Science Magazine 4 February 2011

146 Pages·2011·65.22 MB·English

by  American Association for the Advancement of Science

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EDITORIAL
511 Lessons from Genomics
Bruce Alberts

>> Mews Focus section;
Genome Anniversary Essays p. 546

NEWS OF THE WEEK
516 A roundup of the week’s top stories

NEWS & ANALYSIS

520 Can Obama Strike a Deal
With House Republicans?

522 With Reforms Under Way,
International Centers Ask:
Where Is the Money?

523 USDA Decides Against New Regulation
of GM Crops

524 Obama Shifts Focus From Emissions
to ‘Clean’ Energy

525 NIH Report Urges Greater Emphasis on
Training for All Graduate Students

NEWS FOCUS

526 | HUMAN GENOME 10TH ANNIVERSARY
Waiting for the Revolution
Human Genetics in the Clinic, One Click Away
530 | The Human Genome (Patent) Project
>> Faditonial p. 511; Genome Anniversary
Essays p. 544; Science Podcast

LETTERS

532 Benefits of Intertwining Teaching
and Research
L.A. Gregg-folly et al.
Healthcare Venture Capital for Africa
J. Chakmea and &. Mi Sammut

Response
K. Simiyu et al.

534 CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS

Science

COVER

False-colored scanning electron micrograph of aligned zinc oxide
nanowire arrays. Nanowires, each 10 to 50 nanometers in diameter
and 0.5 to 1 micrometers long, have a variety of potential
applications from medical diagnostics to miniature electronics.

The Gordon Research Conference on Cancer Nanotechnology

will be held 17 to 22 july 2011 at Colby College in Waterville,
Maine. See page 602 for the conference schedule and

preliminary programs.

image: Z. L. Wang, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Georgia Institute of Technology

BOOKS ET AL.
535 Galileo

it. Heilbron, reviewed by 8. ]. Raphael
536 Seeking Refuge

RM. Wilson, reviewed by FR, Davis

POLICY FORUM

537 ~=Better Science Needed for Restoration
in the Gulf of Mexico
KA. Bjorndal et al.

PERSPECTIVES
539 A Genome for the Environment
BD. Ebert

>> Research Article p. 555

540 Climate and Human Evolution
PB. deMenoceal

542 Happy People Live Longer
B.S. Frey

543 A Translational Pause to Localize
D. Ron and &. tte
>> Report p. 586

544 — Exciton Quenching and Migration
in Single Conjugated Polymers
€. Bardeen
>> Report p. 565

ESSAYS

546 | Genome-Sequencing Anniversary:
A Celebration of the Genome, Part |

Faces of the Genome

FS. Collins

The Human Genome at 10: Successes and
Challenges

iC. Venter

The Golden Age of Human Population
Genetics

AM. Preewarskt

Genomics and Clinical Relevance
T Hudson

What Defines Us?

R. Cole-Turner

Painting the Genome for the Public
X. Cortada

page 526

page 536

Bringing Genomics and Genetics
Back Together

R.A, Gibbs

>> Editorial p, $11; News Focus section;
Science Podcast

CONTENTS continued >>

DEPARTMENTS

507 This Week in Science

512 ~— Editors’ Choice

514 8 Serence Staft

602 Gordon Research Conferences
625 New Products

626 Science Careers

We Sirehens Ue SSR VOL 331 jor AP

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REVIEW

550

A Parsimonious Model for
Gene Regulation by miRNAs
5. Diuranavic et al.

BREVIA

554

The 2010 Amazon Drought

5. 1. Lewis et al.

Amazonia experienced lower rainfall and
higher calculated carbon emissions from
tree deaths than in the 2005 drought.

RESEARCH ARTICLE

555

The Ecoresponsive Genome

of Daphnia pulex

J. K. Colbourne et al.

The Daphnia genome reveals a multitude
of genes and shows adaptation through
gene family expansions.

>> Perspective p. 539; Science Podcast

REPORTS

562

565

568

S71

KOI-126; A Triply Eclipsing Hierarchical
Triple with Two Low-Mass Stars

LA. Carter et al.

The Kepler telescope detected a triple stellar
system and reveals details of the structure
of low-mass stars.

Ultralong-Range Polaron-Induced
Quenching of Excitons in Isolated
Conjugated Polymers

J.C. Bolinger et al.

Visualization of the fluorescence of a
single—conducting-polymer chain provides
insight into energy-relaxation mechanisms.
>> Perspective p. 544

Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Produced
by Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials
JN. Coleman etal.

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides,
such as tungsten disulfide, are exfoliated into
atomically thin flakes.

Protein Native-State Stabilization

by Placing Aromatic Side Chains

in N-Glycosylated Reverse Turns

E. K. Culyba et al.

Protein reverse turns that interact with a
phenylalanine group allow stable introduction
of glycan groups at asparagine residues,

575

578

582

586

589

593

596

599

Seasonal Erosion and Restoration

of Mars’ Northern Polar Dunes

C. |. Hansen et al.

High-resolution images of Mars show active
sand transport on northern polar dunes.

2500 Years of European Climate
Variability and Human Susceptibility

U. Buntgen et al.

Variability of central European temperature
and precipitation shows correlations with
some major historical changes.

Passive Origins of Stomatal Control

in Vascular Plants

T ). Brodribh and §. A. M. McAdam

The transition from passive to active
metabolic control of stomata and plant water
balance occurred about 360 million years ago.

Translational Pausing Ensures Membrane
Targeting and Cytoplasmic Splicing of
XBP1u mRNA

K. Yanagitant et al.

A peptide-mediated translational pause
facilitates the unconventional splicing of a
messenger RNA on the endoplasmic reticulum.
>> Perspective p. 543

Directed Evolution of a Protein Container
8. Worsddrfer et al.

An engineered protein container protects

its bacterial host by efficient and selective
encapsulation of a toxic protease.

>> Science Podcast

Aberrant Overexpression of Satellite
Repeats in Pancreatic and Other
Epithelial Cancers

DF. Ting et al.

Noncoding RNAs transcribed from DNA
repeats in heterochromatin are expressed
at surprisingly high levels in tumors.

A Cryptic Subgroup of Anopheles gambiae
Is Highly Susceptible to Human Malaria
Parasites

M. M. Riehle

Collecting mosquito larvae from West African
ponds has revealed a previously unknown
but highly abundant genotype.

Action-Potential Modulation

During Axonal Conduction

T. Sasaki et al.

The waveform of an action potential can be
physiologically modified while it travels
along the axon.

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