Schaums Outline of English Grammar

154 Pages·2006·7.55 MB·English

Third Enition

Covers all important topics in English grammar

100 answered exercises with 1295
practice items

Drills for mastering grammar

Ideal for independent study!

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SCHAUM'S OULLINE
OF

ENGLISH
GRAMMAR

Second Edition

EUGENE EHRLICH
Farmer Seninr Lecearee
Depuatenenr of English
and Cumparative Literatire
‘Schiool of Generat Seadien
Columbia University

DANIFL MURPHY
Emuevites Professor of Fngsh
City Einiversty of New York

SCHAUM’S OUTLINE SERIE!

McGRAW-HILL
Weve York San Francisco Washington, BAC. Auctions Bogotd Carvras Litton
don Maria ASevien Cay Blan Montreat ex Betis
‘Sou buon Siygapace Sydues Toyo Tome
BUGENE ETRLICHE served u Senior Lectures in te Depastment of glist
sad Comparative Literature, Sclool of Genera Sues, Colueabia University

DANIEL MURPHY is a cotived Associate Profesor in the Department of
English, Baruch Cottege, CUNY.

Sch’ Outi of theory and Peablems of
ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Cooyrits © 1991 197609 The MeCra-Hil Corapanigs. Ins. Al ihe weve
Prnfed ithe Usted States of Areca. No part ot his gubllaton may be
Fojvaduced"oged In a eeeval syste, eased te any frat on BY a
heats, elect, mechanic, sho}oopying, coring, or ofr sive wikoue De
per screen pentision o hs Publisher

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Eating Superrsors Meg Tobia in Mauren Wither

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McGraw-Hill 2

Asano Beran Ca
Preface

‘he study of English grams as te pin abamtages, faites sry
venga eben student acy Whe pen ler tags ae efi:
This stoond edivn of anlick Grmnaer we Developed ty ake te ody of Enh
amma current ow efferent whether or ua ga i
‘hi fst ange, A Gloestzy of Crna Teme fs pooled aw eee W Be
Used at uny time, We Avpe that students will continue lo find uur exercees uo
explanations help

(Chapter | scares ke principal elements othe semen. an he cet i capes
prove ixfonoaion and pracie inal he pies speech: Nowe cn hee, verbs a
Sextus, prouns.sdjestives. adverb, and preprsoons ond venjvnction, Bach chapter
Df he book Bie presents necessary definkions and discussions. complete with examples.
Th prevention i hen Followed by exercises desire ty belp te slagen aw
rey of the subject. Answers ll enemies ae vied the end of Be Book, The
stuleo is wise te work step by sip Brough eschchapler,duing each exercise in nun
sad ohesking the answer tee preceding res,

Dana Monniy
Contents

GLOSSARY OF GRAMMATICAL TERMS

cujue £ PRINCIPAL FLEMENTS OF THK SENTENCE 1
se L
Set L
Dicer 1
Complement 1
ids Ot *
Motion 7
Makiplesre Mote .
‘mae u
Pre, fe
Chpsr 2 NOUNS AND ARTICLES: e
‘Noun Teton "
Type Nene 3
Ponive Poa of au »
fie rie, sno he Dee Ate
nape ‘VERDS AND VERBALS a
“anata sks be %
opatane asings Yerbs 2
unig Mes =
Sil an Wi, Shs wa Wl
sod “
Lae of te Sajaneve Mood
Wiee es
Note “4

‘secennn of Subj al ib Camp Sb hon ts
ols Soot Thee Ve
rin Pa te em Schnee Age Ti
Censtecy of es. 6
‘unsecy of Wie Cnsiatngy of Pen. Consist
raglan ot lana Veen a
Dang aioe. Migs Paris. Dadi aes.
Auli tha ais pad Cottons ”
empar J PRONOUNS n
“peso Proauae %
eon peso roraune Seve Momo, Dement Panes
Insane Peoours, Resin Pence oust
ec pte Poonans Inline ronune
sronoun Ageemees we
‘eat ond Sng veces Aner ier Ae oF
Coleriee Nein Sings Pronoun ae Ameo
ronouns no Subgcive Com »
romana hs Dye Coe 2
roman 3 Objet of Se, Pnane as Op of Prins
omnane a apposver
chapur S| ADIECTIVES os
yaes Alesis 1s
“ting Acve Prete Agere
Posven of ajcries s
Compare af tons ”
contents “i
Roum Cases wa
Pager afc 108
Innes a te. as
chur 6 ADVERBS a
¢mpur 7 PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS ny
{Comanay Used rian Objet Prt Disa
-epeiton tae Pat of Spd Pagina Pz a Mate.
ANSWERS oe
INDEX ut
Glossary of Grammatical Terms

‘Accusative case, Pow of pronoun showing Dc the pronoun isthe ote fa eA prepeetion me her
fhm. a them wha, Als ead objestve a,

Aste solce. See Voce

Adjective, Word or mods weed co mot 9 noun, oni, vet ve Zw, onder yon, poor
lishing

Adjective clause. Subordrat slause seus adjective: Eoreyone whe gps sould we for i.
Adjective phrase. Thess sed at ajeetive: The woman che eda bewweil

Adverh, Word or wocts wed ta madify aver, verbal, adjective, avec. o ete Tause or secence 200
‘pelt si quid. gute Fes, Narra was seed

Adverbil clue, Suhordinale sluse used as avers oh ef soeever Ree Fike

Adverbial phrase, Phrase wod as avec” She sect ier sn the ere
Antecedent, Word urwonds o whic uronoue eer: Alc aevedeo kod to hr (prmouns dese.

Apposition, Phicement of nove or nour subsite next to anole to expuin or emit it: New Yor, te
Ennpirs Stat; Richa she Lio Hearted. The Emre State and the Lion eared we kone apposite.

Artie. A, a1, and ch are ales. Tei incin to nay noun er noun subsite apd an are te
insite ue. The i edict utile

Ausiany Serb. Vero ase ah ater very a fom tenve or se: WE sa! Bt Pe UNE. He ns
Stern

Case, Foe of na oF pfenoun wy show funtion, The thse eaHes a Homie faubiecie, geinne
puscessive) abd sceusative (joss), Nemiastve Jae. Geaive my ha. Accusative Phe doy bitene:

Clause. Grog of woes contining s subject and yeeb, Clauses esther dependent The ran iy cae 10
lames itt eal; independent. The aulknan if vs Ber of rea

CCuleerive noun. A nous es sppears to be singular but refers to a poop. Tread a sng thon he
rps tught ofa aunt treated ws lara shen the memaers of he gup reconsider nails

‘Comparison tfleciva of adverbs or ajctives to show dogres of quay or umoont, ADLONE: god
ull, mous. Comparative: eter, quicker ns fons, Sopeatve est. lake, mos famous

‘Complerocal. Nous or adiective wed to complet the meaning cf u copultive verb, Also known a
reiate complement: Se ssi “predicu ujectve). Shei aa pera star. prediewe ao}

Complex sentence, Sentence cunning oe inlependes clase and ane or more dependent lms
Compunnd sentence. Sentence cimtanng 0 Gr noeinlapenlen haa,

Composnd-comples walenne Sentence yanawng too ur mere dependent clauies and one oon
Alpert hoes.

Conjunction. Word or worts use a junto, plmose, or elawies, Courmaing conan js
ements uf el vale Suntan nti juin dependent claves independent cle,

Conjunclive wlvert—Aitverh use ae vinjuscinn. Mut cnuiton exwmpley ure: Roweven thus an
therfore

Coveinate: OF pial grammunalorsjtcticlimpurkae 0 mann ty pas, leases.

Coputitive verb. Wah Ut rks subject amas eyerpleenend. Min een copulate ver be. AD
avon woking we

Lemunstralvewljetive. Alfctive Ya wana. tical en prone: a ha boa eo.
Demonsteatve pronoun, Prorewo thar specifies a pvc fren sis is what E wane dat so ach,
Dependent clause, _Sce Suberdnal claus

Descriptive adjestive, Adjective dot aames the condition or quality of noun it mdiis: gree Ness,
rece 4g00,

Dinest address. Consucton io bich the srr addeate the reader direty: Paul, band me the sate
tha. tee he ror,

Dinest abject. Word or mote that rectve te sven uf avers The speaker hit he table He Beloved shar
she By wld eeu the Bok

Gender, OF ao consequence in Engl grammar, Refers 9 nscline, feminine, neuter noun in eran
othr languages, Prvonl pronouns tn Lng ve geal in sig perv ingle, ri

Geaitve cnet, Form of 1 noon or pronoun show paseo: worn Poa At re i, ee
Ako Havin as posesive case

Garand ing form of aver osed 32 on ve performing nin Tune: Swimming ie move tan tan
[bing che beach, ey hah love Romy nd fishin. Geran ne verbal

Amgerative wood, Verb constriction we in giving, ecetarand. The bjt uf te we is wl lacking
Genome Sep eroking?

Indefinite pronoun, Preneyn har es wx specif upiteuarveleren an. amone, cach e2eryane.

Indepenent cause, Claethtcan nd aki osm enn sine een Sh wn
al fer frends. allugh se lve 0 oe in psdar, Aso ken an clase peopl lao

df
Aadicative mood for of ecb used wo make a satten ask a quetion: She dees wel. 15 he Bing

weit

Indirect abject, Noun nmin ree he ret cee: They gave mea aie. The gave present
Infinitive, Sinple form of the set, willy yell by to tay an. (fare. (6) axemp,Etiie
faytion a oauns, ete, a nse, von ae we

Inte phrase, Soiitive plus 9 mt nc ad a Book. Taine

Pees ute dhe eum Enea 8 ities,

ral it tine rae

Inflection, Change in fone indicate revi elatoins. neon of roar 4d premoani e
st dectnsio,Ulesti of verb Hse comin lle fai aed aber Kaen a
umparzon

tensive pronoun, Proeour ute renget abun Ur Fron Ihe nema et su ret th
Boe ne

Tmcerfeetion, Ejtevicny wont or eapression: Mar. teres hee Bo il eens abou i Unne shi
inthe man?

InterrogatveadjceliveAdjesive wea aking orton: wie nk? whine aren
Inverrupatie promoon, Pronoun wel in usin yursbon: these Was st ws ein?

Anteacsitve verb, Yor that does ro tke ao obj: Ei al Un, She argue Ne A captive ves
fr ransive Many ver function natively wel Sraaiive'y

Irregular very Verb hot harms is pat tense and post pac by x chung ol vowels: be. was, eve: nin
ana ng, 50mg , AlsoRaDA a SE Ye

Modifier Word or words tat lime, deste, ue make mene precise the mening ofthe words modi
Due at he ian cn yo se tes waked se

‘Mood, Charts ot 9 ter tit ehose fhe miner im which a eutemen! i egued by the utr See
Anicaive mond, Imperative nad, sd Sobjvative mod.

Nominattey ne, See Sujectvr cae

‘Nanette swear, Nui of word gun af wud any te este anes fh,
shred far Yale, sl ow ovey ds. Fought in ty House, i i Pisa

Noun. Name of» person las, log. uly sono idea Nowa Fetion sabes, ce objets of
esasiions, objet of veel, ad a adjsenss.

Noun phrase, Phase tht futons a 9 wou: fermeat a he rat ave
‘Number. Singular and plural spect of nouns, pronouzs, sd ere

‘Numerical adjective, Adjostve tat manors wind i cies ua Tian fr anivrsy
Objective case. Soo Aceusative case.

Parallel cansiruetion, Repettion of grammatical censustion for sobetence and emphasis: fing and
svinming: Feave. tI congaerat