Schneider Electric - Electrical Installation Guide According to IEC International Standards

387 Pages·2005·15.11 MB·English

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Technical Series
Electrical
installation guide
According to IEC International Standards
New edition
2005
http://theguide.merlin-gerin.com
This guide has been written for electrical Engineers who have to design,
realize, inspect or maintain electrical installations in compliance with
international Standards of the International Electrotechnical
Commission(IEC).
“Which technical solution will guarantee that all relevant safety rules are
met?” This question has been a permanent guideline for the elaboration of
this document.
An international Standard such as the IEC60364 “Electrical Installation in
Buldings” specifies extensively the rules to comply with to ensure safety
and predicted operational characteristics for all types of electrical
installations. As the Standard must be extensive, and has to be applicable
to all types of products and the technical solutions in use worldwide, the
text of the IEC rules is complex, and not presented in a ready-to-use
order. The Standard cannot therefore be considered as a working
handbook, but only as a reference document.
The aim of the present guide is to provide a clear, practical and step-by-
step explanation for the complete study of an electrical installation,
according to IEC 60364 and other relevant IEC Standards. Therefore, the
first chapter (B) presents the methodology to be used, and each chapter
deals with one out of the eight steps of the study. The two last chapter are
devoted to particular supply sources, loads and locations, and appendix
provides additional information. Special attention must be paid to the
EMCappendix, which is based on the broad and practical experience on
electromagnetic compatibility problems.
We all hope that you, the user, will find this handbook genuinely helpful.
Schneider Electric S.A.
This technical guide is the result of The Electrical Installation Guide is a single document covering the
a collective effort. techniques, regulations and standards related to electrical installations.
Itis intended for electrical professionals in companies, design offices,
Technical advisor:
inspection organisations, etc.
Serge Volut
Design/Technical content: Electrical equipment should be serviced only by qualified electrical
Guy Satre-Duplessis maintenance personnel, and this document should not be viewed as
sufficient instructions for those who are not otherwise qualified to operate,
Illustrations and production:
service or maintain the equipment discussed. Although reasonable care
AXESS - Valence -France
has been taken to provide accurate and authoritative information in this
Printing: document, no responsibility is assumed by Schneider Electric for any
Les Deux Ponts - France consequences arising from the use of this material.
Second edition
This new edition has been published to take into account changes in
March 2005
techniques, standards and regulations, in particular electrical installation
standard IEC60364.
Price: 90 € We thank all the readers of the previous edition of this guide for their
ISBN : 2-907314-47-5 comments that have helped improve the current edition.
N° dépôt légal: 1er semestre 2005 We also thank the many people and organisations, to numerous to name
Conseil © SchneiderElectric here, who have contributed in one way or another to the preparation of
All rights reserved for all the countries this guide.
Foreword
Roland Talon, Chairman TC 64 - International Electrotechnical Commission
It is generally agreed that electrical equipment will provide the best
performance (safety, operation and service life) when it is properly
installed, which includes good co-ordination.
The task of Technical Committee 64 of the IEC (International
Electrotechnical Commission) is to develop and keep up-to-date
requirements for electrical installations. TC64 also has a Safety Pilot
Function for installations, equipment, products and systems. Delegates
from many National Committees work in TC 64, drawn from
manufacturers, laboratories, verification bodies, installers, and electrical
power supply companies...
…with the consequence that IEC Standard 60364 is considered as the
definitive document on which to base the design and implementation of an
electrical installation.
Furthermore the electrical environment is increasingly complex, mainly
due to electromagnetic influences and other kinds of disturbances, and
the continuous operation of all equipment supplied by the electrical
installation has become a fundamental requirement.
Consequently designers, installers and consumers need guidance on the
selection and installation of electrical equipment.
With this in mind, Schneider Electric has developed this Electrical
Installation Guide. It has been prepared by engineers from Schneider
Electric who are very experienced in electrical installation technology and
possess excellent knowledge of consumer problems and requirements,
and of IEC Standard 60364 and other relevant IEC standards.
Last but not least, this Electrical Installation Guide has adopted the IEC
Standard 60364 as a basis and as a result facilitates and favours
international trade.
As TC 64 Chairman and formerly the representative of French Electrical
Contractors on TC64, it is my great pleasure and honour to introduce this
guide. I am sure it will prove very useful in the implementation of the
provisions of 60364 and in meeting consumers’ concerns.
Roland Talon has been with the French Electrical
Contractors’ Association (FFIE) for 20 years.
He previously worked for electrical contracting
companies. During that period, he was deeply
involved in many international projects.
Roland Talon has been Chairman of IEC TC 64
since2002 as well as chairman of CENELEC TC64.
Continuity of supply Type tested switchboards Knowledge at all times of installation status
by simple assembly
Discrimination Direct connection of Thanks to the use of standard Web technologies,
guarantees co-ordination the Canalis KT busbar you can offer your customers intelligent Merlin Gerin switchboards
between the operating trunking on the allowing easy access to information:
characteristics of serial- Masterpact 3200 A follow-up of currents, voltages, powers,
connected circuit- circuit-breaker consumption history, etc.
breakers. Should a fault
occurs downstream, only
the circuit-breaker
placed immediately
upstream from the fault
will trip.
SM6 Sepam Masterpact Compact Multi 9 Prisma Plus
Medium voltage switchboard Protection relays Protection switchgear Protection switchgear system Modular protection switchgear Functional system for
system from 1 to 36 kV from 100 to 6300 A from 100 to 630 A system up to 125 A electrical distribution
switchboards
up to 3200 A
A consistent design of offers from Medium Voltage to Ultra Terminal
Guiding tools for more efficient design
and implementation of your installations
The technical guides CAD software and tools Training
The electrical installation guide, The CAD software and tools enhance Training allows you to acquire the Merlin Gerin
theswitchboard implementation guide, productivity and safety. expertise (installation design, work with power on, etc.)
thetechnical publications or They help you create your installations for increased efficiency and a guarantee of improved
“CahiersTechniques” and coordination by simplifying product choice while also customer service.
tables all form genuine reference tools complyingwith standards and
forthe design of high-performance electrical proper procedures.
installations. These guides help you
tocomply to installation rules and standards
For more details on Guilding System, please consult www.merlingerin.com
Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2005 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2005
General contents A
General design - Regulations - B
Installed power
Connection to the HV utility C
distribution network
Connection to the LV utility D
distribution network
Distribution in low-voltage E
installations
Protection against electric F
shocks
The protection of circuit G
The switchgear H
Protection against voltage J
surges
Power factor correction and K
harmonic filtering
Detection and filtering of L
harmonics
Particular sources and loads M
Domestic and similar premises N
and special locations
EMC guidelines Ap
A General contents
B General design - Regulations - Installed power
1 Methodology B2
2 Rules and statutory regulations B4
3 Installed power loads - Characteristics B10
4 Power loading of an installation B15
5 Power monitoring and control B21
C Connection to the HV utility distribution network
1 Supply of power at high voltage C2
2 Procedure for the establishment of a new substation C14
3 Protection aspect C16
4 The consumer substation with LV metering C22
5 The consumer substation with HV metering C30
6 Constitution of HV/LV distribution substations C35
D Connection to the LV utility distribution network
1 Low voltage utility distribution networks D2
2 Tariffs and metering D16
E Distribution in low-voltage installations
1 LV distribution schemes E2
2 Earthing schemes E17
3 The installation system E30
4 External influences (IEC 60364-5-51) E38
F Protection against electric shocks
1 General F2
2 Protection against direct contact F4
3 Protection against indirect contact F6
4 Protection of goods due to insulation fault F17
5 Implementation of the TT system F19
6 Implementation of the TN system F25
7 Implementation of the IT system F31
8 Residual current differential devices RCDs F38
G The protection of circuits
1 General G2
2 Practical method for determining the smallest allowable G11
cross-sectional area of circuit conductors
3 Determination of voltage drop G23
4 Short-circuit current G27
5 Particular cases of short-circuit current G33
6 Protective earthing conductor G40
7 The neutral conductor G45
H The switchgear
1 The basic functions of LV switchgear H2
2 The switchgear H5
3 Choice of switchgear H10
4 Circuit breaker H11
Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2005
General contents A
J Protection against voltage surges
1 General J2
2 Overvoltage protection devices J6
3 Standards J11
4 Choosing a protection device J14
K Power factor correction and harmonic filtering
1 Reactive energy and power factor K2
2 Why to improve the power factor? K5
3 How to improve the power factor? K7
4 Where to install power correction capacitors? K10
5 How to decide the optimum level of compensation? K12
6 Compensation at the terminals of a transformer K15
7 Power factor improvement of induction motors K18
8 Example of an installation before and after power-factor correction K20
9 The effects of harmonics K21
10 Implementation of capacitor banks K24
L Detection and filtering of harmonics
1 The problem: L2
Why is it necessary to detect and eliminate harmonics?
2 Standards L3
3 General L4
4 Main effects of harmonics in installations L6
5 Essential indicators of harmonic distortion and L11
measurement principles
6 Measuring the indicators L14
7 Detection devices L16
8 Solutions to attenuate harmonics L17
M Particular sources and loads
1 Protection of a LV generator set and the downstream circuits M2
2 Uninterruptible Power Supply Units (UPS) M11
3 Protection of LV/LV transformers M24
4 Lighting circuits M27
5 Asynchronous motors M42
N Domestic and similar premises and special locations
1 Domestic and similar premises N2
2 Bathrooms and showers N8
3 Recommendations applicable to special installations and locations N12
Appendix EMC guidelines
1 Electrical distribution Ap2
2 Earthing principles and structures Ap3
3 Implementation Ap5
4 Coupling mechanism and counter-measures Ap14
5 Wiring recommendations Ap20
Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2005
Chapter B
General design - Regulations -
Installed power B1
Contents
1 Methodology B2
2 Rules and statutory regulations B4
2.1 Definition of voltage ranges B4
2.2 Regulations B5
2.3 Standards B5
2.4 Quality and safety of an electrical installation B6
2.5 Initial testing of an installation B6
2.6 Periodic check-testing of an installation B7
2.7 Conformity (with standards and specifications) of equipment
used in the installation B7
2.8 Environment B8
3 Installed power loads - Characteristics B10
3.1 Induction motors B10
3.2 Resistive-type heating appliances and incandescent lamps
(conventional or halogen) B12
4 Power loading of an installation B15
4.1 Installed power (kW) B15
4.2 Installed apparent power (kVA) B15
4.3 Estimation of actual maximum kVA demand B18
4.4 Example of application of factors ku and ks B17
4.5 Diversity factor B18
4.6 Choice of transformer rating B19
4.7 Choice of power-supply sources B20
5 Power monitoring and control B21
5.1 Main user’s benefits B21
5.2 From Network Monitoring and Control System to
Intelligent Power Equipment B23
5.3 Typical services possibly brought by intelligent equipment
compared to other solutions B25
5.4 Technical inputs on communicating systems B26
5.5 Main constraints to take into account to design
a communicating or intelligent power equipment B27
Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2005
B - General design - Regulations - 1 Methodology
Installed power
B2
The study of an electrical installation using this guide requires the reading of all the
chapters in the order in which they are presented.
Listing of power demands
B – General design - Regulations - The study of a proposed electrical installation requires an adequate understanding of
Installedpower all governing rules and regulations.
The total power demand can be calculated from the data relative to the location and
power of each load, together with the knowledge of the operating modes (steady
state demand, starting conditions, non simultaneous operation, etc.)
From these data, the power required from the supply source and (where appropriate)
the number of sources necessary for an adequate supply to the installation are
readily obtained.
Local information regarding tariff structures is also required to allow the best choice
of connection arrangement to the power-supply network, e.g. at high voltage or low
voltage level.
Service connection
This connection can be made at:
C – Connection to the HV utility distribution c High Voltage level
network A consumer-type substation will then have to be studied, built and equipped. This
substation may be an outdoor or indoor installation conforming to relevant standards
and regulations (the low-voltage section may be studied separately if necessary).
Metering at high-voltage or low-voltage is possible in this case.
D - Low-voltage service connections c Low Voltage level
The installation will be connected to the local power network and will (necessarily) be
metered according to LV tariffs.
LV distribution system
E - Distribution within a low-voltage installation The whole installation distribution network is studied as a complete system.
The number and characteristics of standby emergency-supply sources are defined.
Neutral earthing arrangements are chosen according to local regulations, constraints
related to the power-supply, and to the type of loads
The distribution equipment (panelboards, switchgears, circuit connections, ...) are
determined from building plans and from the location and grouping of loads.
The type of premises and allocation can influence their immunity to external
disturbances.
Protection against electric shock
F - Protection against electric shock The earthing system (TT, IT or TN) having been previously determined, then the
appropriate protective devices must be implemented in order to achieve protection
against hazards of direct or indirect contact.
Circuits and switchgear
G - The protection of circuits Each circuit is then studied in detail. From the rated currents of the loads, the level of
short-circuit current, and the type of protective device, the cross-sectional area of
circuit conductors can be determined, taking into account the nature of the
cableways and their influence on the current rating of conductors.
Before adopting the conductor size indicated above, the following requirements must
be satisfied:
c The voltage drop complies with the relevant standard
c Motor starting is satisfactory
c Protection against electric shock is assured
The short-circuit current Isc is then determined, and the thermal and electrodynamic
withstand capability of the circuit is checked.
These calculations may indicate that it is necessary to use a conductor size larger
than the size originally chosen.
H - The switchgear The performance required by the switchgear will determine its type and
characteristics.
The use of cascading techniques and the discriminative operation of fuses and
tripping of circuit breakers are examined.
Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2005
B - General design - Regulations - 1 Methodology
Installed power
B3
Protection against overvoltages
J – Protection against overvoltages Direct or indirect lightning strokes can damage electrical equipment at a distance of
several kilometers. Operating voltage surges and transient industrial frequency
voltage surges can also produce the same consequences.The effects are
examinated and solutions are proposed.
Reactive energy
K - Power factor improvement and harmonic The power factor correction within electrical installations is carried out locally,
filtering globally or as a combination of both methods.
Harmonics
L - Harmonics detection and filtering Harmonics in the network affect the quality of energy and are at the origin of many
pollutions as overloads, vibrations, ageing of equipment, trouble of sensitive
equipment, of local area networks, telephone networks. This chapter deals with the
origins and the effects of harmonics and explain how to measure them and present
the solutions.
Particular supply sources and loads
M - Particular supply sources and loads Particular items or equipment are studied:
c Specific sources such as alternators or inverters
c Specific loads with special characteristics, such as induction motors, lighting
circuits or LV/LV transformers
c Specific systems, such as direct-current networks
Generic applications
N - Domestic and similar premises and special Certain premises and locations are subject to particularly strict regulations: the most
locations common example being domestic dwellings.
Ecodial software
Ecodial software(1) provides a complete design package for LV installations, in
accordance with IEC standards and recommendations.
The following features are included:
c Construction of one-line diagrams
c Calculation of short-circuit currents
c Calculation of voltage drops
c Optimization of cable sizes
c Required ratings of switchgear and fusegear
c Discrimination of protective devices
c Recommendations for cascading schemes
c Verification of the protection of persons
c Comprehensive print-out of the foregoing calculated design data
(1) Ecodial is a Merlin Gerin product and is available in French
and English versions.
Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2005