School of PE - Civil Engineering PE Exam - Breath and Depth

2202 Pages·2017·1.84 MB·English

by  School of PE

Page 2 of 220 Construction School of PE - Notes
School of PE Contents
CHAPTER 0 CONTENTS
Chapter 0 Contents ......................................................................................................................i
Preamble ............................................................................................................................ vi
How to use this Refresher Course Study Guide ..................................................................... vii
Preface ................................................................................................................................. viii
Refresher Course Activity Organization/Administration ........................................................... ix
References ..............................................................................................................................x
Chapter 1 Construction Earthwork .......................................................................................... 1-1
Soils - Swell and Shrinkage ............................................................................................. 1-2
Relative Compaction ...................................................................................................... 1-12
The Laboratory Proctor .................................................................................................. 1-14
Soil Compaction ............................................................................................................. 1-16
Excavation & Embankment – Means and Methods ........................................................ 1-17
Excavation and Embankment – Visual DICTIONARY .................................................... 1-20
Earthwork Volume Computations ................................................................................... 1-22
Angle of Repose – Internal Angle of Friction .................................................................. 1-23
CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM .......................................................................... 1-24
Calculating Percent Grade ............................................................................................. 1-25
OSHA Classification of Soils .......................................................................................... 1-26
OSHA Classification of Soils: Subpart P – Excavations Appendix B............................... 1-27
LAYERED SOILS ........................................................................................................... 1-28
Average End Area Method ............................................................................................. 1-31
Topographical Contour Data - Cut and Fill Volumes ...................................................... 1-36
Differential Leveling ....................................................................................................... 1-39
Surveying with Construction Applications ....................................................................... 1-42
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Trigonometric Leveling ................................................................................................... 1-44
Chapter 2 Estimating Quantities and Costs ............................................................................. 2-1
Cost Estimating ................................................................................................................ 2-3
Quantity Take-Offs ........................................................................................................... 2-4
Estimating Takeoff Quantities .......................................................................................... 2-7
Estimating Formwork ....................................................................................................... 2-9
Building Materials – Roof Surface Materials ................................................................... 2-11
Estimating Brick Masonry ............................................................................................... 2-14
Brick Veneer Quantities ................................................................................................. 2-16
Computing Geometric Properties ................................................................................... 2-17
Painting Quantities ......................................................................................................... 2-20
Estimating Labor Costs .................................................................................................. 2-21
Equipment Production .................................................................................................... 2-22
Labor Productivity .......................................................................................................... 2-23
Chapter 3 Construction Operations and Methods ................................................................... 3-1
A Guide to Crane Safety .................................................................................................. 3-2
Mechanical Properties of Materials .................................................................................. 3-4
Simple Beam Analysis ..................................................................................................... 3-7
Design Factor Comparison .............................................................................................. 3-8
Wire Rope Stretch .......................................................................................................... 3-11
Conditions for a Rigid-Body in Equilibrium ..................................................................... 3-14
Crane Selection, erection, and stability .......................................................................... 3-15
Center of Gravity – Class Review .................................................................................. 3-17
Crane Working Range Diagram ..................................................................................... 3-18
Tipping Fulcrum ............................................................................................................. 3-22
Crane Outrigger Stability ................................................................................................ 3-27
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Equipment Production .................................................................................................... 3-28
Daily standard production rate of Equipment .................................................................. 3-29
Daily standard production rate of a dump truck .............................................................. 3-30
Productivity Analysis and Improvement .......................................................................... 3-31
Effects of job size on productivity ................................................................................... 3-32
Actual versus Ultimate strength ...................................................................................... 3-33
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) ........................................... 3-34
Types of soil erosion ...................................................................................................... 3-36
Common SWPPP Objectives ......................................................................................... 3-37
SWPPP Development—Selecting Erosion and Sediment Control BMPs........................ 3-38
Chapter 4 Project Scheduling ............................................................................................... 4-1
Calculating Project Duration ............................................................................................. 4-2
Project Sequencing and Scheduling................................................................................. 4-4
Project Scheduling – Types of Methods ........................................................................... 4-6
Units of Time Convention ................................................................................................. 4-7
Precedence Relationships ............................................................................................... 4-8
Lead Lag Relationships .................................................................................................... 4-8
Project Scheduling - Defining the Terms .......................................................................... 4-9
Critical Path Network Analysis ......................................................................................... 4-9
Arrow Diagramming Method........................................................................................... 4-10
Precedence Definitions for Activity on Arrow (AOA) Network Diagrams ......................... 4-11
Activity Relationships – Precedence Tables ................................................................... 4-15
Activity Sequencing ........................................................................................................ 4-17
Leveling ....................................................................................................................... 4-19
Glossary of Scheduling Terms ....................................................................................... 4-22
Chapter 5 Material Quality Control and Production ................................................................. 5-1
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Material Specifications ..................................................................................................... 5-2
Slump Test ....................................................................................................................... 5-4
Aggregate Terms and Definitions ............................................................................. 5-6
Concrete w/c ratio ............................................................................................................ 5-7
Concrete Mix Design - Proportions................................................................................... 5-8
Air Entrained Concrete ..................................................................................................... 5-9
Concrete Strength Testing – Compressive Strength ........................................... 5-11
Concrete Strength Testing – Tensile Strength ..................................................... 5-12
Hot Mix Asphalt - Short Course ...................................................................................... 5-14
Typical asphalt concrete pavement structure ................................................................. 5-16
ASPHALT CEMENT: GRADING SYSTEMS AND PROPERTIES .................................. 5-17
How Asphalt Concrete Pavements Fail .......................................................................... 5-18
Fog Seal ........................................................................................................................ 5-19
FUNCTION OF A FOG SEAL ........................................................................................ 5-19
Asphalt Performance ..................................................................................................... 5-20
Concrete Mix Design – Concrete Essentials ......................................................... 5-25
CURING DEFINED ..................................................................................................... 5-26
Concrete Protection for Reinforcement ................................................................. 5-27
Reinforcement Type .................................................................................................. 5-29
ACI – Joints in Concrete Construction ............................................................................ 5-31
Concrete Mix Design - Ratios......................................................................................... 5-33
Concrete Admixtures ..................................................................................................... 5-34
Chapter 6 Temporary Structures .......................................................................................... 6-1
Falsework ........................................................................................................................ 6-2
Formwork ......................................................................................................................... 6-3
Concrete Formwork ......................................................................................................... 6-4
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Load Paths - Defined ....................................................................................................... 6-6
Load Paths ....................................................................................................................... 6-8
Tributary Area ................................................................................................................ 6-11
Temporary Loads – Factor of Safety .............................................................................. 6-13
Torque ........................................................................................................................... 6-15
Forces on a Knot ............................................................................................................ 6-16
Balancing Loads ............................................................................................................ 6-18
Concentrated Loads Unsymmetrically Placed ................................................................ 6-20
Objects at Rest .............................................................................................................. 6-22
Factor of Safety – Concrete WallForms ......................................................................... 6-24
Temporary Bracing ........................................................................................................ 6-25
Chapter 7 Worker Health, Safety, and Environment ............................................................... 7-1
OSHA regulations ............................................................................................................ 7-2
Fall Protection .................................................................................................................. 7-3
OSHA and the NCEES Exam ........................................................................................... 7-4
How to Read the OSHA Standards 29 CFR 1926 – Construction .................................... 7-5
OSHA Subpart P -- Excavations ...................................................................................... 7-6
OSHA Subpart L -- Scaffolds ........................................................................................ 7-7
OSHA Subpart N -- Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors ......................... 7-8
OSHA Subpart U -- BLASTING and the Use of Explosives .............................................. 7-9
Scaffolding ..................................................................................................................... 7-12
Protective Equipment (PPE)........................................................................................... 7-13
Safety management ....................................................................................................... 7-14
Experience modification Rate......................................................................................... 7-15
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Page 7 of 220 Construction School of PE - Notes
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PREAMBLE
The material provided in the refresher course is intended
for instructional use only. The design code reference
and solution techniques
are a guide for instruction.
The reference material
included herein should not
be used as a sole source
for the PE Exam and/or
engineering practice. The
NCEES provides updated
design Code standards
that should be the source for your use. Visit the NCEES
website for the most current information regarding the PE
Exam and confirm the design standards used for the test
construction
All solution steps have been vetted and are provided for
ease of instruction. There are many methods that can be
used to arrive at a solution which fit your specific
educational background and
experience. Alternate methods
and computational techniques
based on your familiarity should
be used.
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Page 8 of 220 Construction School of PE - Notes
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HOW TO USE THIS REFRESHER COURSE STUDY GUIDE
Throughout the Refresher Course Notes the following symbol
represents references to the Civil Engineering Reference Manual for
the PE Exam (CERM15) and page locations for further review and
study:
Sample 1 This symbol provides the reference to
similar subject matter in the CERM-15. The
Chapter

reference guides you to the general area to help aid
 Page number
your self study. Often the subject matter and
course material are not an exact match but the
 
location points to a general area to find additional information about the subject matter
Sample 2:
fast facts
This example text box contains subject material that is supplemental to the
subject matter and/or enhances its knowledge. The information is intended for
self-study.
Sample 3:
This is an example text box shows necessary
equations.
Sample 4:
CERM-15 reference
This symbol represents CERM-15 page reference
materials which should be inserted for review.
Sample 5:
This symbol represents topics within the Refresher Course that are part of
the subject matter which will further help your understanding. The
information is intented for self-study and may not be reviewed during the
refresher course.
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Page 9 of 220 Construction School of PE - Notes
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PREFACE
fast facts
Each of us has different study habits and a preferred way of
learning. The material in the Refresher Course uses a technique which
helps quicken the pace of understanding of the subject matter. The
arrangement of the material follows a hierarchical pattern of learning
engaging three basic components:
C
oncept is a cognitive unit of meaning— an abstract idea or a mental
symbol sometimes defined as a "unit of knowledge" which is built from
other units. A concept is typically associated with a corresponding
representation, for example, the concept of Trigonometry with Triangles.
Often, a concept is not a single thought, but a composite of simpler
concepts.
T
erminology refers to the typical words used in connection with a
concept. For example, the elements of the Law of Sine’s: sin a, sin b,
sin n.

refers to the typical manner in which the theory is used in
connection with a concept. For example, find the hypotenuse of a right
triangle when one side is 4-units with an angle of 53° (4 ÷ sin 53° = 5).
Concept
Terminology

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Page 10 of 220 Construction School of PE - Notes
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REFRESHER COURSE ACTIVITY ORGANIZATION/ADMINISTRATION
The refresher course is organized in seven chapters as outlined below. Each chapter
covers materials which parallels the outline provided by the NCEES Exam
Specifications for the Construction Exam.
The refresher class focus is on interpreting the breadth and depth review materials.
The course provides a graduating series of problem statements to better the
understanding of the content for the Construction Exam.
CHAPTER ORGANIZATION
1. Earthwork Construction and Layout
2. Estimating Quantities and Costs
3. Construction Operations and
Methods
4. Scheduling
5. Material Quality Control and Production
6. Temporary Structures
7. Worker Health, Safety, and Environment
Workshop Outline
• The instructor will
announce the workshop
questions and the time
allotted for working a
solution for the question
before the question’s
review.
• Lunch break will be
determined by consensus.
• The workshop solutions
will be posted on the
School of PE website 24-
hours after the class has
ended.
Important Note
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Page 11 of 220 Construction School of PE - Notes
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REFERENCES
The following list provides the references used in preparation of the Construction Review Notes.
The bold face acronyms are the NCEES design standards used for the exam’s construction.
NCEES effective beginning with the April 2017 exam.
ASCE 37 Design Loads on Structures During Construction, 2014, American Society of Civil
Engineers, Reston, VA, www.asce.org.
NDS National Design Specification for Wood Construction, 2012, American Forest &
Paper Association/American Wood Council, Washington, DC, www.awc.org.
CMWB Standard Practice for Bracing Masonry Walls During Construction, 2012, Council
for Masonry Wall Bracing, Mason Contractors Association of America, Lombard,
IL, www.masoncontractors.org.
AISC Steel Construction Manual, 14th ed., 2011, Parts 1–3, 8, and 16.2, American
Institute of Steel Construction, Inc., Chicago, IL, www.aisc.org.
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014, Chapters 19, 20, and
26, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, www.concrete.org.
ACI 347R Guide to Formwork for Concrete, 2014, American Concrete Institute, Farmington
Hills, MI, www.concrete.org (in ACI SP-4, 8th edition appendix).
ACI SP-4 Formwork for Concrete, 8th ed., 2014, American Concrete Institute, Farmington
Hills, MI, www.concrete.org.
OSHA Construction Industry Regulations: 29 CFR Parts 1903, 1904, and 1926 (US
federal version, January 2016), US Department of Labor, Washington, DC.
MUTCD-Pt 6 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices – Part 6 Temporary Traffic Control,
2009, US Federal Highway Administration, www.fhwa.dot.gov.
Civil Engineering Reference Manual for the PE Exam (CERM15), 15th
Edition, Michael R. Lindeburg, PE , 2015.
Ratay, Robert T.(1996). Handbook of Temporary Structures in Construction,
References (2nd ed.), McGraw Hill, New York, NY.
used to
Rossnagel, W.E., Higgins, L.R. & MacDonald, J.A. (1988). Handbook of rigging
build the
refresher for construction and industrial operations (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
course.
Parker, H., & Ambrose, J. (1993). Simplified engineering for architects and
builders (8th ed.). New York: Wiley Inter-Science.
Hicks, Tyler G. Editor (1994). Standard Handbook of Engineering Calculations.
McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Remember to check for any changes made by the NCEES at their website address:
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