Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy, Second Edition

659 Pages·2012·66.479 MB·English

by  Allen J . Bard and Michael V . Mirkin

Scanning Electrochemical
Microscopy
Second Edition

Scanning Electrochemical
Microscopy
Second Edition
edited by
Allen J. Bard
Michael V. Mirkin
Boca Raton London New York
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Contents
Preface..............................................................................................................................................vii
Contributors.......................................................................................................................................ix
Chapter 1 Introduction.and.Principles...........................................................................................1
Allen J. Bard
Chapter 2 Instrumentation...........................................................................................................15
Fu-Ren F. Fan, Allen J. Bard, and Peixin He
Chapter 3 Preparation.of.Tips.for.Scanning.Electrochemical.Microscopy.................................25
Fu-Ren F. Fan and Christophe Demaille
Chapter 4 Scanning.Electrochemical.Microscopic.Imaging.......................................................53
Fu-Ren F. Fan
Chapter 5 Theory.........................................................................................................................75
Michael V. Mirkin and Yixian Wang
Chapter 6 Heterogeneous.Electron.Transfer.Reactions.............................................................127
Shigeru Amemiya
Chapter 7 Visualizing.and.Quantifying.Homogeneous.Chemical.Reactions.
in.Electrochemical.Processes....................................................................................157
Patrick R. Unwin
Chapter 8 Charge.Transfer.Processes.at.the.Liquid–Liquid.Interface.......................................191
Michael V. Mirkin and Michael Tsionsky
Chapter 9 Imaging.Molecular.Transport.across.Membranes....................................................233
Henry S. White and Frederic Kanoufi
Chapter 10 Potentiometric.Probes...............................................................................................275
Guy Denuault, Geza Nagy, and Klara Toth
Chapter 11 Biotechnological.Applications..................................................................................317
Benjamin R. Horrocks and Gunther Wittstock
v
vi Contents
Chapter 12 Scanning.Electrochemical.Microscopy.of.Living.Cells...........................................379
Janine Mauzeroll and Steen B. Schougaard
Chapter 13 Localized.Flux.Measurements.and.Kinetic.Imaging.at.Interfaces...........................417
Patrick R. Unwin and Julie V. Macpherson
Chapter 14 Applications.of.Scanning.Electrochemical.Microscopy.in.Corrosion.Research......451
Dennis E. Tallman and Mark B. Jensen
Chapter 15 Micro-.and.Nanopatterning.Using.Scanning.Electrochemical.Microscopy.............489
Daniel Mandler
Chapter 16 Application.to.Electrocatalysis.and.Photocatalysis.and.Surface.Interrogation........525
Joaquín Rodríguez López, Cynthia G. Zoski, and Allen J. Bard
Chapter 17 Hybrid.Scanning.Electrochemical.Techniques:.Methods.and.Applications.............569
Julie V. Macpherson and Christophe Demaille
Chapter 18 Additional.Recent.Applications.and.Prospects.........................................................635
Allen J. Bard, Fernando Cortés Salazar, and Hubert H. Girault
Preface
During.the.10.years.that.have.passed.since.the.publication.of.the.first.edition.of.this.book,.scanning.
electrochemical.microscopy.(SECM).has.evolved.substantially..The.number.of.publications.in.this.
field.has.greatly.increased,.and.their.focus.has.changed.from.proof-of-concept.experiments.to.real-
world.applications..SECM.has.been.employed.as.an.electrochemical.tool.to.study.heterogeneous.
and.homogeneous.reactions,.for.high-resolution.imaging.of.various.substrates,.including.biological.
cells,.and.for.microfabrication..This.technique.is.now.used.by.a.number.of.research.groups.in.many.
different.countries..We.think.the.time.has.come.for.a.new.edition.of.this.book.that.will.provide.
up-to-date.comprehensive.reviews.of.different.aspects.of.SECM.
All.chapters.in.this.edition.are.either.new.or.thoroughly.updated..Chapters.1.through.5.contain.
experimental.and.theoretical.background,.which.is.essential.for.everyone.working.in.this.field..
Chapter.1.covers.the.principles.of.SECM.measurements,.Chapter.2.deals.with.instrumentation,.
Chapter.3.describes.the.preparation.of.SECM.probes,.Chapter.4.covers.imaging.methodologies,.
and.Chapter.5.deals.with.theory..Other.chapters.are.dedicated.to.specific.applications.and.are.
self-contained..Although.some.knowledge.of.electrochemistry.and.physical.chemistry.is.assumed,.
the.key.ideas.discussed.are.at.a.level.suitable.for.beginning.graduate.students.
SECM.has.proved.useful.for.a.broad.range.of.interdisciplinary.research..Various.applications.
discussed.in.this.book.range.from.studies.of.biological.systems.to.sensors.to.probing.reactions.
at.the.liquid–liquid.interface..Although.we.did.not.intend.to.present.even.a.brief.survey.of.these.
diverse.areas.of.research,.each.chapter.provides.sufficient.details.to.allow.a.specialist.to.evaluate.
the.applicability.of.SECM.for.solving.a.specific.problem..We.hope.it.will.be.useful.to.all.interested.
in.learning.about.this.technique.and.applying.it.
Four.new.chapters.in.this.book.describe.recent.advances.of.SECM.in.several.areas.of.current.
interest,.i.e.,.studies.of.single.biological.cells.(Chapter.12),.corrosion.(Chapter.14),.electrocatalysis.
(Chapter.16),.and.hybrid.techniques.(Chapter.17)..Another.major.development.covered.throughout.
the.book.is.the.ongoing.shift.from.micrometer-scale.experiments.to.the.nanoscale..Recent.meth-
odological.advances.have.greatly.increased.the.capacity.of.SECM.to.characterize.interfaces.at.the.
nanoscale.and.to.obtain.molecular-level.chemical.information..To.keep.this.new.edition.to.a.man-
ageable.size,.it.was.felt.necessary.to.omit.some.material.from.the.first.edition.(e.g.,.in.Chapter.2)..
Interested.readers.should.still.be.able.to.access.this.material.from.the.first.edition.of.this.book.
In.closing,.we.thank.our.students,.coworkers,.and.colleagues.who.have.done.so.much.to.develop.
SECM..The.future.for.this.technique,.which.is.unique.among.scanning.probe.methods.in.its.quan-
titative.rigor.and.in.its.ability.to.study.with.ease.samples.in.liquid.environments,.continues.to.be.a.
bright.one.
Allen J. Bard
Michael V. Mirkin
vii