SCHOENOPLECTUS HALLII (CYPERACEAE), A GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES NEW FOR TEXAS

2004·1.7 MB·English

by  Robert J O'kennon

SCHOENOPLECTUSHALLll(CYPERACEAE),
AGLOBALLYTHREATENEDSPECIESNEWFORTEXAS
RobertJ.O'Kennon CarenMcLemore
BotanicalResearchInstituteofTexas BotanicalResearchInstituteofTexasand
509PecanStreet UniversityofNorthTexas
FortWonh,TX76W2,USA Dentonjexas76203,U.S.A.
[email protected] [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Schocnoplectushaliii(A.Gray)S.GalenSmith,Hall'sbulrush,hasbeendiscoveredintheLyndonB.
JohnsonNationalGrasslands,WiseCounty,Texas.PreviousreportsofthisspeciesinTexaswerebased
onmisidentifiedspecimens,andthecurrentreportapparentlyrepresentsthefirstrecordlorthestate.
RESUMEN
Schocnoplectushaliii(A.Gray)S.GalenSmith,hasidodescubiertoenlosLyndonB.JohnsonNa-
tionalGrasslands,WiseCountyTexas.LascitasPreviasdeestaespecieenTexasestabanbasadasen
especimenesmalidentificados,ylapresentccitaesaparentetnentelaprimeraparaelestado.
Schoenopkctushaliii(A.Gray)S.GalenSmith,Hallsbulrush,hasbeendiscov-
eredduringanextensivelloristicsurveyoftheLyndonB.JohnsonNational
Grasslands(LBJGL),15.6kmnorthofDecatur,WiseCounty,Texas.TheLBJGL
aremanagedbytheU.S.NationalForestServiceandcomprisenumbered"units"
scatteredthroughoutmuchofnorth-centralWiseCounty.Schoenop/ectushallu
growsinUnit66primarilyalongthemoistsandy-claymarginsofthreesmall
pondsthatmergeduringperiodsofhighwaterThepopulationsareapproxi-
mately100metersapartandcompriseabouttwohundredindividualseach.
SpecimensofSchoenopkctushaliiiwerecollectedinMay2003through
April2004andtheiridentitywasconfirmedbyGalenSmithoftheUniversity
ofWisconsin.EarlierreportsofthespeciesinTexas(Correll&Johnston1970;
Hatchetal.1990)andvariousherbariumvouchers(latercorrectlyannotated)
werebasedonmisidentificationsof5.saximontanus(Fern.)RaynalandS.erectus
(Poir.)PallaexRaynal(Schuyler1969,Smith1995).BecauseS.hdl/iihadnotbeen
confirmedforTexas,itwasnotincludedintherecentlypublishedIllustrated
FloraofNorthCentralTexas(Diggsetal.1999).Smith(2002)reportedtheoc-
currenceofthespeciesinGeorgia,Illinois,Indiana,Kansas,Kentucky,Massa-
chusetts,Michigan,Missouri,Oklahoma,andWisconsin.
Schocnoplectushaliii(A.Gray)S.GalenSmith,Novon5T01.1995.ScirpushaUnA.
Ciray:Scirpussupinus1,.varhaliii(A.Gray)A.Gray
Voucherspecimens.TEXAS.WiseCo.:AlongmarginofpondhiUnit66oftheLyndonB.Johnson
NationalGrasslands,N33°22'12",W097°32'28",17May2003,O'KennonandMcLemore]S344(BRIT
SIOA21(2):1201-1204.2004
1202 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(2)
WIS);AlongmarginofpondinUnit66oftheLyndonB.JohnsonNationalGrasslands,N33°22'12",
WOQZ"32'28",23August2003,O'KennonandMcLcmore,J88.53(BR1T);Alongmargmofpondm
Unit66oftheLyndon13.JohnsonNationalGrasslands,N33°22'15",W097°32'26",29August2003,
O'KcnnonandMcLcmore.J8S92(BRIT,WLS);AlongmargmofponduiUnu66oftheLyndonB.
JohnsonNationalGrasslands,N33'>22'12",W097°32'27",3Oct2003,0'KennonandMcUmorc,19070
and]907}(BRITJAlongmarginofpondmUnit66oftheLyndonB.JohnsonNationalGrasslands,
N33°2212",W097^32'28",1Nov200.3,0'KeiinondudiVfeLe'more,19J4.Zand79/42(BRIT);Submerged
plantsatbottomofpondmUnit66oftheLyndoniS.JohnsonNationalGrasslands,N33°22'H',W097°
32'26",19Dec2003,O'KennonandMcLcmore19180(BRIT);Submergedplantsatbottomofpondin
Unit66oftheLyndonB.JohnsonNationalGrasslands,N33°22'15",W097°32'26",23Jan2003,
O'KennonandMcLcmore19191(BRIT);SubmergedplantsatbottomofpondinUnit66oftheLyndon
B.JohnsonNationalGrasslands,N33"22'15",W097°32'26",28Feb2004.(JKcnnonandMcLcmore
I9J97(BRIT);SubmergedplantsatbottomofpondmUnit66oftheLyndonB.JohnsonNational
Grasslands,N33°22'15",W097°32'2(V',17Mar2004.O'KennonandMcLcmore19223(BRIT);Emer-
gentplantsatbottomofpondinLlnit66oftheLyndonB.JohnsonNationalGrasslands,N33°22'15",
W097°32'26".9Apr2004,O'KennonandMcLcmore19256(BRIT);Muddypondmargin(previously
submerged)inUnit66oftheLyndonB.JohnsonNationalGrasslands,N33°22'13",W097°32'26",2f
Apr2004.O'KennonandMcLemore19279(BRIT);Muddypondmargin(previouslysubmergedsince
Sept.2003)inUnit66oftheLyndonB.JohnsonNationalGrasslands,N33°22'15",W097°32'26",2f
Apr2004,O'KennonandMcLcmore19290(BRIT);SeedlingalongmarginofpondinUnit66olthe
LyndonB.JohnsonNationalGrasslands.N33°22'15".W097°32'26",21Apr2004,O'Kennonand
McLemore19291(BRIT).Duplicatestobedistributed.
I(icnti/iC6i(iono/thelexasp/ants.-Thefollowingkeytospeciesof5choenoplectus
sect.SupiniinTexasismodifiedfromSmith(2002).SchocnopkctushaUiifound
elsewhereareusuallyannual,butinTexasmanyperennialplantshavebeen
observed.
1. Achenesinspikeletsnearlyequilaterallysharplytrigonous;stylesall3-fid;frompan-
handletocentralandfarsouthTexas Schoenoplectussaximontanus
1. Achenesinspikeletsbiconcavetoplano-convexorobscurelycompressed-
trigonous;styles2-fidorafew3-fid.
2. Achenesadaxiallylongitudinallyconvexorhorizontallyslightlyconvexwithcon-
vexcenter;spikeletscaleflanksoftendistallyorange-orred-brown;inTexas
knownonlyfromsouthcoastalcountiesinlandtoAtascosaCo. Schoenoplectus
erectus
2 oArcahnegneestoadnaexairallylycocloonrlceasvs;ekonroswonmeftriommesonneeasriltyeipnlannoer;tshpickeenltertalscTaelxeasfla_nksSpcalheoenoplectus
hallii
HabitatoftheTexasplants-Schoenoplectushalliihasanarrowhabitattoler-
ance(Beattyetal.2004).Althoughitisfoundmvarioussoiltypesinotherstates,
inTexasitisfoundalongwidelyfluctuatingmarginsofsmallsandyclayponds
whereconditionsapparentlyaremoresuitableforS.halliithanformanyofits
associates(Schuylerf969).ManyplantspeciesoccurwithS.halliiinTexas(Table
1).Theseassociatesappearanddisappearthroughouttheyearaswaterlevels
fluctuate,but5.halliicanbefoundalongpondmarginsfromApriltoDecem-
ber.ItISmostcloselyassociated neadyyear-roundwiththerarePilulana
amcncana(Marsiliaceae).DurmgperiodsofnonnalwaterlevelsP.amencana
O'KENNONANDMCLEMORE,SCHOENOPLECTUSHALLIINEWFORTEXAS 1203
Table1.SpeciesassociatedwithSchoenoplectushalliiinTexas,rankedbyabundance.
PilulariaamericanaA.Braun VeronicaperegrinaL.var.xa/apens/s(Kuntii)Pennel'
Eleocharisobtusa(Wtlld.)J,A.Schultes LudwigiaglandulosaWalter
Rotalaramosioril.)Koehne Heterantheralimosa(Sw.)Willd.
CyperusacuminatusJor[.&Hook.exTorr. Eleocharisatropurpurea(Retz.)J.&K.PresI
Fimbristylisvahlii(lam)Link PotamogetondiversifoliusRaf.
Ludwiglapeploides(Kunth)Raven CyperusretrorsusChapm.var.cylindricus
AmmanniacoccineaRottb. (Ell.)Fern.&Grisc.
Eleocharispalustris(L.)Roem.&Schult. CyperussquarrosusL.
Fuirena5/mp/exVah PanicumrigidulumNees
Eleocharisquadrangulata(Michx.)Roem. Juncustexanus(Engelm.)Coville
LInderniadubia(L.)Pennetlvar.anagallidea Echinodorusberteroi(Spreng.)Fassett
(Miclix.)Cooperrider JuncusdiffusissimusBuck!.
Eleochariscoloradoensis(Britt.)Gilly Spirodelapolyrhiza(L.)Scheid.
CallitricheheterophyllaPursh Lirnnosciadiumpinnatum(DC.)Mathias&
AmmanrvarobustaHeer&Regel Constance
EleocharisengelmanniiSteud Anagallisminima(L.)Krause
Najasguadalupensis(Spreng.)Magnus MarsileavestitaHook.&Grev
ISasubmergentandcanbeconspicuousjustbelowthesurfacearoundtheen-
tiremarginofthepond.However,duringperiodsofextendeddrawdownitbe-
comesamarginalplant.ThepondsoccurintheWestCrossTimbersofnorth
centralTexasatanelevationof254meters.
DuringthefirstyearofourLBJGLsurvey,twelveotherspeciesundocu-
mentedforTexas,inadditiontoS.hallii,werediscovered(O'Kennonetal.2003;
O'Kennon&McLemoreinprep.).Webelievethatthisprobablyreflectsprevi-
ousundercollectingratherthanparticularlyuniquehabitatsinthisarea.
Overalldistribution—Schoenoplectushalliiisagloballythreatenedspe-
cies(NatureConservancyrankingofG-2)knownrecentlyfromonly8states
andfewerthan100sitesintheU.S.A.TexasParksandWildlifeDepartmenthas
assignedarankingofS-1(criticallyimperiled)lorthespecies(JackiePoole,pers.
comm.),basedonthediscoveryinWiseCounty.Theclosestpopulationsof5.
halliitotheWiseCo.populationsareinComancheCo.,Oklahoma,about190
kilometersnorthwest.
Priorto1973,Schoenoplectushalliiwasreportedin9states,15counties,
and29sites.During1973-1997,itwasreportedin8states,17counties,and46
sites.During1993-1997,itwasreportedinonly6states,Ifcounties,and37sites
(McKenzie1998).Sincenotallsitesarebeingmonitoredeachyear,itisdilficult
toascertaintheactualnumberofexistingpopulations.
PlantsinMassachusettshavenotbeenseensince1931andareconsidered
extirpated.SchoenoplectushalliihasnotbeencollectedinGeorgiasince1966.
IthasnotbeenconfirmedinIowasince1890.ThereisarecordfromIowafrom
1960,butthatspecimenhasnotbeenseennorconfirmed(McKenzie1998).Popu-
lationsmthesestatesareconsidered"possiblyextirpated."
1204 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(2)
ACKNOWLHDGMENTS
WethankGuyNesomofBRITforassistanceinidentifyingtheoriginalspeci-
mensandreviewnigthemanuscript.WegratefullyacknowledgeGalenSmithof
theUniversityofWisconsinforassistanceinconfirmingtheidentityofthisplant.
WethankJamesCrooks,JimmyDickerson,andAlfredSanchezoftheLyndonB.
JohnsonNationalGrasslandsandtheU.S.ForestServiceforassistanceandcoop-
erationinourv/orkonthisthreatenedspeciesandforpreservingthesite.
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