Science and Technology of Rapid Solidification and Processing

383 Pages·1995·19.2 MB·English

by  H. C. Chang

Science and Technology of
Rapid Solidification and Processing
NATO ASI Series
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Series E: Applied Sciences-Voi. 278
Science and Technology
of Rapid Solidification
and Processing
editedby
Monde A. Otooni
MaterialsandAeroballisticTechnology Division,
Armament Engineering Directorate,
U.S.Army Armament Research, Development andEngineering Center(ARDEC),
Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, U.S.A.
SpringerScience+Business Media, B.v.
Proceedings ofthe NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Science and Technologyof RapidSolidification and Processing
West Point Military Academy, NewYork, NY, U.S.A.
June 21-24, 1994
AC.I.P.Cataloguerecordforthisbook isavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress.
ISBN978-94-010-4100-3 ISBN978-94-011-0223-0(eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0223-0
Printedon acid-freepaper
AIIRights Reserved
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
OriginallypublishedbyKluwerAcademicPublishersin1995
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo
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permission from thecopyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ix
Organization Committees and Cosponsors xi
Grain Boundary Deformation and Fracture of a Fine Grained, High Purity
AL-2% MG Alloy at 150°C (423K)
H. C. Chang and N.J. Grant
Growth Parameters in Formation and Stability of Rapidly Solidified
Microstructure
H. Jones 13
Synthesis and Properties of Bulk Metallic Glasses
W.L. Johnson and A. Peker 25
Synthesis and Properties of Bulk Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Alloys
S.J. Poon, Y. He, G.J. Shiflet and G.M. Dougherty 43
Aluminum-Rich Metallic Glasses
G.S. Shiflet, Y. He, S.J. Poon, G.M. Dougherty and H. Chen 53
Numerical and Experimental Study of Porosity Evolution During Plasma
Spray Deposition of W
H. Liu, W Cai, R.H. Rangel and E. Lavernia 73
Spray Processing of Ti Metal Matrix Composites
P.S. Grant, Y. Y. Zhao, J.H. Li, M.L. Jenkins and B. Cantor 109
Spray Forming with Uniform Droplets
c.A. Chen, S. Sahu, J.-H. Chun and T. Ando 123
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloys and Metal Matrix
Composites (MMCs) Processed by the Spray Forming Technique
J.S. Zhang, WJ. Zhang and G.L. Chen 135
VI
Surface Crystallization and Field Induced Anisotropy of Cobalt-Rich
Amorphous Alloys
c.K. Kim, R.C. O'Handley and w.K. Ho 147
A Perspective on the High Resistance to Coarsening and Durability of
Silicide Dispersions in RSPM AI-Fe-V -Si Alloys
D.M.l. Wilkes and H. Jones 157
Short-Drop-Tube Experiments on AICuFe Alloys
C. Voltz, B. Vinet and J. Blerry 173
Solidification of Refractory Materials Processed in the Ultrahigh-Vacuum
Drop Tube at the CEREMlGrenobie
S. Toumier, B. Vinet and E. Cini 179
Thixoforming of Spray Cast Materials
A. Zavaliangos and A. Lawley 185
High Temperature Deformation of Rapidly Solidified 7091 PIM Aluminum
Alloy
H.N. Azari, G.S. Murty and G.S. Upadhyaya 195
Microstructures, Tensile Properties and Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of the
Zirconium Modified 2024 Alloys Processed by Liquid Dynamic Compaction
X. Duan, A. Farah, 1. Ucok and N.J. Grant 205
Processing and Structure of a Rapidly Solidified Mg-8.5wt.%Li-lwt.%Ca-lwt.%Y
Alloy via Liquid Dynamic Compaction
I. Ucok and K. Kubota 217
Rapid Solidification Processing of Discontinuously-Reinforced Metal Matrix
Composites
T.S. Srivastan, T.S. Sudarshan and E.J. Lavemia 227
Processing and Properties of Spray Formed 2xxx Aluminum Alloys
A. Kahveci 249
Self-Diffusion and Relaxation Processes in Amorphous Metallic Alloys
H. Kronmiiller, W. Frank and P. Scharwaechter 271
Microscopic Criteria for Glass Formation
T. Egami 291
VII
Magnetic Behavior in Nanocrystalline Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B Alloys at Elevated
Temperatures
I. Skorvdnek, c.K. Kim and R.C. O'Handley 309
Diffusion, Oxidation, and Nucleation of Crystalline Phases in the Glass-Forming
System Zr6aNi2sAIIs
S. Schneider, X. Sun, M.-A. Nicolet and W.L. Johnson 317
Non-Contact AC Calorimetry of Undercooled Alloys
D.S. Lee, D. Uffelman and W.L. Johnson 327
Diffraction Studies of the Structure of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Fe-W
Alloys
C.N.J. Wagner, E. Yang and M.S. Boldrick 339
Structural Characteristics of the Nanocrystalline Materials Synthesized by
Completely Crystallizing Amorphous Alloys
K. Lu 349
Theory of Crystallization of PZT Thin Films
E. Dang 363
Subject Index 373
PREFACE
This book represents a collection of papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research
Workshop (NATO/ARW) on "Science and Technology of Rapid Solidification and
Processing", held at Hotel Thayer, West Point Military Academy, New York, N.Y., during
June 21-24, 1994. The workshop was attended by over forty scientists representing several
NATO member countries as well as representatives from Japan, China (PRC), Taiwan and
India.
The purpose of this NATO/ARW conference was to review the major advances made in
most recent years in both the theoretical and experimental areas of rapid solidification
technology and processing. In accordance with the NATO/ARW format, the agenda for
the conference was so arranged to offer in depth presentation of the latest developments
in the subject area as well as to encourage follow-up discussions by the participants. There
was seven sessions each opened with a lecture by an invited guest speaker. Sessions 1-4,
covered two days of the conference and focused mainly on Processing Technologies of
Rapid Solidification and Thermodynamic Properties (Practical Applications). Sessions 4-6
concentrated on Thermodynamics of Metastable Alloys, Relaxation, Diffusion, Magnetic
and Electric Properties (Fundamentals). Session 6 was devoted to the Structural
Characterization of Supercooled Melts, Ultra Fine Polycrystalline Materials (New
Innovations and Techniques).
There were two equally important aspects of this NATO/ARW conference which must be
mentioned. Firstly, this is the first NATO/ARW conference on Science and Technology
of Rapid Solidification and Processing held in the United States. It was particularly
appropriate that this conference was held at the Military Academy, emphasizing as it does
the bringing together scientists from the United States and those from other countries.
Secondly, for the first time young scientists (Graduate students or Postdoctoral fellows)
were invited to participate with the hope that this tradition will continue in the future and
will prepare the younger generation of scientists and engineers for a better appreciation
of tomorrow's need for scientific cooperation among all nations. The sponsorship of this
conference by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division presented just such an opportunity
and it is gratefully acknowledged.
I am most thankful to Professors N. Grant (MIT), H. Jones (Sheffield U), and Prof. T.
Egami (u. of P) for their support and encouragement in organizing this NATO/ARW
conference. An international meeting such as this takes a considerable effort in planning
and organization. It is indeed a pleasure for me to acknowledge the help and advice I
ix
x
received from Dr. Surya N. Bulusu for giving me the benefit of his past experience in
organizing a NATO sponsored conference. I am very much indebted to my wife, Madame
Beatrice Otooni, for her numerous suggestions in developing the program and planning
the logistics of the conference. In addition to the main lecturers it was an honor to have
Professor Morris Cohen (MIT), Dr Lance Davis (DOD) and Dr R. Damadian (Fonar Cor.)
as guest speakers. I express my deep gratitude to these individuals for their excellent
presentations.
Equally important was the generous help I received from Dr Xiaoman Duan, Ms Elaine
Tirrelle, and Dr I. Ucok (all from MIT) and Mrs I. Clements (U. P). Of course, I will be
always grateful to Mrs Nel de Boer of Kluwer Academic Publishers who so diligently
kept me informed of all details regarding timely submission of manuscripts. My many
thanks to the managing staffs at the Hotel Thayer who made every effort to make smooth
running of the conference possible. The meeting was highly successful and enjoyable due
to diligent efforts of all participants giving a strong indication of goodwill and trust which
comprise the foundation of human spirit among all mankind.
Monde A. Otooni
PROCEEEDING OF THE NATO ADVANCED WORKSHOP ON SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY OF RAPID SOLIDIFICATION AND PROCESSING
Held at: Hotel Thayer, U.S. Military Academy
New York, USA
June 21-24, 1994
INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Dr. M. A. otooni (Director) USA
Prof. N. J. Grant (MIT) USA
Prof. H. Jones (Sheffield) U.K
Prof. H. Kronmuller (Max-Planck) Germany
Prof. T. Egami (U of P) USA
Prof. w. Johnson (Caltec) USA
Prof. B. Cantor (Oxford) U.K
Prof. R. o 'Handley (MIT) USA
Prof. c. Wagner (U. Cal) USA
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
Prof. N. J. Grant
Dr. M. A. Otooni
Prof. T. Egami
Prof. W. Johnson
Prof. H. Jones
Prof. T. Ando (B. U)
Dr. L. Davis (DOD)
Dr. X. Duan (MIT)
Prof. B. Cantor
Prof. H. Kronmuller
LOCAL PLANNING COMMITTEE
Prof. N. J. Grant
Dr. M. A. otooni
Prof. T. Egami
Prof. R. O'Handley
Prof. T. Ando
Cosponsor of the NATO/ARW Conference
ALCOA Corporation of America
xi