SCHOOL SHOOTERS Other Works by Peter Langman NONFICTION WhyKidsKill:InsidetheMindsofSchoolShooters(2009) JewishIssuesinMulticulturalism:AHandbookforEducatorsandClinicians(1999) THEATER MonologuesfromtheplayHunger “Anorexia”and“ObesityTalksBack”inYoungWomen’sMonologuesfromContem- poraryPlays#2(ed.GeraldLeeRatliff)(2008) “MyBattlewithBulimia”inAuditionMonologuesforYoungWomen#2(ed.Gerald LeeRatliff)(2013) POETRY TheLastDaysofJohnKeatsandOtherPoems(2009) SCHOOL SHOOTERS Understanding High School, College, and Adult Perpetrators Peter Langman, PhD ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London PublishedbyRowman&Littlefield AwhollyownedsubsidiaryofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup, Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com UnitA,WhitacreMews,26–34StannaryStreet,LondonSE114AB,United Kingdom Copyright©2015byPeterLangman Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorby anyelectronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretriev- alsystems,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewer whomayquotepassagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataAvailable ISBN978-1-4422-3356-0(cloth:alk.paper)—ISBN978-1-4422-3357-7(electronic) TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsof AmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaper forPrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica CONTENTS ListofFigures ix ListofTables xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction xv CommentsontheCases xvi CommentsonDiagnosis xvii CommentsonSymptomsandPatterns xvii 1 LayingtheFoundation 1 ThreePopulationsofSchoolShooters 2 ThreePsychologicalTypesofSchoolShooters 3 2 PsychopathicSecondarySchoolShooters 5 AWordonPsychopathicPersonalities 5 AttacksbyPsychopathicSecondarySchoolShooters 7 RobertPoulin 7 BrendaSpencer 10 BarryLoukaitis 14 AndrewGolden 16 EricHarris 18 RobertSteinhäuser 23 TimKretschmer 25 Comments 28 3 PsychoticSecondarySchoolShooters 29 AWordonPsychoticSymptoms 29 AttacksbyPsychoticSecondarySchoolShooters 31 LukeWoodham 31 v vi CONTENTS MichaelCarneal 34 AndrewWurst 37 KiplandKinkel 39 DylanKlebold 42 AlvaroCastillo 44 Pekka-EricAuvinen 47 Comments 51 4 TraumatizedSecondarySchoolShooters 55 AWordonTrauma 55 AttacksbyTraumatizedSecondarySchoolShooters 57 EricHouston 57 GaryScottPennington 60 JamesRouse 62 EvanRamsey 65 MitchellJohnson 68 JasonHoffman 70 JeffreyWeise 72 EricHainstock 76 AsaCoon 79 Thomas“T.J.”Lane 81 Comments 82 5 CollegeShooters:TargetedAttacks 85 TargetedAttacksbyPsychopathicShooters 86 GangLu 86 ValeryFabrikant 88 RobertFlores 91 Comments 93 TargetedAttacksbyShooterswithPsychoticand PsychopathicTraits 94 PeterOdighizuwa 94 BiswanathHalder 96 AmyBishop 99 Comments 102 6 CollegeShooters:RandomandAmbiguousAttacks 103 RandomAttacksbyPsychopathicShooters 103 CharlesWhitman 103 WayneLo 107 Comments 110 RandomAttacksbyPsychoticShooters 110 SeungHuiCho 110 StevenKazmierczak 114 MattiSaari 117 CONTENTS vii Comments 119 AmbiguousAttacks 121 EdwardAllaway 121 OneGoh 123 Comments 125 7 AberrantAdultShooters 127 YoungAdultsWhoAttackedCollegesTheyDidNotAttend 127 MarcLépine 127 JillianRobbins 129 KimveerGill 131 Comments 134 AdultsWhoAttackedSchoolsTheyHadAttendedYears Before 134 PatrickPurdy 134 BrucoEastwood 137 WellingtondeOliveira 138 AdamLanza 140 Comments 143 AdultsWhoAttackedElementarySchoolstoWhichThey HadNoConnection 143 LaurieDann 143 JamesWilson 147 ThomasHamilton 149 Comments 153 AdultWhoseAttackWasinanAtypicalEducationalSetting 154 JiverlyWong 154 8 PatternsamongSchoolShooters 157 TheSignificanceoftheBody 157 MilitaryFailures 160 EducationalFailures 163 OccupationalFailures 169 RomanticFailures 171 FrequentandSignificantRelocations 172 PsychoticShooters:SiblingRivalry 173 OtherPossibleFactors 174 ExternalInfluences 176 PeerSupport 176 IdeologiesandRoleModels 177 MediaViolence 178 Summary 180 9 PreventingSchoolShootings:ThreatAssessmentand WarningSigns 181 viii CONTENTS TheManyFacesofSchoolShooters 182 ThreatAssessment 183 WhatAretheWarningSigns? 184 FormsofLeakage 185 SchoolAssignments 186 WarningSignsatHome 187 WarningSignsOnline 188 SuddenPurchaseofFirearms 188 SchoolEmployees 189 AberrantAttacks 190 TheUnpredictabilityofVictimSelection 191 ImmediateAftermath 192 10 KeyFindings 195 FindingsversusConventionalWisdom 195 TheMagnitudeofTheirAttacks 201 SuicideamongSchoolShooters 203 TheTypologyacrossthePopulationsofShooters 206 OtherObservations 209 Conclusion 214 Notes 215 SelectedBibliography 259 Index 267 AbouttheAuthor 279
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