SAP Implementation Unleashed: A Business and Technical Roadmap to Deploying SAP PDF
Preview SAP Implementation Unleashed: A Business and Technical Roadmap to Deploying SAP
ptg6432687 www.it-ebooks.info George W. Anderson Charles D. Nilson, Jr. Tim Rhodes ptg6432687 SAP Implementation U N L E A S H E D A Business and Technical Roadmap to Deploying SAP 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA www.it-ebooks.info SAP Implementation Unleashed: A Business and Technical Roadmap Editor-in-Chief to Deploying SAP Mark Taub Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Acquisitions Editor All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval Trina MacDonald system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is Development Editor assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every Michael Thurston precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for Managing Editor damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Patrick Kanouse ISBN-13: 978-0-672-33004-9 ISBN-10: 0-672-33004-0 Project Editor Tonya Simpson Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Copy Editor Bill McManus Anderson, George W. SAP implementation unleashed : a business and technical roadmap to deploying SAP Indexer / George W. Anderson, Charles D. Nilson, Jr., Tim Rhodes. Ken Johnson p. cm. Proofreader Includes index. Paula Lowell ISBN 978-0-672-33004-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. SAP ERP. 2. Integrated software 3. Business—Data processing. I. Nilson, Charles D. II. Rhodes, Tim. III. Title. Technical Editor QA76.76.I57.A65 2009 AJ Whalen 004'.36—dc22 Publishing 2009013560 Coordinator Olivia Basegio Printed in the United States of America ptg6432687 First Printing May 2009 Designer Trademarks Gary Adair All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks Compositor have been appropriately capitalized. Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of Jake McFarland this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Warning and Disclaimer Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possi- ble, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. 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For more information, please contact U.S. Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 [email protected] For sales outside of the U.S., please contact International Sales [email protected] www.it-ebooks.info Download at www.wowebook.com Contents at a Glance Introduction....................................................................................................1 Part I: Setting the Stage 1 What It Means to Implement SAP................................................................13 2 SAP Projects: Characteristics and Themes....................................................29 3 Business Vision..............................................................................................57 4 ERP Solution Vision ......................................................................................69 5 Financial Impact: Total Cost of Ownership .................................................93 6 Managing Knowledge and the Knowledge Repository ..............................121 Part II: Getting Started 7 Project Management Checkpoint 1: Groundwork.....................................133 8 Building the SAP Project Management Office............................................153 ptg6432687 9 SAP Project Management............................................................................169 10 No Implementation Is an Island: Partners Required .................................185 11 Building the SAP Project Team ...................................................................205 12 Staffing World-Class SAP Project Leadership .............................................227 13 Staffing the SAP Business Teams.................................................................257 14 Staffing the SAP Technical Support Organization......................................269 15 High Availability Considerations and Solutions........................................291 16 Disaster Recovery Considerations and Solutions.......................................317 17 Availability and Recoverability: Organizational Factors ............................341 18 Introduction to SAP Platform Sizing ..........................................................363 19 Conducting the SAP Platform Sizing Process.............................................385 20 Training SAP Staff .......................................................................................407 21 Developing the SAP Data Center................................................................433 Part III: SAP Realization/Functional Development 22 Project Management Checkpoint 2: Revisiting Key Artifacts...................467 23 Preparing for SAP Component Installations .............................................479 24 Installing SAP NetWeaver Components ....................................................509 25 Installing SAP Business Suite Components ...............................................527 www.it-ebooks.info Download at www.wowebook.com 26 Functional Development ............................................................................545 27 Functional Configuration Change Control...............................................565 28 Functional, Integration, and Regression Testing.......................................577 29 Advanced Concepts: Unlocking SAP with SOA and Web Services ............595 Part IV: Planning for Go-Live 30 Project Management Checkpoint 3: Project Team Retention....................611 31 SAP Infrastructure Operational Considerations .........................................625 32 SAP Infrastructure and Platform Testing ....................................................641 33 SAP Load and Stress Testing........................................................................657 34 Technical Change Control..........................................................................687 35 SAP Systems and Operations Management...............................................717 36 Preparing for SAP Go-Live ..........................................................................745 Part V: Appendixes A Case Study Answers ....................................................................................775 B SAP Acronyms .................................................................................795 Index . ptg6432687 .....................................................................................................................821 www.it-ebooks.info Download at www.wowebook.com Table of Contents Introduction 1 Part I: Setting the Stage 1 What It Means to Implement SAP 13 Welcome to SAP Implementation ...............................................................13 The Changing Business and IT Landscape..........................................14 One-Stop SAP Shopping .....................................................................14 An Unbiased View ..............................................................................15 Why Implement SAP: Enabling Innovation ...............................................15 Our Take on “Best Practices”...............................................................17 Common Practices..............................................................................17 The Four Priorities of an SAP Implementation...................................17 A Primer on SAP AG and SAP......................................................................18 ptg6432687 A History Lesson..................................................................................19 SAP Business Suite Components: The Big Picture ..............................20 How to Speak SAP: Terms and Terminology.......................................21 SAP NetWeaver: Enabling Business Solutions.....................................22 SAP Component Naming Conventions ..............................................23 Roadmaps to SAP Implementation..............................................................23 Business Roadmap ...............................................................................23 Technology Roadmap ..........................................................................24 Project Management Roadmap ...........................................................25 Summary .......................................................................................................26 Case Study: Getting on the Same Page ........................................................26 2 SAP Projects: Characteristics and Themes 29 What Does an SAP Implementation Look Like?..........................................29 SAP Implementation: It’s All About the Business ........................................30 Tactical Reasons for Implementing SAP ......................................................32 Strategic Reasons for Implementing SAP.....................................................33 Application Integration .......................................................................33 Improved Operational Reporting ........................................................33 Improved Strategic Reporting..............................................................34 Flexible Business Process Support .......................................................34 How SAP Has Benefited Customers in the Real World ................................35 www.it-ebooks.info Download at www.wowebook.com vi SAP Implementation Unleashed Project Management Considerations ..........................................................36 Promoting Buy-in Throughout the Company....................................37 Determining Realistic Service Levels..................................................37 Estimating ROI Early in the Game.....................................................38 The Importance of a Methodology ....................................................39 Pinning Down the Initial Implementation Budget ............................41 Establishing the General Structure and Roles of the Steering Committee.........................................................................................42 Pushing Business Unit Buy-in .............................................................44 Identifying Major Milestones ..............................................................45 Architecture Considerations ........................................................................47 SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework..............................................47 SAP NetWeaver Platform ....................................................................47 Technical Considerations and Constraints .................................................49 The SAP System Landscape .................................................................49 Giving Attention to Change Control..................................................51 Establishing the SAP Support Organization........................................52 Less Than Successful SAP Implementations................................................52 Summary ......................................................................................................54 ptg6432687 Case Study: Assessing a Project’s Chances for Success.................................55 3 Business Vision 57 Addressing Strategic Business Needs ...........................................................58 Key Business Drivers............................................................................60 Must Haves and More..........................................................................60 Understanding Organizational Change Strategies ......................................61 Lewin’s Unfreeze/Refreeze Change Model ..........................................61 Burke-Litwin Organization Change and Performance Model ............62 Orlikowski and Hofman’s Improvisational Change Model for ERP...63 Addressing Operational Strategy: Guiding Principles .................................64 Access Strategy .....................................................................................65 Capacity or Applications On Demand Strategy..................................65 Data Services Strategy..........................................................................66 Information Technology Location Strategy ........................................66 Tackling Technology Strategy .......................................................................66 Summary ......................................................................................................67 Case Study: A Business Vision Discussion....................................................67 4 ERP Solution Vision 69 What Is an ERP Solution Vision? .................................................................69 Business Impact............................................................................................71 Technology Perspectives ..............................................................................72 www.it-ebooks.info Download at www.wowebook.com Contents vii SAP Component and Other Considerations ...............................................74 SAP System Landscape Requirements .................................................74 Business Application Tenets ...............................................................75 Marrying Solutions to Computing Platform Standards ..............................76 SAP System Landscape Dimensions and Characteristics .............................77 Simplifying Your SAP System Landscape ............................................78 High Availability and the SAP System Landscape ..............................79 Disaster Recovery Considerations ......................................................80 Addressing Training Requirements ....................................................80 The Performance-Driven System Landscape......................................81 Driving Scalability into Your System Landscape ...............................82 The TCO-Driven System Landscape...................................................84 Infrastructure Security Considerations...............................................85 Manageability Considerations............................................................85 The System Landscape and Accessibility ...........................................86 ERP Solution Vision and IT Outsourcing ....................................................87 Prerequisites of IT Outsourcing ...........................................................87 Potential Benefits of Outsourcing SAP Infrastructure.........................88 Shortcomings of Outsourcing in the Real World................................89 ptg6432687 Analyzing Outsourcing Versus Doing It Yourself................................90 Hosting Providers for SAP....................................................................91 Summary .......................................................................................................92 Case Study: Developing Your ERP Solution Vision......................................92 5 Financial Impact: Total Cost of Ownership 93 Analyzing Total Cost of Ownership .............................................................94 How Solution Vision Drives TCO................................................................96 The Impact of High Availability Requirements ..................................97 Disaster Recovery Requirements That Drive TCO ..............................98 Performance Requirements and TCO...............................................101 How Scalability Impacts Total Cost..................................................102 Other SAP Solution Vision Drivers...................................................103 Lowering TCO Through the SAP Technology Stack .................................103 Standardization and Total Cost of Ownership .................................104 Server Considerations.......................................................................105 Disk Subsystem Hardware Dimensions............................................106 Operating System TCO.....................................................................107 Relational Database TCO..................................................................108 SAP Application Layer Costs ............................................................109 Upgrading the Technology Stack .....................................................112 Other SAP Technology Stack TCO Considerations...........................112 www.it-ebooks.info Download at www.wowebook.com viii SAP Implementation Unleashed Lowering TCO Through People and Processes..........................................113 Attracting and Retaining Support Staff.............................................114 Maintenance Costs ...........................................................................115 Financing Options ............................................................................115 Operations and Systems Management Costs....................................116 TCO Risk Factors...............................................................................117 Summary .....................................................................................................118 Case Study: TCO and Risk Factors..............................................................118 6 Managing Knowledge and the Knowledge Repository 121 Establishing an Initial Knowledge Management Footprint.......................121 Capturing Knowledge: The Knowledge Repository ..................................122 Planning/Project Management Knowledge.......................................123 Staffing Knowledge...........................................................................123 Business Vision, Requirements, and Functionality Knowledge........123 Solution Vision and Application/Business Scenario Knowledge......124 SAP System Landscape Knowledge...................................................124 Installation and Configuration Knowledge .....................................124 Knowledge Repository and Management Tools........................................125 ptg6432687 Using SAP KM and the SAP Knowledge Warehouse .........................125 Using SAP Content Server for Enterprise Knowledge Management....................................................................................126 Using Third-Party KM Software Applications ...................................126 Using Popular Collaboration Tools ...................................................127 Using Other Legacy KM Approaches ................................................127 Transferring Knowledge Throughout the Project.......................................127 Summary ....................................................................................................128 Case Study: KM Business Case Fundamentals............................................129 Part II: Getting Started 7 Project Management Checkpoint 1: Groundwork 133 Project Management Considerations .........................................................133 Project Management Basics .......................................................................134 Project Management Key Themes.....................................................134 Project Management Process Groups................................................136 Project Environment ........................................................................137 Interpersonal Skills and Business Management Expertise ................139 Initiating Phase: Program Preparation ......................................................140 Choosing the Project Initiator or Sponsor........................................140 Developing a Project Charter ............................................................140 www.it-ebooks.info Download at www.wowebook.com Contents ix Developing a Preliminary Scope Statement......................................141 Developing a Preliminary Project Budget ........................................142 Planning Phase: Business Blueprint...........................................................142 Developing the Project Management Plan .......................................143 Addressing Scope Definition and Documentation ...........................144 Creating the Project Schedule ..........................................................144 Establishing Project Standards .........................................................144 Validating the Project Budget...........................................................145 Creating a Communications Plan....................................................145 Creating the Training Plan ...............................................................145 Creating the Data Migration Plan....................................................145 Creating the RICEF Plan...................................................................145 Executing Phase: Realization and Final Preparation.................................146 Managing Deliverables ......................................................................146 Reviewing Requested Changes ..........................................................146 Implementing Change Requests .......................................................147 Performing Corrective and Preventative Actions .............................147 Updating the Risk Management Plan ...............................................147 Gathering Work Performance Information.......................................147 ptg6432687 Issue Management Systems ...............................................................147 Monitoring and Controlling Phase ...........................................................148 Scope Verification and Scope Control ..............................................149 Schedule and Cost Control ..............................................................149 Quality Management........................................................................149 Performance Reporting.....................................................................150 Stakeholder Management.................................................................150 Communication ...............................................................................150 Change Management and Control ..................................................151 Closing Phase: Project Closure ..................................................................151 Summary ....................................................................................................152 Case Study: Project Management Initial Checkpoint ................................152 8 Building the SAP Project Management Office 153 Project Management Office Considerations ..............................................153 Project Management Office Fundamentals ...............................................154 Creating the PMO..............................................................................154 Program Management Elements .......................................................155 Role of the PMO Within the Organization...............................................158 Establishing a PMO Organizational Structure ..................................158 SAP PMO Project Portfolio Projects..................................................161 www.it-ebooks.info Download at www.wowebook.com
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