Saunders Nursing Drug Handbook 2016, 1e

1615 Pages·2015·13.03 MB·English

by  Robert J. Kizior BS RPh

Lifespan Considerations
in each monograph note
factors to be considered
for geriatric, pediatric,
pregnant, or nursing
populations. Appendix H
provides additional
Black Box Alerts resources.
advise about the
increased risks of a 2 morphine
particular drug. mmoorrpphhiinnee AAHHLLIIEEGGRRHHTT prprooaaiinnddcciissrrmmeeaa,,tt iittuuiissrr,,ee ttAAhhddrraaddllii ssssoottnnrrii’’sscc ttuuddrriieesse,e, aappssrreeoo,, sshhttaayyttppiiccoo tthhhhyyyy----
ppeerrppllaassiiaa,, ddeebbiilliittaatteedd ppttss,, tthhoossee wwiitthh CCNNSS
mmoorr--ffeeeenn ddeepprreessssiioonn,, ttooxxiicc ppssyycchhoossiiss,, sseeiizzuurree ddiissoorr--
((AAssttrraammoorrpphh PPFF,, AAvviinnzzaa,, DDeeppooDDuurr,, ddeerrss,, aallccoohhoolliissmm..
DDuurraammoorrpphh PPFF,, IInnffuummoorrpphh,, KKaaddiiaann,,
MM--EEsslloonn ,, MMSS CCoonnttiinn,, MMSSIIRR ,, LL IIFFEESSPPAANN CCOONNSSIIDDEERRAATTIIOONNSS
OOrraammoorrpphh SSRR,, RRooxxaannooll)) PPrreeggnnaannccyy//LLaaccttaattiioonn:: CCrroosssseess ppllaacceennttaa..
BBLLAACCKK BBOOXX AALLEERRTT BBee aalleerrtt ffoorr ssiiggnnss DDiissttrriibbuutteedd iinn bbrreeaasstt mmiillkk.. PPrreeggnnaannccyy CCaatt--
ooff aabbuussee,, mmiissuussee,, ddiivveerrssiioonn.. EEppiidduurraall:: eeggoorryy CC ((DD iiff uusseedd ffoorr pprroolloonnggeedd ppeerriiooddss
MrtMrtiieennolol:::ee nnUUaaiittssssooeeeerr::: ooffDDoonnoorrll yy d dnn iieeoonnlltt aa ooccyypprreeiiuuooddssii ddshshee-- oottddoorraa l leeccttiirrhhooaaeennnnww..tt SS..pp uuMMttssssSS ttrraa eeCCiiqqnnoouueenniidd--rr---- ooPPrraa rraaaaddtt oohhxxiiiiggcchhaa ll ddeeooxxssccaaiittggeeeemmss eeaanntttt ttmmeerraammyy ))oo.. ccCCccuuhhrrii;;ll ddtthhrreeoonnssee::
iinngg oovveerr 440000 mmgg//ddaayy.. KKaaddiiaann::: UUssee oonnllyy iinn yyoouunnggeerr tthhaann 22 yyrrss aarree mmoorree ssuusscceeppttiibbllee ttoo
o oppiiooiidd--ttoolleerraanntt ppttss.. AAvviinnzzaa::: AAllccoohhooll ddiiss-- rreessppiirraattoorryy ddeepprreessssaanntt eeffffeeccttss.. EEllddeerrllyy::
rruuppttss e exxtteennddeedd--rreelleeaassee ttiimmiinngg.. DDuurraa-- PPaarraaddooxxiiccaall eexxcciitteemmeenntt mmaayy ooccccuurr..
mmoorrpphh PPFF::: RRiisskk ooff sseevveerree aanndd//oorr ssuuss--
ttaaiinneedd ccaarrddiiooppuullmmoonnaarryy ddeepprreessssiioonn.. IINNTTEERRAACCTTIIOONNSS
CCLLAASSSSIIFFIICCAATTIIOONN DDRRUUGG:: AAllccoohhooll,, ootthheerr CCNNSS ddeepprreessssaannttss
aaPP((ggSSHHooccAAnnhhRRiieessMMddtt..AA uuCCCClleeLLOO IITTNNIIHHIIII))CCEE AARR((ssAALLee::PP eeEEOO ppUUpp..TT iiaa11IICCtt44ee::22 CCaaNN))nn..aaaarrllggcceeoossttiiiicccc ppmmkkrrooaaeellyyssaa ssii,,iinn ookkccnnrraa,,ee vvaaaahhss eeyykk ppCCaaooNNvvtteeaaSSnn ,,ee ssSSffiiffoottee..nncc ..JJtt ssoo,, HHhhrrEEnneeRRss’’ssppBB iiwwAArraaLLoott::oo rrrrttGG,,yy oovvddtataeeuu----
lleerriiaann mmaayy iinnccrreeaassee CCNNSS ddeepprreessssiioonn..
FFOOOODD:: NNoonnee kknnoowwnn.. LLAABB VVAALLUUEESS:: MMaayy
AACCTTIIOONN iinnccrreeaassee sseerruumm aammyyllaassee,, lliippaassee..
M BBiinnddss wwiitthh ooppiiooiidd rreecceeppttoorrss wwiitthhiinn CCNNSS..
TThheerraappeeuuttiicc EEffffeecctt:: AAlltteerrss ppaaiinn ppeerrcceepp-- AAVVAAIILLAABBIILLIITTYY ((RRxx))
ttiioonn,, eemmoottiioonnaall rreessppoonnssee ttoo ppaaiinn.. IInnjjeeccttiioonn,, LLiippoossoommaall SSuussppeennssiioonn ((DDeeppoo--
Interactions identify DDuurr)):: 1100 mmgg//mmll.. IInnjjeeccttiioonn,, SSoolluuttiioonn:: 22
PPHHAARRMMAACCOOKKIINNEETTIICCSS mmgg//mmll,, 44 mmgg//mmll,, 55 mmgg//mmll,, 1100 mmgg//mmll,,
potential herbal, VVaarriiaabbllyy aabbssoorrbbeedd ffrroomm GGII ttrraacctt.. RReeaaddiillyy 1155 mmgg//mmll,, 2255 mmgg//mmll,, 5500 mmgg//mmll.. IInnjjeecc--
drug, and food aabbssoorrbbeedd aafftteerr IIMM,, ssuubbccuuttaanneeoouuss aaddmmiinn-- ttiioonn,, SSoolluuttiioonn ((EEppiidduurraall,, IInnttrraatthheeccaall,, IIVV
iissttrraattiioonn.. PPrrootteeiinn bbiinnddiinngg:: 2200%%––3355%%.. IInnffuussiioonn)) ((AAssttrraammoorrpphh PPFF,, DDuurraammoorrpphh PPFF))::
interactions with a WWiiddeellyy ddiissttrriibbuutteedd.. MMeettaabboolliizzeedd iinn lliivveerr.. 00..55 mmgg//mmll,, 11 mmgg//mmll..
particular drug. PPrriimmaarriillyy eexxccrreetteedd iinn uurriinnee.. RReemmoovveedd bbyy CCaappssuulleess,, EExxtteennddeedd--RReelleeaassee ((AAvviinnzzaa))::
hheemmooddiiaallyyssiiss.. HHaallff--lliiffee:: 22––44 hhrrss ((iinn-- 3300 mmgg,, 4455 mmgg,, 6600 mmgg,, 7755 mmgg,, 9900 mmgg,, 112200
ccrreeaasseedd iinn hheeppaattiicc ddiisseeaassee)).. mg. CCaappssuulleess,, SSuussttaaiinneedd--RReelleeaassee ((KKaa--
UUSSEESS dmmiaggn,, )11: 00220000 mmmmgggg,, ,,22 33000000 mmmmgggg..,, 5500 mmgg,, 6600 mmgg,, 8800
RReelliieeff ooff mmooddeerraattee ttoo sseevveerree,, aaccuuttee,, oorr
cchhrroonniicc ppaaiinn;; aannaallggeessiiaa dduurriinngg llaabboorr.. DDrruugg AADDMMIINNIISSTTRRAATTIIOONN//HHAANNDDLLIINNGG
ooff cchhooiiccee ffoorr ppaaiinn dduuee ttoo MMII,, ddyyssppnneeaa ffrroomm
ppuullmmoonnaarryy eeddeemmaa nnoott rreessuullttiinngg ffrroomm cchheemm-- IV
iiccaall rreessppiirraattoorryy iirrrriittaanntt.. DDeeppooDDuurr:: EEppiidduu-- RReeccoonnssttiittuuttiioonn •• MMaayy ggiivvee uunnddiilluutteedd..
Uses section in each rraall ((lluummbbaarr)) ssiinnggllee ddoossee mmaannaaggeemmeenntt ooff •• FFoorr IIVV iinnjjeeccttiioonn,, mmaayy ddiilluuttee 22..55––1155 mmgg
ssuurrggiiccaall ppaaiinn.. mmoorrpphhiinnee iinn 44––55 mmll SStteerriillee WWaatteerr ffoorr IInnjjeecc--
monograph notes the ttiioonn.. •• FFoorr ccoonnttiinnuuoouuss IIVV iinnffuussiioonn,, ddiilluuttee ttoo
standard and off-label PPRREECCAAUUTTIIOONNSS ccoonncceennttrraattiioonn ooff 00..11––11 mmgg//mmll iinn DD55WW aanndd
uses for a particular GCCGooII nnoottrrbbaassiittnnrrdduuiiccccttaaiioottiinnoo,,nn ppss::aa AArraacclluuyytttteieicc o o iirrllee ssuueessvv,,ee rsrseeee v vaaeessrrtteehh mmhheeaa--,, RRggiiaavveett eetthh oorrffoo uuaaggddhhmm cciioonnnniissttrrttoorrllaalleettddiioo iinnnn ff••uu ssAAiioollwwnnaa ddyyeess vvaaiiccddeemm..iinn--
drug. ppaattiicc//rreennaall iimmppaaiirrmmeenntt,, sseevveerree rreessppiirraattoorryy iisstteerr vveerryy sslloowwllyy.. RRaappiidd IIVV iinnccrreeaasseess rriisskk ooff
ddeepprreessssiioonn.. CCaauuttiioonnss:: BBiilliiaarryy ttrraacctt ddiisseeaassee,, sseevveerree aaddvveerrssee rreeaaccttiioonnss ((aappnneeaa,, cchheesstt wwaallll
underlined – top prescribed drug
Top prescribed
drugs are underlined.
IV Incompatibilities/
Compatibilities present
important information for
IV drugs.
morphine 3
rriiggiiddiittyy,, ppeerriipphheerraall cciirrccuullaattoorryy ccoollllaappssee,, PPaattiieenntt--CCoonnttrroolllleedd AAnnaallggeessiiaa ((PPCCAA))
ccaarrddiiaacc aarrrreesstt,, aannaapphhyyllaaccttooiidd eeffffeeccttss)).. IIVV:: AADDUULLTTSS,, EELLDDEERRLLYY:: LLooaaddiinngg ddoossee::
SSttoorraaggee •• SSttoorree aatt rroooomm tteemmppeerraattuurree.. 55––1100 mmgg.. IInntteerrmmiitttteenntt bboolluuss:: 00..55––33
mmgg.. LLoocckkoouutt iinntteerrvvaall::55––1122 mmiinn.. CCoonn--
EEppiidduurraall,, LLiippoossoommaall ttiinnuuoouuss iinnffuussiioonn::11––1100 mmgg//hhrr.. 44--hhrr
•• MMaayy ggiivvee eeiitthheerr ddiilluutteedd oorr uunnddiilluutteedd.. lliimmiitt:: 2200––3300 mmgg..
•• DDoo nnoott uussee aann iinn--lliinnee fifi lltteerr.. •• SSttoorree
ssoolluuttiioonn iinn rreeffrriiggeerraattoorr;; ddoo nnoott ffrreeeezzee.. MMaayy SSIIDDEE EEFFFFEECCTTSS
ssttoorree aatt rroooomm tteemmppeerraattuurree ffoorr 77 ddaayyss.. FFrreeqquueenntt::SSeeddaattiioonn,, ddeeccrreeaasseedd BB//PP ((iinn--
•• FFoolllloowwiinngg wwiitthhddrraawwaall ffrroomm vviiaall,, uussee cclluuddiinngg oorrtthhoossttaattiicc hhyyppootteennssiioonn)),, ddiiaapphhoo--
wwiitthhiinn 44 hhrrss.. •• GGeennttllyy iinnvveerrtt vviiaall ttoo rreessuuss-- rreessiiss,, ffaacciiaall flfl uusshhiinngg,, ccoonnssttiippaattiioonn,, ddiizzzzii--
ppeenndd ddrruugg;; aavvooiidd aaggggrreessssiivvee aaggiittaattiioonn.. nneessss,, ddrroowwssiinneessss,, nnaauusseeaa,, vvoommiittiinngg..
OOccccaassiioonnaall:: AAlllleerrggiicc rreeaaccttiioonn ((rraasshh,, pprruurrii--
IIVV IINNCCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTIIEESS ttuuss)),, ddyyssppnneeaa,, ccoonnffuussiioonn,, ppaallppiittaattiioonnss,, Side Effects section in
AAmmpphhootteerriicciinn BB ccoommpplleexx ((AAbbeellcceett,, AAmmBBii-- ttrreemmoorrss,, uurriinnaarryy rreetteennttiioonn,, aabbddoommiinnaall
ssoommee,, AAmmpphhootteecc)),, cceeffeeppiimmee ((MMaaxxiipp-- ccrraammppss,, vviissiioonn cchhaannggeess,, ddrryy mmoouutthh,, hheeaadd-- each drug monograph
iimmee)),, ddooxxoorruubbiicciinn ((DDooxxiill)),, lliippiiddss,, pphhee-- aacchhee,, ddeeccrreeaasseedd aappppeettiittee,, ppaaiinn//bbuurrnniinngg aatt specifies the frequency of
nnyyttooiinn ((DDiillaannttiinn)),, tthhiiooppeennttaall.. iinnjjeeccttiioonn ssiittee.. RRaarree::PPaarraallyyttiicc iilleeuuss..
particular side effects.
IIVV CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTIIEESS AADDVVEERRSSEE EEFFFFEECCTTSS//
AAmmiiooddaarroonnee ((CCoorrddaarroonnee)),, aattrrooppiinnee,, bbuu-- TTOOXXIICC RREEAACCTTIIOONNSS
mmeettaanniiddee ((BBuummeexx)),, bbuuppiivvaaccaaiinnee ((MMaarr-- OOvveerrddoossee rreessuullttss iinn rreessppiirraattoorryy ddeepprreessssiioonn,,
ccaaiinnee,, SSeennssoorrccaaiinnee)),, ddiillttiiaazzeemm ((CCaarrddiizzeemm)),, sskkeelleettaall mmuussccllee flfl aacccciiddiittyy,, ccoolldd//ccllaammmmyy
ddiipphheennhhyyddrraammiinnee ((BBeennaaddrryyll)),, ddoobbuuttaammiinnee sskkiinn,, ccyyaannoossiiss,, eexxttrreemmee ddrroowwssiinneessss pprroo--
((DDoobbuuttrreexx)),, ddooppaammiinnee ((IInnttrrooppiinn)),, ggllyyccoo-- ggrreessssiinngg ttoo sseeiizzuurreess,, ssttuuppoorr,, ccoommaa.. TToolleerr-- M
ppyyrrrroollaattee ((RRoobbiinnuull)),, hheeppaarriinn,, hhyyddrrooxxyyzziinnee aannccee ttoo aannaallggeessiicc eeffffeecctt,, pphhyyssiiccaall ddeeppeenn--
((VViissttaarriill)),, lliiddooccaaiinnee,, lloorraazzeeppaamm ((AAttiivvaann)),, ddeennccee mmaayy ooccccuurr wwiitthh rreeppeeaatteedd uussee..
mmaaggnneessiiuumm,, mmiiddaazzoollaamm ((VVeerrsseedd)),, mmiillrrii-- Adverse Reactions
snsniioouunnmmee,, pp((rrPPoorrppiioommffooaaccll oo((rrDD))ii,,pp rriinnvviiaattnrrnoo))gg,, llttyyoocctteeaarrll iippnnaa,, rreeppnnootteettaarrsasa--ll NNUURRSSIINNGG CCOONNSSIIDDEERRAATTIIOONNSS highlight the particularly
nnuuttrriittiioonn ((TTPPNN)).. BBAASSEELLIINNEE AASSSSEESSSSMMEENNTT dangerous side effects.
PPtt sshhoouulldd bbee iinn rreeccuummbbeenntt ppoossiittiioonn bbee--
IINNDDIICCAATTIIOONNSS//RROOUUTTEESS//DDOOSSAAGGEE ffoorree ddrruugg iiss ggiivveenn bbyy ppaarreenntteerraall rroouuttee..
ALERT DDoossaaggee sshhoouulldd bbee ttiittrraatteedd ttoo AAsssseessss oonnsseett,, ttyyppee,, llooccaattiioonn,, dduurraattiioonn ooff
ddeessiirreedd eeffffeecctt.. ppaaiinn..
AAnnaallggeessiiaa
PPOO ((IIMMMMEEDDIIAATTEE--RREELLEEAASSEE))::AADDUULLTTSS,, IINNTTEERRVVEENNTTIIOONN//EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN
EELLDDEERRLLYY::1100––3300 mmgg qq33––44hh aass nneeeeddeedd.. MMoonniittoorr vviittaall ssiiggnnss 55––1100 mmiinn aafftteerr IIVV aadd--
CCHHIILLDDRREENN:: 00..1155––00..33 mmgg//kkgg qq33––44hh aass mmiinniissttrraattiioonn,, 1155––3300 mmiinn aafftteerr ssuubbccuuttaannee--
nneeeeddeedd.. oouuss,, IIMM.. BBee aalleerrtt ffoorr ddeeccrreeaasseedd rreessppiirraa--
PPOO ((EEXXTTEENNDDEEDD--RREELLEEAASSEE [[AAVVIINNZZAA]])):: ttiioonnss,, BB//PP.. CChheecckk ffoorr aaddeeqquuaattee vvooiiddiinngg..
AADDUULLTTSS,, EELLDDEERRLLYY:: DDoossaaggee rreeqquuiirreemmeenntt MMoonniittoorr ddaaiillyy ppaatttteerrnn ooff bboowweell aaccttiivviittyy aanndd
sshhoouulldd bbee eessttaabblliisshheedd uussiinngg pprroommpptt-- ssttooooll ccoonnssiisstteennccyy.. AAvvooiidd ccoonnssttiippaattiioonn..
rreelleeaassee ffoorrmmuullaattiioonnss aanndd iiss bbaasseedd oonn ttoottaall
ddaaiillyy ddoossee.. AAvviinnzzaa iiss ggiivveenn oonnccee aa ddaayy oonnllyy.. PPAATTIIEENNTT//FFAAMMIILLYY TTEEAACCHHIINNGG
PPOO ((EEXXTTEENNDDEEDD--RREELLEEAASSEE [[KKAADDIIAANN]])):: •DDiissccoommffoorrtt mmaayy ooccccuurr wwiitthh iinnjjeeccttiioonn..
AADDUULLTTSS,, EELLDDEERRLLYY:: DDoossaaggee rreeqquuiirreemmeenntt •CChhaannggee ppoossiittiioonnss sslloowwllyy ttoo aavvooiidd oorrtthhoo--
sshhoouulldd bbee eessttaabblliisshheedd uussiinngg pprroommpptt-- ssttaattiicc hhyyppootteennssiioonn.. • AAvvooiidd ttaasskkss tthhaatt rree--
rreelleeaassee ffoorrmmuullaattiioonnss aanndd iiss bbaasseedd oonn ttoottaall qquuiirree aalleerrttnneessss,, mmoottoorr sskkiillllss uunnttiill rreessppoonnssee
ddaaiillyy ddoossee.. DDoossee iiss ggiivveenn oonnccee aa ddaayy oorr ddii-- ttoo ddrruugg iiss eessttaabblliisshheedd.. • AAvvooiidd aallccoohhooll,, CCNNSS
vviiddeedd aanndd ggiivveenn qq1122hh.. ddeepprreessssaannttss..
Canadian trade name Non-Crushable Drug High Alert drug
New to this Edition!
• Nearly 30 drugs recently
High Alert drugs approved by the FDA
are shaded in blue • Hundreds of updates and
for easy identification. revisions
• Over 270 updated Black
Box Alerts
YOU’VE JUST PURCHASED
MORE THAN
A TEXTBOOK!
Evolve Student Resources for
Kizior/Hodgson: Saunders Nursing Drug
Handbook, 2016, include the following:
• 100 Most Common Medications
• Content Updates
• Conversion Table
• Herbals
• Less Frequently Used Drugs
• Non-Crushable Drugs
• Orphan Drugs
• Signs and Symptoms of Electrolyte Imbalance
• QT-Interval Prolongation and Medication Safety
• Techniques of
Medication
Administration
• Updates and
Alerts
Activate the complete learning experience that comes
with each NEW textbook purchase by registering at
http://evolve.elsevier.com/SaundersNDH/
REGISTER TODAY!
You can now purchase Elsevier products on Evolve!
Go to evolve.elsevier.com/html/shop-promo.html to search and browse for products.
Saunders
NURSING
DRUG
HANDBOOK
2016
ROBERT J. KIZIOR, BS, RPh BARBARA B. HODGSON, RN, OCN
Department of Pharmacy Former Staff Nurse
Alexian Brothers Medical Center Morton Plant Mease Northbay Hospital
Elk Grove Village, Illinois New Port Richey, Florida;
Former Staff Nurse, Cancer Institute
St. Joseph’s Hospital
Tampa, Florida
In Memoriam
With additional contributions by
Keith J. Hodgson, RN, BSN, CCRN James B. Witmer, RN, BSN
Staff Nurse, Intensive Care Unit Charge Nurse, Clinical Leader III
Former Staff Nurse, Emergency Department Emergency Trauma Services
St. Joseph’s Hospital St. Joseph’s Hospital
Tampa, Florida Tampa, Florida
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
SAUNDERS NURSING DRUG HANDBOOK 2016 ISBN: 978-0-323-35379-3
ISSN: 1098-8661
Copyright © 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006,
2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1993 by
Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission,
further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations
such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our
website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Pub-
lisher (other than as may be noted herein).
NOTICES
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience
broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treat-
ment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in eval-
uating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using
such information or methods, they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others,
including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check
the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of
each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and dura-
tion of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their
own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the
best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors,
assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products lia-
bility, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions,
or ideas contained in the material herein.
ISBN: 978-0-323-35379-3
Executive Content Strategist: Sonya Seigafuse
Content Development Manager: Billie Sharp
Publishing Services Manager: Jeff Patterson
Senior Project Manager: Jodi M. Willard
Design Direction: Paula Catalano
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
DRUGS BY DISORDER xiii
DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS 1C
A–Z DRUG ENTRIES 1
APPENDIXES 1332
A. Calculation of Doses 1332
B. Controlled Drugs (United States) 1333
C. FDA Pregnancy Categories 1333
D. Wound Care 1334
E. Drugs of Abuse 1338
F. Equianalgesic Dosing 1344
G. Herbals: Common Natural Medicines 1345
H. Lifespan, Cultural Aspects,
and Pharmacogenomics of Drug Therapy 1352
I. Normal Laboratory Values 1356
J. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Enzymes 1358
K. Poison Antidote Chart 1361
L. Preventing Medication Errors and Improving
Medication Safety 1366
M. Parenteral Fluid Administration 1370
N. Common Terminology Criteria for
Adverse Events (CTCAE) 1373
GENERAL INDEX 1375
iii
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES
Robert (Bob) J. Kizior, BS, RPh
Bob graduated from the University of Illinois School of Pharmacy and is licensed to
practice in the state of Illinois. He has worked as a hospital pharmacist for more than
40 years at Alexian Brothers Medical Center in Elk Grove Village, Illinois—a suburb of
Chicago. Bob is the Pharmacy Surgery Coordinator for the Department of Pharmacy,
where he participates in educational programs for pharmacists, nurses, physicians,
and patients. He plays a major role in coordinating pharmacy services in the OR satel-
lite. Bob is a former adjunct faculty member at William Rainey Harper Community
College in Palatine, Illinois.
An avid fan of Big Ten college athletics, Bob also has eclectic tastes in music that
range from classical, big band, rock ’n’ roll, and jazz to country and western. Bob
spends much of his free time reviewing the professional literature to stay current on
new drug information.
Keith J. Hodgson, RN, BSN, CCRN
Keith was born into a loving family in Chicago, Illinois. His mother, Barbara B. Hodgson,
was an author and publisher of several medication products, and her work has been a
part of his life since he was a child. By the time he was four years old, Keith was already
helping his mother with the drug cards by stacking the draft pages that were piled up
throughout their home.
Because of his mother’s influence, Keith contemplated becoming a nurse in college, but
his mind was fully made up after he shadowed his sister in the Emergency Department.
Keith received his Associates Degree in Nursing from Hillsborough Community College and
his Bachelor of Science in Nursing from the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida.
Keith started his career in the Emergency Department and now works in the Trauma/
Neurological/Surgical Intensive Care Unit at St. Joseph’s Hospital in Tampa, Florida.
Keith’s favorite interests include music, reading, Kentucky basketball, and, if he gets
the chance, watching every minute of the Olympic Games.
iv
REVIEWERS
Reamer L. Bushardt, PharmD, PA-C Joshua J. Neumiller, PharmD, CDE,
Professor and Chair, Department of Physician FASCP
Assistant Studies Assistant Professor
Wake Forest University School of Medicine Department of Pharmacotherapy
Winston-Salem, North Carolina College of Pharmacy
James Graves, PharmD Washington State University
St. Mary’s Health Center Spokane, Washington
Jefferson City, Missouri Travis E. Sonnett, PharmD
Sarah E. Heeter, BSN, RN Inpatient Pharmacy Supervisor/Clinical Pharmacy
Barnes-Jewish St. Peters Hospital Specialist
St. Peters, Missouri Adjunct Clinical Professor
Mann-Grandstaff VA Medical Center
Washington State University College of Pharmacy
Spokane, Washington
CONSULTANTS*
Katherine B. Barbee, MSN, ANP, F-NP-C Linda Laskowski-Jones, RN, MS, CS,
Kaiser Permanente CCRN, CEN
Washington, DC Christiana Care Health System
Lisa Brown Newark, Delaware
Jackson State Community College Jessica K. Leet, RN, BSN
Jackson, Tennessee Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital
Marla J. DeJong, RN, MS, CCRN, CEN, St. Louis, Missouri
Capt Denise Macklin, BSN, RNC, CRNI
Wilford Hall Medical Center President, Professional Learning Systems, Inc.
Lackland Air Force Base, Texas Marietta, Georgia
Diane M. Ford, RN, MS, CCRN Nancy L. McCartney
Andrews University Valencia Community College
Berrien Springs, Michigan Orlando, Florida
Denise D. Hopkins, PharmD Judith L. Myers, MSN, RN
College of Pharmacy Health Sciences Center
University of Arkansas St. Louis University School of Nursing
Little Rock, Arkansas St. Louis, Missouri
Barbara D. Horton, RN, MS Kimberly R. Pugh, MSEd, RN, BS
Arnot Ogden Medical Center School of Nursing Nurse Consultant
Elmira, New York Baltimore, Maryland
Mary Beth Jenkins, RN, CCRN, CAPA Regina T. Schiavello, BSN, RNC
Elliott One Day Surgery Center Wills Eye Hospital
Manchester, New Hampshire Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Kelly W. Jones, PharmD, BCPS Gregory M. Susla, PharmD, FCCM
McLeod Family Medicine Center National Institutes of Health
McLeod Regional Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland
Florence, South Carolina Elizabeth Taylor
Autumn E. Korson Tennessee Wesleyan College of Nursing
Western Michigan University Bronson School of Fort Saunders Regional
Nursing Knoxville, Tennessee
Kalamazoo, Michigan
*The author acknowledges the work of the consultants in previous edition(s).
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank my co-author Bob Kizior for his knowledge, experience, support,
and friendship. We would like to give special thanks to Sonya Seigafuse, Billie Sharp,
Charlene Ketchum, Jeff Patterson, Jodi Willard, and the entire Elsevier team for their
superior dedication, hard work, and belief in us. We gratefully acknowledge Megan
Knight and the staff at Graphic World for their tenacious detail and work. We would
also like to thank Jim Witmer, RN, BSN, for his support, attention to detail, and knowl-
edge. Without this wonderful team, none of this would be possible.
Keith J. Hodgson, RN, BSN, CCRN
DEDICATION
I dedicate my work to the practicing nurse, those aspiring to become nurses, and to all
health care professionals who are dedicated to the art and science of healing.
Bob Kizior, BS, RPh
I dedicate this work to my sister, Lauren, a foundation for our family; my sister, Kathryn,
for her love and support; my father, David Hodgson, the best father a son could have;
my brothers-in-law, Andy and Jim, great additions to the family; the grandchildren,
Paige Olivia, Logan James, Ryan James, and Dylan Boyd; to Jen Nicely for always being
there; and to my band of brothers, Peter, Jamie, Miguel, Ritch, George, Jon, Domingo,
Ben, Craig, Pat, and Shay.
We also make a special dedication to Barbara B. Hodgson, RN, OCN. She truly was
a piece of something wonderful. Barbara often gave her love and support without need-
ing any in return, and would do anything for a smile. Not only was she a colleague and
a friend, she was also a small business owner, an artist, a dreamer, and an innovator.
We hope the pride we offer in her honor comes close to what she always gave us. Her
dedication and perseverance lives on.
Keith J. Hodgson, RN, BSN, CCRN
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ: Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal
and Neonatal Risk, ed 9, Philadelphia, 2011, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Drug Facts and Comparisons 2014, Philadelphia, 2014, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Lacy CF, Armstrong LL, Goldman MP, Lance LL: Lexi-Comp’s Drug Information Handbook, ed 23,
Hudson, OH, 2014–2015, Lexi-Comp.
Lexi-Comp’s Drug Information Handbook for Oncology, ed 9, Hudson, OH, 2011, Lexi-Comp.
Takemoto CK, Hodding JH, Kraus DM: Lexi-Comp’s Pediatric Dosage Handbook, ed 21, Hudson,
OH, 2014–2015, Lexi-Comp.
Trissel LA: Handbook of Injectable Drugs, ed 17, Bethesda, MD, 2013, American Society of
Health-System Pharmacists.
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
Kee JL, Hayes ER, McCuiston LE (eds): Pharmacology: A Nursing Process Approach, ed 7,
Philadelphia, 2012, Saunders.
Mosby’s GenRx, ed 12, St. Louis, 2004, Mosby.
vi