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Science Level Blue - Glencoe PDF

282 Pages·2007·3.91 MB·English
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Science c. Level Blue n s, I e ni a p m o C Hill w- a Gr c M e h T of n o si Consultant vi di Hill, a Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. w- a Gr c M / e o c n e Gl © ht g pyri o C About the Consultant Douglas Fisher, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Teacher Education at San Diego State University. He is the recipient of an International Reading Association Celebrate Literacy Award as well as a Christa McAuliffe award for Excellence in Teacher Education. He has published numerous articles on reading and literacy, differentiated instruction, and curriculum design as well as books, such as Improving Adolescent Literacy: Strategies at Work and Responsive Curriculum Design in Secondary Schools: Meeting the Diverse Needs of Students. He has taught a variety of courses in SDSU’s teacher-credentialing program as well as graduate-level courses on English language development and literacy. He also has taught classes in English, writing, and literacy development to secondary school students. c. n s, I e ni a p m o C Hill w- a Gr c M e h T of n o si vi di a Hill, w- a Gr c M Copyright ©by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material / e contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, o c teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Science Level Blue. Any other en reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher. Gl © Send all inquiries to: ght Glencoe/McGraw-Hill pyri 8787 Orion Place Co Columbus, Ohio 43240-4027 ISBN 0-07-874565-9 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 024 08 07 06 05 Note-Taking Tips ........................................ v Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics Chapter Preview..................................... 69 Using Your Science Notebook ............... vi 7-1............................................................. 70 7-2............................................................. 73 Chapter 1 The Nature of Science 7-3............................................................. 76 Chapter Preview....................................... 1 Wrap-Up................................................. 80 1-1............................................................... 2 1-2............................................................... 5 Chapter 8 Earthquakes and Volcanoes 1-3............................................................... 8 Chapter Preview..................................... 81 Wrap-Up................................................. 12 8-1............................................................. 82 8-2............................................................. 85 Chapter 2 Traits and How 8-3............................................................. 88 They Change Wrap-Up................................................. 92 Chapter Preview..................................... 13 2-1............................................................. 14 Chapter 9 Clues to Earth’s Past 2-2............................................................. 17 Chapter Preview..................................... 93 2-3............................................................. 20 9-1............................................................. 94 Wrap-Up................................................. 24 9-2............................................................. 97 9-3........................................................... 100 Chapter 3 Interactions of Wrap-Up............................................... 104 Human Systems Chapter Preview..................................... 25 Chapter 10 Geologic Time c. 3-1............................................................. 26 s, In 3-2............................................................. 29 Chapter Preview................................... 105 e 10-1........................................................ 106 ani Wrap-Up................................................. 32 p 10-2........................................................ 109 m Co 10-3........................................................ 112 Hill Chapter 4 Interactions of Life Wrap-Up............................................... 116 w- Gra Chapter Preview..................................... 33 c M 4-1............................................................. 34 e Chapter 11 The Sun-Earth-Moon on of Th 44--23.......................................................................................................................... 3470 Chapter PSryesvtieewm................................... 117 si Wrap-Up................................................. 44 vi 11-1........................................................ 118 di Hill, a Chapter 5 The Nonliving Environment 1111--23................................................................................................................ 112214 w- Gra Chapter Preview..................................... 45 Wrap-Up............................................... 128 c M 5-1............................................................. 46 / e o 5-2............................................................. 49 nc Chapter 12 The Solar System Gle 5-3............................................................. 52 © Wrap-Up................................................. 56 Chapter Preview................................... 129 ht 12-1........................................................ 130 g pyri 12-2........................................................ 133 Co Chapter 6 Ecosystems 12-3........................................................ 136 Chapter Preview..................................... 57 12-4........................................................ 139 6-1............................................................. 58 Wrap-Up............................................... 142 6-2............................................................. 61 6-3............................................................. 64 Wrap-Up................................................. 68 Science Level Blue iii Chapter 13 Stars and Galaxies Chapter 19 Force and Newton’s Laws Chapter Preview................................... 143 Chapter Preview................................... 205 13-1........................................................ 144 19-1........................................................ 206 13-2........................................................ 147 19-2........................................................ 209 13-3........................................................ 150 19-3........................................................ 212 13-4........................................................ 153 Wrap-Up............................................... 216 Wrap-Up............................................... 156 Chapter 20 Work and Simple Machines Chapter 14 Inside the Atom Chapter Preview................................... 217 Chapter Preview................................... 157 20-1........................................................ 218 14-1........................................................ 158 20-2........................................................ 221 14-2........................................................ 161 20-3........................................................ 224 Wrap-Up............................................... 164 Wrap-Up............................................... 228 Chapter 15 The Periodic Table Chapter 21 Thermal Energy Chapter Preview................................... 165 Chapter Preview................................... 229 15-1........................................................ 166 21-1........................................................ 230 15-2........................................................ 169 21-2........................................................ 233 15-3........................................................ 173 21-3........................................................ 236 Wrap-Up............................................... 176 Wrap-Up............................................... 240 Chapter 16 Atomic Structure and Chapter 22 Electricity Chemical Bonds Chapter Preview................................... 241 nc. Chapter Preview................................... 177 22-1........................................................ 242 es, I ni 16-1........................................................ 178 22-2........................................................ 245 a p m 16-2........................................................ 181 22-3........................................................ 248 o C Wrap-Up............................................... 184 Wrap-Up............................................... 252 Hill w- a Gr c Chapter 17 Chemical Reactions Chapter 23 Magnetism M e h Chapter Preview................................... 185 Chapter Preview................................... 253 T of 17-1........................................................ 186 23-1........................................................ 254 n o 17-2........................................................ 189 23-2........................................................ 257 visi di Wrap-Up............................................... 192 Wrap-Up............................................... 260 a Hill, w- a Chapter 18 Motion and Momentum Chapter 24 Waves, Sound, and Light Gr c M Chapter Preview................................... 193 Chapter Preview................................... 261 / e o 18-1........................................................ 194 24-1........................................................ 262 c n e 18-2........................................................ 197 24-2........................................................ 265 Gl © 18-3........................................................ 200 24-3........................................................ 268 ht g Wrap-Up............................................... 204 Wrap-Up............................................... 272 pyri o C Academic Vocabulary............................ 273 iv Science Level Blue Note-Taking Tips Your notes are a reminder of what you learned in class. Taking good notes can help you succeed in science. These tips will help you take better notes. • Be an active listener. Listen for important concepts. Pay attention to words, examples, and/or diagrams your teacher emphasizes. • Write your notes as clearly and concisely as possible. The following symbols and abbreviations may be helpful in your note-taking. Word or Symbol or Word or Symbol or Phrase Abbreviation Phrase Abbreviation for example e.g. and + such as i.e. approximately (cid:1) with w/ therefore (cid:1) without w/o versus vs • Use a symbol such as a star (★) or an asterisk (*) to emphasis important concepts. Place a question mark (?) next to anything that you do not understand. • Ask questions and participate in class discussion. c. n s, I • Draw and label pictures or diagrams to help clarify a concept. e ni a p m o C Hill w- Note-Taking Don’ts a Gr c M e h T of on • Don’t write every word. Concentrate on the main ideas and concepts. si vi di a • Don’t use someone else’s notes—they may not make sense. Hill, w- • Don’t doodle. It distracts you from listening actively. a Gr c M • Don’t lose focus or you will become lost in your note-taking. / e o c n e Gl © ht g pyri o C Science Level Blue v Using Your Science Notebook This note-taking guide is designed to Name Date help you succeed in learning science Motion and Momentum content. Each chapter includes: Before You Read Preview the chapter and section titles and the section headings.Complete the two columns ofthe chart by listing at least two ideas in each column. K W What I know What I want to find out Language-Based Activities Accept all reasonable responses. Activities cover the content in your science book including vocabulary, writing, note-taking, and problem solving. Construct the Foldable as directed at the beginning ofthis chapter. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. yDSvboeeteuultsowrcd crSeeciicnbletiayeetn,s n rshaperconeoeswdeo pJ rm oomysun.o.arsunyerbas mle w oeitllielo vvnaa tcriyho,a nbn, ugates ds t hhaoesu yyl domu io nmvTceolu vudhepAed scfirtboanonniimrcsed etk,y poafietur socor a uonstnficr bhddopto iecsoioot ala’ rfslnn buteceeynerist,eat r,osa wop nrgrecwn eenihd t,no h Gafnatrut iony imydogoue aur/ weK laaeoWldsruseiLolnad ngCd .l yhiak ankaaedcrhjdnai tecve osen:t:wton egaari,nc,laocsceo,morp alidsjho,inaitntagin,reach eenmoerrmgeo:usAto: cchoaamvdinee go mugtr;eitaoct s aiVpzpeoeacrabulary approach:to come near factor:any ofthe circumstances or conditions that bring about a result collapse:to fall together or inward fundamental:serving as an original or communicate:to make known or generating source;primary Science Journal give information Motion and Momentum 193 community:a group oforganisms that hybpeo tthesetseids: ana dr eisa sboansaebdl eo ng uwehssa tt hisa tk ncaonw n Write about what live together in the same place and what is observed you know. cocmopnlneexc:temd aind ea uwpa oyf thdaiftf eisre hnatr pda rts interact:to act upon one another nc. Name Date to understand internal:having to do with the inside s, I Section 2 Acceleration (continued) ccoomnsptaonnte:nnt:otp cahrta nogfian gm;accohnitnineu oinr gsystem iinnvteersvtiagla:tsep:atcoe soera rticmh ei nbteot wsoemene tehvinegn tisn panie order to learn the facts m consume:to eat o Thaaebnsoedu aWtmc wrtCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.aiihvktyiiaentot oiIocHangc ueSfoc feopycmr u2aoYs ernag AeolmNAdeec s n rc cC/thTatlhuecosctailHii,sne oe aletfrti’EncRn hSalrse feuteieSEEitolisronoel,,rvI p aampn .Zncpps.t te..ai pi EiisDv 52tteotnli e37oeeypngier24nisdIo. oczseosTera iuitrbniospuvreA,AsaSaAAA e htbcc hnun soao jlllcceoiiieam swennnec6t rgll eeelai ym eisgetamnh urzhnfffercgaaoooseoae/rc rtrrre zt siiie rtsi ogpnzez.(m/s)hSpeed oslu pneneeroeeShnneor rgs hgoe.ashea i876543210atkr ae docttiiaaaiv csicwsovcrrpeec ucoean ulh eayee alnu..plcawor1lcensPeIcCca,ucar s rdcoeatao ae yaice linstlmotsteatael iiid2 ne troo trnpechcia r annvv nlgahitaite re,iedretiaZtotcoiarpeg eon3enuns Sp noanzgrtpl phothtsea siieisn e ilefvrrboatleTy go oe4eisetcpd vi ?dp eerldcmea eoanaef esis owvctrscae l ee. r5keh.sc n c(rT .hL2csctatSyeae0)iiiaetdosmph ilsb cuosoe6 Nnm.eeecheplrnw elo eoaaoi sgnntlwfsrtftehraiiu a o7szorfaesttrrao m incheodvtputncs,sieme oatoet l,a eawarl8nm eannthflltnsetrn do aaf.tod v to tndHVe fse i9t toeopersthnghir e e goer aeeiohnA gtdgntirhvc r ataescnpaCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.tha...badVuneolddddecccccdmoooolyioeicaivsaffoacnnrnvmmrep ee nrlviottaaprerl cii:rraoyeamsntsa:aoeicutmrcecranhyb:cv troate:ett:te:aeei h e:tc:nrlrr onel:urGtu etseutfoteoo ewlpoyoouratg rlteor: cs ;ritolmmaarou lh aapgarltonaaaok la ieur c ilnn etgkn twrehog g serusprstnre eir htmiotsto drsc hdepresysfur ear aeqro amtponlobimhu f slmtpepeaeee erDcaoenc n ;soorrretcatn vyh mn pe ddmoaoe leeeerfoaf eibsce fcefoosc isaegpdhvorreten hmloemvareyreeep dtes minennit ctrhfllots o aoiveonrly eghsopseumol npteonooimmmmso svcuuoeaaonosonoooectycl.titodprrrrubural nhu emaeucstrdarwotorbtaeelli:lLatpeelpee:da::rr:ivp:tuetyv:n:uhaoeieetusi ec:to nito apsdonteot corefaat gsat olbfordkeu oust teetlpodcrihl rcc ua oicpapresounsrenntoloalmgea latmocwat dcirreeenat e eiei v tnpunf frorteroSnunre hgo odrrlcohi elym centiyteheotelg g lhi anbd dpv otpiceeenhu t epv hvrergd ieeeeeL ;siadn,rrluetoest ;toavobepcttleymcotiaelzl hl dyeaiBbnc elciuq iferuoceuu,ni2td73 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill C around the circle of the track. higher on standardized tests. Motion and Momentum 199 vi Science Level Blue Name Date Section 3 Momentum (continued) Chapter Wrap-Up Mass and Inertia Labelthe arrow below to show the relationship between mass I found this information andinertia. This brings the information together on page . SE, p. 533 for you. Revisiting what you thought RE, p. 276 Greater Has more inertia mass at the beginning of the chapter provides Less another opportunity for you to discuss mass Has less inertia what you have learned. Momentum Listtwo factors that affect an object’s momentum. oIn f opuangde this information. 1. affect momentum SE, p. 534 2. RE, pp. 276–277 Summarizethe calculation ofmomentumin words on the lines below. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. tPspbwanaIrerih otomdcfhobvo puulitmoedelhnnCemefdeei to m ssstaMchn. tCocatuisosoqlmdc uiemuhneeoaNrfnlenoaievltntrtpsuranitmo emotwttanhdniuitseotimohtmnnee l-lTwTiCm(AlSA teinshonuftooTtat eammreemkm drrlgmypm k aswe tp z•slwonuae esmtmstoirot uioii ente /nnzbmhrgnsee aet k)th-p tlu(cid:1)ilegtwerlshmqoC e oeeuscg qeaooblruBnaaoftalalwi tmiloa dltmm nsniasleoo o ta,aonfbuh msst bbcyahuseooj teseeimn vntec cstetdosuto de lvamittlrpseaiondv.n ll (d co (cid:2)ceiamn aa cotra li iemlokcotcswymg Fuunvna )rlli eanaino(cid:3)otnt t efee emt xumd imrteam obtumoem ymsvmirpis esnmel ele tgnonphu. tctseaeluuytir timmms pystal.beymiocinnloe sgy n.(ao idUnsu. srbme oe /twfhosen)re MRitNnheacivromdiroe rcweeo c tWlttuh iimehn onfaiod.tre nmKaI sak ytniooaounw lininst ethdde i nf i rtMshWte c cohohlauatmrm tIn a.wtT eathhneWennt b tceoogtm infuipnnliendmtge o otuhfett hcehC Aracehrhcstaca pbepoWpyptne tftr shi.aleeDalClisln trra.r goetI sea LiWslns eo otaruhnrtaea n abpenledy-Up on page . PracticeS Ee, pf. 5f3e5ctthiev coellis inon.ote-taking through RE, p. 277 the use of graphic organizers, outlines, Motion and Momentum 201 and written summaries. Review Use this checklist to help you study. e McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. SNoeIna fc moptuaienog AdReSn EEca th2,,cni spped ippAnl ..cefM o52crr27oeam82ltta––eii52toori27oann93n.t ion Dt(hcieos ntctioinnnguceuedpis)t hmtahpe. three waysA tchcianetcl laeurnda eotsbiojenct cDaant aec celerate.Complete l1miteS.s aeM raSRRRLRSvUnosettoeeeeuuMuetlov-vvoiddrdroiiikeceeeyyeM naiwwwa ostty dy bvmhA oh .dtteoethhuouRhar ueer dwsiet tIl ethSy Si Z cnmvf ecbeihhfein EeloeoCaoflin orttpmmhCimcicotoaeIeeehin apntrNwaTeyts t isca eaooocokunrtnrnhef ArdkRda bea yv fto aerdnt oomeotsve guchvbskiroeea ie iyTygiermoswb n neew ncuc oenaomoa ll hvatnuddttmhehr edt itiunyonuerpshei t fg mdaetwcscsi . er hm ht.oeiifahnana nhrec riAdpgodyls.htst sc o iei.oc3,atscurr h.fegs.ew rRcMar pvt iFatthpttiopohy eoteea mhle ndalcsrhlo.eah, , vrrnbaiaeedltlpunefaeuieeteds.menre oerlrit .lnanielpfuwac qysberu cttsl raehpan l hro strCieei oynaesennta p.tsoh h.ood2pinbn.u sjeAg eetsccsa ctce.t’hsean klaemrtsr aady lsstoitisoue sne thip mtsasver sset e swp. haraCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.et h T of 1.speeding up 2.slowing down 3.changing n direction 204 Motion and Momentum o si a divi AcCcaelcleurlaattiionng oCbojmecptsl emtoevtihneg mina ath setmraaigtihcta lli neqe.uation to calculateacceleration for w-Hill, oIn f opuangde this iRnSfEEo,,r mpp..a 52ti37o03n. Acceleration Equfaintiaoln speed (in m/s) (cid:2) initial speed (in m/s) Copyright © Glencoe/McGra HapwtpcooraIalanhe e lrwfv ocs otpgenu ouaao oelrnsgarfkordee tt a ud iw sotlcd heeiinctenisvhssen s e m.lits eRnrSssatrfaEE koualwt ,,rihdte lmihlppeoxeo..anand 52tmt is37o-14n. aCcAocsRiCon(nmpcieahmnieetlpal iaelypamnletdezlaigr ot/esariensnpet 2tsiige) hnoha eetnidnhp e ed(cid:1) tqo o cufchaoatnirIliottenn.nrsciaTts ria seaytbthlap osaspevPapneoseoe s(cid:1) fesitoitnodiift av iri(vleAses e wcafcn(cid:1)rtiedttles ienm iire)tea guta(siitoiniIgdnvnn regseie) tc siaarayteclme acsrNesb plteoeehelrgaesaa.ndtt iifiovsinne ably Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. tAo vaanraielytazyne Gdo a frrn avedpims hsueiuacmml Oobmrreggaraa rcnnizoiiezzn eetirrnessnf ohtr.emlpa ytiooun final speed speed. speed. 198 Motion and Momentum Science Level Blue vii Name Date The Nature of Science Before You Read Preview the chapter title, section titles, and section headings. List at least two ideas for each section in each column. K W What I know What I want to find out Construct the Foldable as directed at the beginning of this chapter. c. n s, I e Science Journal ni a p m o Describe the most interesting science activity you’ve ever done. Identify as many parts C Hill of the scientific process used in the activity as you can. w- a Gr c M e h T of n o si vi di a Hill, w- a Gr c M / e o c n e Gl © ht g pyri o C The Nature of Science 1 Name Date The Nature of Science Section 1 What is science? Skim the headings in Section 1. Write three questions that come to mind from reading these headings. Look for answers to each question as you read the section. 1. 2. 3. Review Vocabulary Define observation to show its scientific meaning. observation New Vocabulary Use each key term in a sentence to show it scientific meaning. science scientist c. n s, I e ni a p m o C Hill technology w- a Gr c M e h T of Academic n o Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define investigate. visi di a investigate Hill, w- a Gr c M / e o c n e Gl © ht g pyri o C 2 The Nature of Science

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