Tang said.
When the highly centralized national economy first
With foreign trade increasing, there have been more and
broke out of the Soviet model and showed an interest in
more complaints and inquiries from the foreign side
foreign technology and investment, it faced an over-
involving the three laws. Meanwhile, there have been
whelming demand for legislation meant to safeguard
international treaties which involve two or more kinds of
intellectual property. intellectual property.
When the nation’s lawmakers set out to draft the patent The country might suffer economic losses if its different
law in 1979, opinions differed alarmingly, according to
departments in charge of intellectual property produce
Tang Zongshun, consultant to the State Council and conflicting answers to the same questions, according to
vice-chairman of the China branch of the International Zheng Chengsi, a research fellow with the Chinese
Association for Intellectual Property Protection.
Academy of Social Sciences and director of the China
branch of the International Association of Industrial
Some people insisted that socialist enterprises should not
Property Rights Protection.
adopt patents. Still others held that the making of a
patent law would largely benefit foreigners because there There must also be proper co-ordination in the making,
were fewer inventions in China. revision and explanation of laws in order to eliminate
conflicts, Zheng appealed.
But all those worries have proved unnecessary, Tang
said. There are some widely-accepted principles in the field of
international intellectual property protection. Every
While providing protection for patent owners, the law country strives to obtain the greatest benefit within the
has also allowed the government to co-ordinate domestic limits of international conventions. This seems even
patent affairs. This administrative power is expected to more imperative in China’s case, Zheng said.
prevent monopolies of technology while safeguarding
patent ownership, according to Tang. China has done more than its laws have promised in
protecting intellectual property. For example, the patent
To the lawmakers’ surprise, the law has stirred up law does not acknowledge the international convention
unprecedented enthusiasm for the introduction of inven- that patent owners enjoy the right to ban others from
tions and technical innovations throughout the country. importing the same products as theirs. This has been
criticized by foreigners as violation of international
It is at the same time a strong incentive for foreigners conventions. But in fact, the patent law bestows on
who previously maintained a wait-and-see attitude due patent owners the right to prohibit others from using, or
to the lack of patent protection in the Chinese market. selling, their products. This is no different from prohib-
More and more foreign firms have been attracted to the iting others from importing the same products. There-
country, bringing funds as well as technology. fore, Zheng said, the disregard of the convention is
merely nominal in the law. The problem can be solved
However, Tang said, the nation has to do more to catch easily through a slight rewording.
up with advanced countries in this field. Now that the
nation is attempting to adopt international standards, it Guo Shoukang, professor of law and chairman of the
must make immediate efforts to narrow the gap. Intellectual Property Protection Teaching and Research
JPRS-CST-91-002
2 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY 16 January 1991
Centre of the Chinese People’s University, called for He said China and the Soviet Union would co-operate in
more detailed regulations and stricter enforcement of the a wide range of fields, from marine physics and geology
existing laws. to information exchange and instrument development.
Co-operation would follow the principles laid down by
the agreement, which was valid for five years.
Soviet Link to Aid Ocean Studies
Sino-Soviet co-operation, he said, was based on the
91FE0204A Beijing CHINA DAILY in English mutual interest in study of the western part of the North
23 Nov 90 p 1 Pacific which both countries bordered in the east, and of
the Kuroshio, a northward-moving warm current origi-
nating in waters near the tropics and heading into the
[Article by Wang Rong] Japan Sea.
[Text] China’s drive in promoting international co- Yan said the two countries could complement each other
operation in oceanic studies is to enter a new phase next in marine study.
year when Chinese oceanologists start working with their
China engaged mainly in the study of coastal waters, he
Soviet counterparts for the first time.
said, and could learn from the Soviet Union’s oceanic
The contracts for several co-operation projects in the research in geological structure, marine surveys,
area will be finalized next May when a group of Soviet charting, marine resources utilization and environ-
delegates come to Beijing, according to Yan Hongmo, mental protection. The country’s wealth of oceanic infor-
director of the State Oceanic Administration (SOA). mation would also be useful.
On the other hand, he said, the Soviet Union could profit
The contracts are the result of a bilateral agreement on
from China’s updated instrumeiuts, data processing tech-
co-operation in oceanic studies for peaceful purposes
niques and marine exploration technology.
which are signed in September in Moscow by the SOA
and the Soviet State Committee for Science and Tech- Meanwhile, Yan said the SOA was expecting its 10th
nology. foreign partner—Francc—from ongoing negotiations
between the two countries.
The agreement made the Soviet Union the SOA’s ninth
partner in oceanic studies for peaceful purposes, fol- “Oceanology can’t do without exchange,” he said. “And
lowing the United States, Germany, Japan, the Demo- China is willing to co-operate with other countries in
cratic People’s Republic ot Korea and four Latin Amer- pioeering and global oceanic studies, especially those
ican countries, Yan said. bordering the western part of the North Pacific.”
JPRS-CST-91-002
16 January 19°1 DEFENSE R&D 3
Tank Simulator Offers High-Tech Target Practice According to Liao Wenliang, the head of the research
40100019 Beijing CHINA DAILY in English group for the tank simulators, 15 TSM-2s have been put
18 Dec 90 p 5 into use in Chinese army units or schools in the past 3
years and they have been well received because of their
relatively low cost and high degree of realism.
{Article by Li Sheng]
Training on the TSM-2 costs only 1/270th as much as in
[Text] Looking through a telescope with your right hand
a real vehicle, while on the new TCM-! the cost is
holding on to a firing control gear, operating the TCM-1
1/2,500th of what the cost would be in a real tank, Liao
tank firing simulator is very much like playing a video
said. Because of limited funds, a tank gunner can only
game.
expect to fire four to six shells during his 2 or 3 years of
You feel as if you are in the real thing as you try to aim army service. But tank simulators can provide adequate
and fire at the moving targets while sitting in a tilting training at an affordable price, Liao said. In 1987, two
chair, listening to the gunfire. groups of gunners were trained separately on the TSM-2s
and the real tanks for a month and there was not a
Designed by the Beijing Special Vehicle Research Insti- significant difference in their results.
tute, the new TCM-1 is used to train the tank turret crew
in the hand!ing of turret controls and firing procedures. Last year the TSM-2 won a first-class award for military
Equipped with the latest laser and computer technology, technical achievement. This year it has been exported on
it has reached the level of advanced international! tank the international market at a price of $150,000. The
simulators. export model has adopted a new control system, which
has greatly improved the machine’s reliability and appli-
The tank’s elevation, deflection and other control gears cations.
are realistically simulated to allow trainees to practise
tracking, aiming and firing at moving as well as sta- More realistic and flexible, the new TCM-1 model is also
tionary targets. available for export now at a price of $500,000. Instead
of using ready-made slide pictures, it uses a laser disc to
The TCM-! is an improved version of TSM-2. Both are store and produce a firing drill background in front of
used for firing training of T-59, T-69, T-54 and T-54A the telescope and its computer creates targets that can
tank gunners, but with slight modifications, they can be move against the background and imitate being fired at
used for other types of tanks and guns. with life-like sounds and images.
The TSM-2 only takes one gunner at a time for firing The commander on the TCM-1 can observe the target
practice, while the more sophisticated TCM-1! can pro- area through a periscope and give orders to loaders and
vide teamwork training for the whole turret crew— gunners. The crew can feel the simulated barrel recoil
commander, gunner and loader. and its vibration just as in a real tank.
JPRS-CST-91-002
4 ADVANCED MATERIALS 16 January 1991
World-Record Magnetic Energy Product for vale of 415 KJ/m* (52.2 megagauss-oersteds), sur-
Nd-Fe-B Magnet Material passing the previously reported world record of 402
KJ/m° (50.6 megagauss-oersteds) set by Japanese
91P60066A Beijing KEJI RIBAO [SCIENCE AND
researchers.
TECHNOLOGY DAILY] in Chinese 6 Dec 90 p 1
Over the past three years, 52-year-old scientist Xie
[Article by Hu Zuo [5170 1563]: “Baotou Neodymium- Hongzu [6200 1347 4371] and his three approximately
Iron-Boron Permanent-Magnet Material’s Magnetic 30-year-old assistants, using domestically developed and
Energy Product Sets World Record”’} manufactured equipment, have perfected a low-
oxygen-supply technique for industrial-scale production
[Summary] Hohhot, 4 Dec—It has been learned from the of the material. In their experiments, all of the samples
Baotou Rare-Earth Research Institute (BREI) that—as had a magnetic energy product of 390 KJ/m’° or higher,
verified the other day by the China Institute of Metrol- with the best attaining the aforementioned value of 415
ogy—the magnetic energy product of the NdFeB perma- KJ/m*. BREI will begin industrial-scale production of
nent-magnet material developed by BREI has reached a the material next year [i.e., 1991].
y
JPRS-CST-91-002
16 January 1991 BIOTECHNOLOGY 5
Studies on the Synthetic Method of 2’, false negative and positive were discussed. It was sug-
3°’-Dideoxynucleosides gested that AM method be a safe, simple, and reliable
method for screening aflatoxigenic strains.
40091004N Chengdu SICHUAN DAXUE XUEBAO
[JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY—NATURAL
SCIENCE EDITION] in Chinese Vol 27 No 4, Nov 90 The Natural Infection Rate of Mosquitoes by
Dp 478 Japanese Encephalitis B Virus in Yunnan
Province
[Article by Li Yingfu [2621 5391 1381] and Yi 40091004L Beijing ZHONGHUA YUFANG YIXUE
Changhou [1707 2490 0624], Department of Chemistry] ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE] in Chinese Vol 24 No 5, Sep 90 p 267
[Abstract] A new synthetic route of 2’, 3’-
dideoxynucleosides which are now being clinically eval-
[Article by Zhang Halin [1728 3189 2651], Zi Dengyun
uated as treatment against AIDS is suggested and the
[5261 4098 0061, et al.; Yunnan Provincial Institute for
synthetic method of the dideoxynue-leosides prepared
Control and Research of Epidemic Diseases, Dali]
with tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol as the starting material is
reported. High optical purity (greater than 90 percent) [Abstract] In July-September 1983-1987, 57,898 adult
(S)-Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate was successfully obtained female mosquitoes belonging to 29 species of 8 genera
by the optical resolution of (plus or minus)- were collected from Japanese B encephalitis (JE) epi-
tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol with D-camphor-10-sulforyl
demic areas in Yunnan, China, and were examined by C
chloride. The radical chlorination of tetrahydrofurfuryl 6/36 cell method and sucking mouse method. Twenty-
acetate was investigated by use of'H-NMR and 5- eight strains of JE virus were isolated from Culex tritae-
o-acetyl-2, 3-dideoxypentofuyanoyl chloride, a new
niorhychus, C. whitomorei, C. pseudovishnui, C. fusco-
important intermediate prepared 2’, 3’- dideoxynucleo-
cephala, C. annulus, C. gelidus, Anopheles sinensis,
sides, was synthesised. For the intermediate, the effects Mansonia uniformis, Aedes albopictus, Ae. Vexans, Ae.
of changes in reaction time, temperature and mole ration
lineatopennis, and Ae. assamensis. The positive isola-
of reactants on the reaction products were determined, tion rates by the two methods were 6.19 percent and 3.33
the optimum conditions of the reaction were obtained percent respectively. The highest positive isolation rate
and the yield of 5-o-acetyl-2, 3-pentfaranoy! chloride
12.3 percent (per 100 pools), mosquito body virus carrier
could be increased up to 50 percent from 10 percent. The rate 1208 or mosquito body virus carrier rate 4.81
possibility of the further condensation with the bases of
percent (per 1000 mosquitoes) were found in the middle
nucleosides was also discussed. 10 days of August, corresponding to epidemic peak of
JBE Nine strains of JE virus were isolated from C
Comparison of Three Methods for Screening tritaeniorhynchus with an isolation rate of 7.44 percent
Aflatoxin-Producing Strains natural isolation ratio was 2.584 percent and mosquito
body virus carrier rate 1.71 percent. These results indi-
40091004M Beijing ZHONGHUA YUFANG YIXUE
cated that C. tritaeniorhynchus might be the main vector
ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE
of JE virus in Yunnan, while C. whitmorei, C. pseudov-
MEDICINE] in Chinese Vol 24 No 5, Sep 90 p 289
ishnui and An. sinensis are also important vectors of JE
virus in Yunnan.
[Article by Wang Zhigang [3769 1807 0474], Tong Zhe
[4547 5764], et al.; Zhejiang Institute of Food Safety
Study on Natural Infection of Epidemic
Control and Inspection, Hangzhou]
Haemorrhagic Fever Virus in Leptotrombidium
[Abstract] By using rice medium microcolumn method, scutellare
aflatoxin-producing ability medium dish method (APA 40091004K Beijing ZHONGHUA YUFANG YIXUE
method), A and M medium thin-layer chromato scanner ZAZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE
method (AM method), 76 strains of Aspergillus flavus MEDICINE] in Chinese Vol 24 No 5, Sep 90 p 263-264
from the foodstuffs in Zhejiang province were screened
for aflatoxin-producing strains, and which were con- [Article by Zhang Yun [1728 0061], Dou Rui [4535
firmed with thin-layer chromatography method. Using 5605], et al.; Institute of Military Medicine PLA, Nan-
the above three methods, aflatoxin-producing strains jing]
rates were detected respectively in 11.8 percent, 9.2
percent and 18.4 percent. Twenty aflatoxigenic strains [Abstract] Leptotrombidium (L.) scutellare was consid-
were determined positive by all three methods (26.3 ered to be the suspected vector of epidemic haemor-
percent). All three methods showed false negatives. The rhagic fever (EHF). In order to clarify the relationship
AM method and APA method both showed false posi- between this mite and EHF, from October to November
tives. The causes of false negatives and positives were 1988 and October of 1989, the larvae of this mite were
discussed and the accord-rate of AM method with other collected from rats in areas with constantly high inci-
methods was the highest as compared with that of dence of EHF in Shanxi Province and larvae with only a
microcolumn or APA method. False positives appeared small quantity of meal were selected and stored for more
in both APA method and AM method. The causes of than 15 days before isolation of EHFV. Six strains of
JPRS-CST-91-002
6 BIOTECHNOLOGY 16 January 1991
virus were isolated. The virus isolated were identified to The Location of Nodulation Genes in Rhizobium
be EHFV by serum test, immunofluorescent blocking Astragali
test as well as aeutralization test. The above results
40091004H Beijing WEISHENGWU XUEBAO [ACTA
further demonstrate this mite can naturally be infected
MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA] in Chinese Vol 30 No 5,
by EHFV and therefore serve as vector of EHF.
Oct 90 p 335
Survey of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus
sphaericus from Soils of Four Provinces of China
[Article by Wei Hui [7614 6540], Wuhan Institute of
and Their Principal Biological Properties
Virology, Academia Sinica, Wuhan; Li Fudi {2621 7079
40091004J Beijing WEISHENGWU XUEBAO [ACTA 2769], Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan]
MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA] in Chinese Vol 30 No 5,
Oct 90 p 388
[Abstract] Based on the conservation of nod ABC genes
[Article by Li Rongsen (2621 2837 2773], Dai Shunying in Rhizobium, authors located the nodulation genes on
[2071 7311 5391], et al.; Wuhan Institute of Virology, the plasmids of Rhizobium astragali. Both plasmid
Academia Sinica, Wuhan] pRa7653Ra and plasmid pRa7653Rb carried nod genes
in strain 7653R. Only plasmid pRa52a carried nod genes
[Abstract] A number of isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis in strain $52. In strain SR72, the nod genes were
and Bacillus sphaericus were obtained from soils of
harbored exclusively on plasmid pRa72a, the BamHI,
Southwestern Area and Shaanxi Province of China.
HindIII and PstI fragments contained nod ABC genes
Among isolates ofB . thuringiensis were under 13 soris of
were 22.4 kb, 11.9 kb and 2.2 kb respectively; the EcoRI
serotype in total of 23 sorts of B. thuringiensis and about
fragments were 4.6 kb and 3.0 kb. In strain HR104, the
20 percent of auto-agglutinate strains. Rules of ecologic
nod genes were harbored exclusively on plasmid
distribution of two sorts of bacteria were analysed.
pRal04a, the BamHI, EcoRI and Pstl fragments con-
Toxicities on six species of insects, morphology and
tained nod ABC genes were 22.4 kb, 9.1 kb and 2.2 kb
crystal proteins of B. thuringiensis, as well as toxicities,
morphology and crystal proteins of B. sphaericus, were respectively.
investigated. Twenty-two strains of more efficient of B.
thuringiensis and 2 strains of more efficient of B.
sphaericus were obtained. It was shown that B. thuring- Construction of Frankia Genomic Libraries and
iensis is actually soil microorganism, and resource of B. Isolation of Clones Homologous to Nodulation
thuringiensis is much fruitful in Southwestern Area of Genes from Rhizobium leguminosarum
China.
40091004G Beijing YICHUAN XUEBAO [ACTA
GENETICA SINICA] in Chinese Vol 17 No 5,
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay of
Oct 90 p 410
- Toxic Proteins of Bacillus Sphaericus
s-1
400910041 Beijing WEISHENGWU XUEBAO [ACTA \Article by Cui Yuhai, Qin Min, et al.; Laboratory of
MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA] in Chinese Vol 30 No 5, Molecular Genetics, Guangxi Agricultural College, Nan-
Oct 90 p 374 ning—Project supported by the National Natural Sci-
ence Foundation of China]
[Article by Wang Jian [3769 0256], Ren Gaixin [0117
2395 2450], and Shang Kejin [1424 0344 6651]; Depart-
[Abstract] High molecular genomic DNAs were isolated
ment of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin]
by using the lysozyme plus achromopeptidase system
[Abstract] Bacillus sphaericus Ts-! Mosquito larvicidal from Frankia strains At4, Ccol and Hrl6, the root
toxins 42 k Da and 43 k Da were isolated by Sephadex nodule endophytes of Alnus, Casuarina and Hippophae
G-200 chromatography. Three strains of highly toxic B. respectively, and used to construct genomic libraries in
sphaericus and two nontoxic strains were screened for pLAFRI, a broad host range cosmid vector within many
toxic proteins using ELISA. The lowest detectable toxin gram-negative hosts. The genomic libraries were
level was 1.56 X 10°° mg/ml. Nontoxic strains did not
screened by in situ colony hybridization to identify
produce antigens reacting to either the 42 kDa or the 43
clones homologious to common nodulation genes of
kDa antibodies.
Rhizobium leguminosarum, based on the sequence
homology of EcoRI-digested Frankia total DNA to nod
Ts-1 cultures were examined at 12 h and 24 h and LC,,
bioassay against Culex pipiens. The C,,.’s at 12 h and 24 ABC from Rhizobium meliloti. Several clones showing
relatively strong hybridization were found, the recombi-
h were 0.71 ppm and 0.154 ppm, respectively, the toxin
level at 24 h was 4.6 times the level at 12 h. ELISA tests nant plasmid was isolated, and their homology with
established total toxin at 0.049 mg/ml and 0.225 mg/m! Rhizobium nodulation genes was confirmed by spot
at 12 h and 24 h, respectively, confirming the LC., hybridization. Further work on these positive clones is
study. now underway.