Salafi-Jihadism: The History of an Idea

314 Pages·2016·2.981 MB·English

by  Shiraz Maher

SALAFI-JIHADISM

SHIRAZ MAHER
Salafi-Jihadism
The History of an Idea
A
A
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Shiraz Maher.
Salafi-Jihadism: The History of an Idea.
ISBN: 9780190651121
Printed in India on acid-free paper
for Maryam

CONTENTS
Acknowledgements xi
Note on Transliteration xv
Glossary xvii
INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction 3
The Prayer Hall Putsch 3
Salafi-Jihadism: typologies and definitions 8
Intellectual history 20
JIHAD
2. The Obligation of Fighting 31
The virtues of jihad 31
Authorising defensive declarations of jihad 35
3. Applying Jihad in Salafi Thought 41
Attacking the far enemy as a defensive measure 41
The rules of qitaal 46

Qissaass: the law of equal retaliation 49

Vicarious liability 56
Human shields (tatarrus) 59
TAKFIIR

4. Establishing Disbelief 71
The foundations of takfiir 71

vii
CONTENTS
The emergence of takfiir as a tool for intra-Muslim violence 75

The postponers emerge 78
5. Praxis in Action 83
The roots of modern takfiir 83

The tyrants (ttawaaghiit) 89

Criminal transgressors and oppressors (mujrimuun and zaliimuun) 94

Heretics (mushrikuun and rawaafidd) 101

AL-WALAA’ WA-L-BARAA’

6. The Making of Love and Hate 111
Al-walaa’ wa-l-baraa’ 111

Understanding al-walaa’ wa-l-baraa’ and its linguistic dimensions 112

The emergence and development of al-walaa’ wa-l-baraa’ as a

political concept in the first and second Saudi states 114
The development of al-walaa’ wa-l-baraa’ as a theoretical doctrine

of dissent 119
7. Al-Walaa’ wa-l-Baraa’ as Social Empowerment 125

Manifestations of al-walaa’ wa-l-baraa’ as a means of rebellion,

separation and confrontation 125
Akhaff al-ddararayn as a means of derogation from the prohibition

of isti‘aana bi-l-kuffaar 129

Resistance to akhaff al-ddararayn and the rise of popular dissent 130

Contemporary Salafi-Jihadi interpretations of al-walaa’ wa-l-baraa’ 134

TAWHHIID

8. Realising Monotheism 145
Tawhhiid in Salafi thought 145

Tawhhiid al-uluuhiyya: Islam as a living ideal 147

Political applications of tawhhiid 151

9. Holy War and the Essence of Monotheism 157
Jihad as the means of realising tawhhiid 157

HhAAKIMIYYA

10. The Dawn of Modern Political Islam 169
The birth of an idea: from reform to governance 169
viii