Science and Empire: Knowledge and Networks of Science across the British Empire, 1800–1970 PDF
Preview Science and Empire: Knowledge and Networks of Science across the British Empire, 1800–1970
Britain and the World Editors Bryan Glass,University of Texas at Austin James Onley,University of Exeter, UK Gregory Barton,The Australian National University Wm. Roger Louis,University of Texas at Austin Science and Empire: Knowledge and Networks of Science Across the British Empire, 1800–1970is the second book in the Britain and the Worldseries, edited by The British Scholar Society and published by Palgrave Macmillan. From the sixteenth century onward, Britain’s influence on the world became more progressively profound and far-reaching, in time touching every continent and subject, from Africa to South America and archaeology to zoology. Although the histories of Britain and the world became increasingly intertwined, mainstream British history still neglects the world’s influence upon domestic developments and British overseas history remains largely confined to the study of the British Empire. This series takes a broader approach to British history, seeking to investigate the full extent of the world’s influenceon Britain and Britain’s influence on the world. Joseph Hodge and Brett Bennett’s book is the most wide-ranging survey of scientific endeavour within the British Empire yet published. It examines the interconnections between science, the British Empire, and the emergence of a globalized world. It identifies and analyzes the web of scientific networks crisscrossing the British Empire through which scientific knowledge and authority were produced, circulated and legitimated. It engages critically with new ways of thinking about networked connections across space, and about the relationality of multiple colonial, metropolitan, and even extra-imperial sites. Finally, it offers a comparative perspective that surveys a variety of scientific initiatives and circuits, and that charts the movement of various agendas, ideas, people, and practices across Africa, Australia, Britain, India and elsewhere. Each chapter combines rigorous research with theoretical reflection based on the latest literature, as well as serving as a useful introduction to that literature. We believe Science and Empirewill become a standard reference for years to come. Forthcoming titles in the Britain and the Worldseries include: IMPERIAL ENDGAME: Britain’s Dirty Wars and the End of Empire Benjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon SCIENCE AND EMPIRE: Knowledge and Networks of Science Across the British Empire, 1800–1970 Edited by Brett M. Bennett and Joseph M. Hodge MUSE OF EMPIRE: The Classics, British Imperialism and the Indian Empire, 1784–1914 Christopher Hagerman THE PAPER WAR: Anglo-American Debates About the American Republic, 1800–1830 Joe Eaton BRITISH IMAGES OF GERMANY: Admiration, Antagonism and Ambivalence, 1860–1914 Richard Scully Science and Empire Knowledge and Networks of Science across the British Empire, 1800–1970 Edited By Brett M. Bennett Lecturer in Modern History, University of Western Sydney Joseph M. Hodge Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies, Department of History, West Virginia University, USA Palgrave macmillan Editorial matter, selection and introduction © Brett M. Bennett and Joseph M. Hodge 2011 All remaining chapters © their respective authors 2011 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2011 978-0-230-25228-8 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2011 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, HampshireRG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978-1-349-32190-2 ISBN 978-0-230-32082-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230320826 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Science and empire : knowledge and networks of science across the British Empire, 1800–1970 / edited by Brett M. Bennett [and] Joseph M. Hodge. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Science–Great Britain–History. 2. Science–Great Britain– Historiography. 3. Learning and scholarship–Great Britain–History. 4. Science–Great Britain– Societies, etc.–History. 5. Imperialism–Social aspects–Great Britain–History. 6. Scientists–Great Britain–Colonies–History. 7. Great Britain–Colonies– History. 8. Decolonization–Great Britain–History. 9. Great Britain– Intellectual life–19th century. 10. Great Britain–Intellectual life–20th century. I. Bennett, Brett M., 1983– II. Hodge, Joseph Morgan, 1965– Q127.G4S4183 2011 509.171′241–dc23 2011016883 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 To Wm. Roger Louis Contents List of Abbreviations ix List of Tables and Figures x Preface xi Notes on Contributors xiv Part I Historiography and Overview 1 1 Science and Empire: An Overview of the Historical 3 Scholarship Joseph M. Hodge 2 The Consolidation and Reconfiguration of ‘British’ 30 Networks of Science, 1800–1970 Brett M. Bennett Part II Knowledge and Networks in the Nineteenth 45 and Early Twentieth Centuries 3 Science and the British Empire from its Beginnings to 1850 47 John Gascoigne 4 A Network Approach to the Origins of Forestry 68 Education in India, 1855–1885 Brett M. Bennett 5 Anatomy of Reception: Science, Nation and Religion in 89 Hindi-Language Print Media of Colonial South Asia Rajive Tiwari 6 ‘A Science of Our Own’: Nineteenth Century Exhibitions, 110 Australians and the History of Science Peter H. Hoffenberg 7 Between the Nation and the World: J.T. Wilson and 140 Scientific Networks in the Early Twentieth Century Tamson Pietsch vii viii Contents Part III Knowledge and Networks at the End of 161 Empire 8 Albert Howard and the Decolonization of Science: 163 From the Raj to Organic Farming Gregory A. Barton 9 ‘The Chance to Send Their First Class Men Out to the 187 Colonies’: The Making of the Colonial Research Service Sabine Clarke 10 The Hybridity of Colonial Knowledge: British Tropical 209 Agricultural Science and African Farming Practices at the End of Empire Joseph M. Hodge 11 The Science of Decolonization: The Retention of 232 ‘Environmental Authority’ in the Contest for Antarctic Sovereignty between Britain, Argentina, and Chile, 1939–59 Adrian Howkins 12 Unexploited Assets: Imperial Imagination, Practical 253 Limitations, and Marine Fisheries Research in East Africa, 1917–53 Christian Jennings 13 Thomas Adeoye Lambo and the Decolonization of 275 Psychiatry in Nigeria Matthew M. Heaton 14 The Reconfiguration of Scientific Career Networks in 297 the Late Colonial Period: The Case of the Food and Agriculture Organization and the British Colonial Forestry Service Jennifer Gold Epilogue 321 Michael Worboys Bibliography 327 Index 342 List of Abbreviations AAS Australian Academy of Science ARC Agricultural Research Council CAC Colonial Advisory Council on Agricultural & Animal Health CDC Colonial Development Corporation CD&W Colonial Development and Welfare CFAC Colonial Fisheries Advisory Committee CFS Colonial Forestry Service CGIAR Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research CO Colonial Office CRC Colonial Research Committee CMRC Colonial Medical Research Council CRC Colonial Research Council CRS Colonial Research Service DSIR Department of Scientific and Industrial Research EAHC East Africa High Commission EAMFRO East African Marine Fisheries Research Organization EIC East India Company FAO UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization FSSU Federated Superannuation Scheme for Universities GTS Great Trigonometric Survey of India HMOCS Her Majesty’s Overseas Civil Service IARS Imperial Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa ICTA Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad IFS Indian Forest Service INC Indian National Congress IPSS International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia IRRI International Rice Research Institute, Philippines IGY International Geophysical Year IWC International Whaling Commission MRC Medical Research Council OFC Overseas Food Corporation RGS Royal Geographic Society SPRI Scott Polar Research Institute WHO World Health Organization ix
The list of books you might like
