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Science Magazine April 15th 2011 Volume 332 Issue 6027 PDF

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Preview Science Magazine April 15th 2011 Volume 332 Issue 6027

15 April 2011 | $10 SPECIALOFFER $99 ANTIBODY SPECIAL Better Antibodies · Better Science Findoutmore@ www.epitomics.com/products/promo MONO THE RABBIT MONOCLONAL ADVANTAGE • High specificity and affinity • More diverse epitope recognition • Improved response to mouse antigens • Validated in multiple applications and species What is the Rabbit Monoclonal Advantage RABBITMONOCLONAL MOUSEMONOCLONAL RabbitMonoclonalAntibodies(RabMAbs®) providethecombinedbenefitsofsuperior antigenrecognitionoftherabbitimmune systemwiththespecificityandconsistency ofamonoclonalantibody,bringingyou thehighestqualityantibodypossible. 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Dailyshippingandcompetitivepricingare offered.Bulkquantitiesofmanyproteins available.CellSciencesalsocarries correspondingantibodiesandELISAkits. mm LISTOFPROTEINS 4-1BBL Caspase-3 sFlt-1(D3) IL-2 MEC sRANK 4-1BBReceptor Caspase-6 sFlt-1(D4) IL-3 Mek-1 sRANKL 6Ckine CD4 sFlt-1(D5) IL-4 MIA RANTES oo ACAD8 CD14 sFlt-1(D7) sIL-4Receptor Midkine RELM-α ACAT2 CD22 Flt3-Ligand IL-5 MIG/CXCL9 RELM-β gAcrp30/Adipolean CD40Ligand/TRAP sFlt-4 IL-6 MIP-1α/CCL3 Resistin cc AAcCtYiv1inA CCDD91055//sEFnadsoLgilginand FsFolltli-s4t/aFtincChimera sILIL-7-6Receptor MMIIPP--13β//CCCCLL243 RRPPTTPPγβ ADAT1 CHIPS FSH IL-8(72a.a.) MIP-3α/CCL20 RPTPμ Adiponectin CNTF Fractalkine/CX3C IL-8(77a.a.) MIP-3β/CCL19 SCF .. ADRP Collagen G-CSF IL-9 MIP-4(PARC)/CCL18 SCGF-α ss AITRL CREB α-GalactosidaseA IL-10 MIP-5/CCL15 SCGF-β Akt1 CTACK/CCL27 Galectin-1 IL-11 MMP-3 SDF-1α Alpha-FetoProtein(AFP) CTGF Galectin-3 IL-12 MMP-7 SDF-1β ee AAnlpghioap-Goiaeltainc-to1s(iAdnagse-1A) CCTTLGAF-L4//WFcISP-2 GGaCsPtr-o2intestinalCA IILL--1133analog MMyMoPs-ta1t3in SSeFc2r0etin Angiopoietin-2(Ang-2) CXCL16 GDF-3 IL-15 Nanog SHP-2 AngiostatinK1-3 Cytokeratin8 GDF-9 IL-16(121a.a.) NAP-2 STAT1 cc Annexin-V DEP-1 GDF-11 IL-16(130a.a.) Neurturin c-Src apo-SAA Desmopressin GDNF IL-17 NFAT-1 TACI ApoliproteinA-1 DisulfideOxidoreductase GLP-1 IL-17B beta-NGF TARC nn ApoliproteinE2 E-selectin Glucagon IL-17D NOGGIN TC-PTP ApoliproteinE3 ECGF Goserelin IL-17E NOV TECK ApoliproteinE4 EGF GM-CSF IL-17F NP-1 TFF2 ee AArPteRmILin EEMlafAinP/S-IIKALP GGRPBOBα IILL--1209 NNTT--31/BCSF-3 TTGGFF--αβ1 ATF2 ENA-78 GROβ IL-22 NT-4 TGF-β2 AuroraA Endostatin GROγ IL-31 Ocreotide TGF-β3 ii AuroraB Enteropeptidase GRO/MGSA Insulin OncostatinM Thymosinα1 cc BAFF Eotaxin GrowthHormone IP-10 Osteoprotegerin(OPG) sTIE-1/FcChimera BAFFReceptor Eotaxin-2 GrowthHormoneBP JE OTOR sTIE-2/FcChimera BCA-1/BLC/CXCL13 Eotaxin-3(TSC) GST-p21/WAF-1 JNK2a1 Oxytocin TL-1A ss BBDC-M1A EEPPHHBB24 HHBC-CE-G1F JKNCK/2CaX2CL1 pP3a8ra-αthyroidHormone TTNNFF--αβ BD-2 Eptifbatide HGF KGF PDGF-AA sTNFR1 ll BBDD-N3F EErrykt-h2ropoietin(EPO) HHiissttdreylli-ntRNAsynthetase LL-AaGsp-1araginase PPDDGGFF--ABBB sTTPNOFR2 ll Bivalirudin Exodus-2 HRG1-β1 LALFPeptide Persephin TRAIL/Apo2L ee BMP-2 FasLigand I-309 LAR-PTP PF-4 sTRAILR-1(DR4) BMP-4 FasReceptor I-TAC LC-1 PIGF-1 sTRAILR-2(DR5) BMP-7 FGF-1(acidic) IFN-α LBP PIGF-2 TSH cc BsBMMPP-1R3-1A FFGGFF--24(basic) IIFFNN--ααA2a LLDD-H78β PPKKAC-αα-subunit TTSWLEPAK BrainNatriureticProtein FGF-5 IFN-α2b LEC/NCC-4 PKC-γ TWEAKReceptor .. BBrReAaKstTumorAntigen FFGGFF--76/KGF IIFFNN--γβ LLIeGpHtinT PPlLeGioFtr-o1phin UVEroGkiFn1a2s1e ww C5a FGF-8 IFN-Omega LIX PolymyxinB(PMB) VEGF145 C5L2Peptide FGF-9 IGF-I LKM PRAS40 VEGF165 C-10 FGF-10 IGF-II LL-37 PRL-1 VEGF-C C-ReactiveProtein FGF-16 proIGF-II Lymphotactin PRL-2 VEGF-CI525 ww CCa-SlbricndinD-9K FFGGFF--1178 IIGGFFBBPP--12 sML-YCVSEF-1 PPrRoLk-in3eticin-2 EVGEG-VFE-EGF CalbindinD-28K FGF-19 IGFBP-3 MCP-1(MCAF) Prolactin HB-VEGF-E CalbindinD-29K FGF-20 IGFBP-4 MCP-2 Protirelin sVEGFR-1 Calmodulin sFGFR-1(IIIc)/FcChimera IGFBP-4 MCP-3 PTHrP sVEGFR-2 ww CalcitoninAcetate sFGFR-2(IIIc)/FcChimera IGFBP-5 MCP-4 PTP1B sVEGFR-3 CarbonicAnhydraseIII sFGFR-3/ FcChimera IGFBP-6 MCP-5 PTP-IA2 WISP-1 Carcino-embryonicAntigen sFGFR-4/FcChimera IGFBP-7 MDC(67a.a.) PTP-MEG2 WISP-2 Cardiotrophin-1 sFlt-1(native) IL-1α MDC(69a.a.) PTP-PEST WISP-3 IL-1β MDH WNT-1 CELLSCIENCESINC•480NEPONSETSTREET,BUILDING12A,CANTON,MA02021• [email protected] TOLLFREE: (888)769-1246• TEL:(781)828-0610• FAX:(781)828-0542• WEB: WWW.CELLSCIENCES.COM IÄGLniEfecHSseccaiepltnhecciearslreeerdattoe scale-up GE09-10 GEHealthcareBio-SciencesAB,Björkgatan30,75184UFirstpublishedSept.2010©2010GeneralElectricCompany–Allrightsreserved.trademarksofGEHealthcarecompanies.ÄKTA,Axichrom,BioProcess,Capto,HiScale,HiScreen,MGE,imaginationatwork,andGEmonogramaretradem ItnhsepliaretedsbtydeyoveulronpemeednftoirnfaosutraÄnKdTpAraevdaicntatbselerisecsa.le-up,weintroduceÄKTA™avant150, ppsala,Sweden abSelect,andUNICORNarearksofGeneralElectricCom p OptimizeyourprocesswithÄKTAavant25andthenscale-upseamlesslytoÄKTA an y. avant150byautomaticallyconvertingyourmethodsusingUNICORN™6.1software. ÄKTAavantisdesignedtofullyexploittheadvantagesofourmodernBioProcess™ medialikeMabSelect™andCapto™. Dedicatedcolumnformatsensureseamlessscalabilityfromprocessdevelopment tomanufacturing–fromprepackedHiScreen™columnstoHiScale™toAxiChrom™ withIntelligentPacking. Wanttoknowmore?RegistertodaytoreceiveacopyoftheÄKTAavant150DataFile. www.gelifesciences.com/pr-avant CONTENTS Volume 332 Issue 6027 EDITORIAL LETTERS 283 The Young Academy Movement 305 Putting the Ocean Under Review Bruce Alberts P. A. Bernal Low-Dose Radiation Knowledge: Priceless NEWS OF THE WEEK M. H. Barcellos-Hoff et al. 288 A roundup of the week’s top stories The Risks and Benefi ts of Re-Consent J. S. Forsberg et al. NEWS & ANALYSIS Response 291 Research Holds Up Well in S. B. Trinidad et al. Final 2011 Agreement >> Science Podcast 306 CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS 292 Fukushima Radiation Creates Unique Test BOOKS ET AL. of Marine Life’s Hardiness 307 A History of Communications page 298 293 Outlook Brightens for Plastic Solar Cells M. T. Poe, reviewed by C. Kelty 294 Chinese Neurosurgeons Quietly Push 308 Genetic Justice for Easing of Brain Operation Ban S. Krimsky and T. Simoncelli, 295 Tennessee House Bill Opens Door to reviewed by M. A. Goldman Challenges to Evolution, Climate Change 296 A Sign of New Particles or POLICY FORUM General Restlessness? 309 Genomics, Biobanks, and the 297 Frightening Risk of Marfan Syndrome, Trade-Secret Model and Potential Treatment, Elucidated R. Mitchell et al. >> Reports pp. 358 and 361 PERSPECTIVES NEWS FOCUS 311 Photosynthesis, Reorganized 298 Uncertain Future for Tropical Ecology M. J. West-Eberhard et al. 300 Do Jumping Genes Spawn Diversity? 312 C ytonemes Show Their Colors M. Affolter and K. Basler 302 Lunar and Planetary Science Conference >> Report p. 354 page 309 Asteroid Model Shows Early Life Suffered a Billion-Year Battering 313 M ake It Quantum and Continuous Prime Science Achieved at Asteroid P. Grangier A Badly Battered Vesta Awaits Dawn’s Arrival >> Report p. 330 Snapshots From the Meeting 315 A nother Spin on Graphene A. H. Castro Neto >> Report p. 328 316 A Frontal Challenge for Climate Models R. Ferrari >> Research Article p. 318 CONTENTS continued >> COVER DEPARTMENTS Schematic representations of DNA nanostructures with complex 281 This Week in Science curvatures including two-dimensional arrangements of concentric 284 Editors’ Choice rings and three-dimensional shapes, including a nanofl ask 286 Science Staff 70 nanometers tall and 40 nanometers wide (DNA molecule 369 New Products is not shown to scale). On page 342, Han et al. describe the 370 Science Careers creation of these structures using a DNA origami folding technique in which double-helical DNA is bent to follow the rounded contours of the target object. Image: Dongran Han and Hao Yan, The Biodesign Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 332 15 APRIL 2011 275 reserved.CopyrightsinandtothescientistsimageareduseonlytoThermoFisherScientificbyGettyImages. ghtsmite rili Allfor moFisherScientificInc.thirdpartyandlicensed Therbya ©2011owned Limited by an outdated PCR system? Youcanrun15minutePCRprotocolsanduse50%less consumablesandenergybygettingawayfromtheoldstandard. ChooseThermoScientificPikoThermalCyclers,Phusionreagents, andultrathinwall(UTW)plasticconsumablesforthemost rapidandaccuratePCRresults.Thesetechnologicallyadvanced componentscanbeusedindividuallytoimproveyourcurrent workflow,orasacompletesolutionforadvancedPCR. • UltrafastPCRcyclingprotocolsoptimizedto<15minutes • 96-wellPCRrunsusing50%lessplastics,reagentsandenergy EverythingforPCR • PCRkitsthatallowamplificationdirectlyfromplant,blood, ThermoScientificPCRportfoliohas andtissuesamples everythingyouneedforsuccessfulPCR includingindustryleadingreagents, StartyourPCRexperimenttoday high-qualityinstrumentsandtrusted plasticconsumables. www.thermoscientific.com/advancedpcr Moving science forward CONTENTS RESEARCH ARTICLES 346 Phonemic Diversity Supports a Serial Founder Effect Model of Language 318 E nhanced Turbulence and Energy Expansion from Africa Dissipation at Ocean Fronts Q. D. Atkinson E. D’Asaro et al. Analysis of word sounds suggests that Energy in surface ocean currents can dissipate language originated once, in central into deep water via enhanced turbulence at and southern Africa. the boundaries between water masses. >> Perspective p. 316 349 I nterplay Between Changing Climate and Species’ Ecology Drives Macroevolutionary 322 Structure of an Agonist-Bound Dynamics Human A Adenosine Receptor 2A T. H. G. Ezard et al. F. Xu et al. Fossil records show that speciation and Changes associated with conformationally extinction are infl uenced by interaction with selective agonist binding shed light on other species and with the environment. G protein-–coupled receptor activation. 352 p H-Dependent Gating in a FocA pages 315 & 328 REPORTS Formate Channel W. Lü et al. 328 Giant Nonlocality Near the Dirac Point Transport of formate through a pentameric in Graphene channel is gated by pH-dependent D. A. Abanin et al. conformational changes. Unusual transport in graphene may be a consequence of the propagation of long-range 354 Specifi city of Drosophila Cytonemes for Distinct Signaling Pathways charge-neutral currents. >> Perspective p. 315 S. Roy et al. Signaling protein receptors are segregated 330 Teleportation of Nonclassical into different cell protrusions in Drosophila Wave Packets of Light cells. N. Lee et al. >> Perspective p. 312 Teleportation is demonstrated with 358 Noncanonical TGFβ Signaling Contributes bunches of photons. to Aortic Aneurysm Progression in >> Perspective p. 313 page 339 Marfan Syndrome Mice 333 Enhanced Enantioselectivity in Excitation T. M. Holm et al. of Chiral Molecules by Superchiral Light 361 Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Y. Tang and A. E. Cohen Signaling Attenuates Aortic Aneurysm Light waves tuned to rotate more sharply than circularly polarized light can better in Mice Through ERK Antagonism discriminate between chiral molecules. J. P. Habashi et al. Transforming growth factor–β promotes aortic 336 D eterministic Preparation of a Tunable aneurysm formation through activation of its Few-Fermion System “noncanonical” signaling pathway. F. Serwane et al. >> News story p. 297 Optical traps are used to prepare up to 10 cold lithium atoms to be used for 365 Sequential Synaptic Excitation and simulating few-body fermionic systems. Inhibition Shape Readiness Discharge for Voluntary Behavior 339 A Bicycle Can Be Self-Stable Without K. Kagaya and M. Takahata Gyroscopic or Caster Effects In crayfi sh, specifi c neurons produce electrical J. D. G. Kooijman et al. activity in synchrony with different phases A new bicycle design points to the importance of the walking pattern. of mass distribution for stability. >> Science Podcast CONTENTS continued >> 342 DNA Origami with Complex Curvatures in Three-Dimensional Space D. Han et al. Rationally introduced crossover positions bend networks of double-helical DNA strands into complex shapes. page 352 www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 332 15 APRIL 2011 277 CONTENTS SCIENCE ONLINE SCIENCEXPRESS SCIENCESIGNALING www.sciencexpress.org www.sciencesignaling.org Nocturnality in Dinosaurs Inferred from The Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology 12 April issue: http://scim.ag/ss041211 L. Schmitz and R. Motani RESEARCH ARTICLE: Estrogen Regulates Tumor Comparison of eye structures between fossils Growth Through a Nonclassical Pathway that and modern species suggests that Mesozoic Includes the Transcription Factors ERβ and KLF5 archosaurs were active day and night. Y. Nakajima et al. 10.1126/science.1200043 PERSPECTIVE: Estrogen Receptor β—Switching to SCIENCESIGNALING Industrial Melanism in British Peppered Moths Estrogen receptors in a prostate tumor. a New Partner and Escaping from Estrogen Has a Singular and Recent Mutational Origin Y.-K. Leung and S.-M. Ho A. E. van’t Hof et al. ERβ promotes apoptosis in prostate cancer cells The locus responsible for the dark form through an estrogen-independent mechanism. of the peppered moth is identifi ed. RESEARCH ARTICLE: IL-25 Causes Apoptosis RESEARCH ARTICLE: PI3Kβ Plays a Critical Role 10.1126/science.1203043 of IL-25R–Expressing Breast Cancer Cells in Neutrophil Activation by Immune Complexes Chlorinated Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes Without Toxicity to Nonmalignant Cells S. Kulkarni et al. with High Work Function for Organic The β isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase may be an S. Furuta et al. Mammary epithelial cells secrete an anticancer Device Compatibility effective therapeutic target in infl ammatory diseases. cytokine, suggesting a new therapeutic approach M. G. Helander et al. GLOSSARY for breast cancer. Closer matching of the energy levels of Find out what c-Yes, Lyn, and R-Smad mean in the transparent electrodes and active materials in RESEARCH ARTICLE: Targeting Nrf2 Signaling world of cell signaling. organic light-emitting diodes improves effi ciency. Improves Bacterial Clearance by Alveolar 10.1126/science.1202992 SCIENCECAREERS Macrophages in Patients with COPD Probing Asthenospheric Density, Temperature, and in a Mouse Model www.sciencecareers.org/career_magazine and Elastic Moduli Below the Western C. J. Harvey et al. Free Career Resources for Scientists Lung macrophages take up bacteria better United States Tooling Up: Two Choke Points after stimulation of the Nrf2 antioxidant T. Ito and M. Simons D. Jensen signaling pathway. Monitoring the response to ocean tidal loads reveals When moving away from the bench and into industry, detailed variations in Earth’s internal structure. it is important to realize that there is not just one SCIENCEPODCAST 10.1126/science.1202584 gaping chasm to cross, but two. www.sciencemag.org/multimedia/podcast Ethical Framework for Biofuels http://scim.ag/chokepoints Free Weekly Show A. Buyx and J. Tait A Very Visual Scientist On the 15 April Science Podcast: budgeting 10.1126/science.1206064 >> Science Podcast SN.i cWkeoblbay Hristov is building a career at the froe-re sxcpielonrcien,g a bni ceythcliec aslt afrbaimliteyw, oarnkd fmoro breio.fuels, intersection of science and visual art. SCIENCENOW http://scim.ag/hristov_visual SCIENCEINSIDER N Y, JAPA wHiwgwhl.isgchietsn cFeronmow O.ourrg D aily News Coverage Canodn tTernatn Csloaltlieocntiaol nR: eCsaeraerechrs in Clinical nSeciwens.csec iPeonlciceym Nagew.osr ga/nsdc iAenncaelyinsissider RSIT Melting Antarctic Ice Causing Penguins Science Careers Staff E NIV to Starve Articles on clinical and translational science careers, U U As global warming kills off ice-loving krill, produced with generous support from the Burroughs OK penguins may be losing food supply. Wellcome Fund. OH http://scim.ag/ice-penguins http://scim.ag/translational_collection Y/T G How Distractions Cause ‘Senior Moments’ OLO A new study shows why the brains of older adults SCIENCETRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE SwCeIeEkN CinE D(IeScSeNm 0be0r3, 6b-8y 0t7h5e) Aism peuribclaisnh eAds swoceieaktliyo no nf oFrr itdhaey ,A edxvcaenpcte mtheen tl aostf HN sometimes struggle to switch between tasks. www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.org Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Periodicals Mail C postage (publication No. 484460) paid at Washington, DC, and additional mailing HISTOTE hDtotpu:b//lsec itmh.ea gG/esenneiso,r -Dmooumbelen ttshe Flora I1n3te Agprartiiln igss Muee:d hictitnpe: /a/nscdi mSc.aiegn/csetm041311 oSmcfefii emcnebcsee. r. sCThohipepy triaitgnlehd t S sC©uIEb Ns2cC0rEi1p 1itsi oabn yr e(tg5hi1se t eiAsresmudee trsri)ca:a dn$e m1A4as9rsk o (co$ifa7 tt4iho ena A llfAooAcraS t.te hDdeo mtAode svstauincb csiencmrdiipevtniidto unoa)f.l ND Ancient genome duplications fueled COMMENTARY: One Foundation’s Strategy DCaormibebsetiacn i n(sstuirtufatcioen mala siul)b s$c5r5ip; tiootnh e(r5 1c oiussnuterise)s: $(a9i9r 0a; sFsoisrte idgenl ipveorsyta) g$e8 e5x. trFai:r sMt ecxlaicsos,, Y A seed plant diversity. to Accelerate Drug Discovery Through Genomics airmail, student, and emeritus rates on request. Canadian rates with GST available OLOG http://scim.ag/genes-fl ora L. M. Perkins et al. uPprionnt erdeq iune stth, eG UST.S #.A1.254 88122. Publications Mail Agreement Number 1069624. NT OF PATH TFdhorueug nf doduaistnicdooenvr e doriyfs cftuohsres aeM sru awlrtaeipy dslei ts oeM aaysceecl.oemleara Rtee search CnDimnuhCacma lt2uenb0drgei0eares9.l 0oPfso–fou r6sar 1ftidanm7dct8eear.re s nSstpaesionl:r s :gAot aSllrleg eop-enwce;d o r4 sbpco huwynal eaksnea lg klrueseas, st oege: f si$ uv a1nidon0ddnge.r 0 roe 0rslecd sicq rutaucornuer dmsAet nA.ns ttAe aAiSwsn,us cauPtede.hsO,d o .n$rr eoB1iszt5os aex.ft0a si90 loal6 innbn1d ag7c t88kwo,- i idstWihspguaihinsetoh apttihncorecegcop otfuoaapnniidyrt, ME PERSPECTIVE: Community Health Care— use provisions of the Copyright Act is granted by AAAS to libraries and other users UKI/DEPART THJ.h uLe.m rSaaopnnen Muentiibccur oOrgbp iaponomdr etMu.n Ai.t iFeissc hinb atchhe rpMRereAgoa ivd0sited1ere9r’des2 d 3Gt h.uw aTiidtht hee$ 2ttiodh5 ee.P0n eC0trio ifipop cedyarrit ciaigaorhlnt itL c ciCltoeeld eriaeas t rpfuaoarnreic d Sea c dnCiiedrene niccntete l syrie s (tv Co0eC 0rCaC3Cl)6 C sT-,pr8 a2e0nc27is2a5a l.cRi ztSoieocsdiene wiannloc dReoe dexisp eD osinr.ritdvieenx,g eD Sdae nirnvv eitchrese,, UZ The human microbiome harbors tremendous HI S untapped therapeutic potential. AS K A DIT: T E R C www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 332 15 APRIL 2011 279 ENLIGHTENED BY SCIENCE The 2011•12 NEB Catalog & Technical Reference NewEnglandBiolabsintroducesitslatestaward-winningCatalogandTechnicalReference,featuringover100new products,up-to-datecharts,protocolsandtroubleshootingtips.Ourthought-provokingcollectionof mini-reviews explorethemysteriesof thedeepocean. Featured New Products OneTaq™DNA Polymerase–idealforawiderange NEBNext®Reagents for Sample Preparation– oftemplates,OneTaqoffersrobustamplificationwith availableforDNAorRNA,thesereagentsfacilitate minimaloptimization sampleprepfornextgenerationsequencing EpiMark™Validated Reagents for Epigenetics– High Fidelity (HF) Restriction Enzymes– thissuiteof productsisdesignedtosimplifyDNA engineeredforreducedstaractivity,HFenzymes andhistonemodificationstudies offermaximumconvenience Visitwww.neb.com/newcatalog torequestacopy. Photoabove–MoonJellies(Aurelialabiata),MontereyBayAquarium,CA ©FransLanting/www.lanting.com

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