safer european level crossing appraisal and technology

214 Pages·2015·2.82 MB·English

El-Miloudi El-Koursi
T
he Coordination Action SELCAT
Louahdi Khoudour
(Safer European Level
Stefano Impastato
Crossing Appraisal and
Gabriele Malavasi
Technology), in response to the call
Stefano Ricci
of FP6 in the area of “Sustainable
Surface Transport Coordination Editors
Actions” in the objective “Increasing SAFER EUROPEAN
road, rail and waterborne safety and
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avoiding traffic congestion”, aims to G LEVEL CROSSING APPRAISAL
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contribute actively to the reduction of
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N AND TECHNOLOGY
level crossing accidents.
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These procedings contain the work E
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undertaken under the second SELCAT D
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workshop called “Technology”. The A
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workshop was held at Marrakesh A
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(Morrocco) on 16nd- 23rdNovember 2007. AI
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Actes n° 120 F Second Workshop
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Juin 2009 S
“Technology”
El-Miloudi El-Koursi (INRETS-ESTAS)
Prix : 15,24 € November 22nd-23rd 2007
Louahdi Khoudour (INRETS-LEOST)
Stefano Impastato, °°11 22 00 Marrakesh (Morrocco)
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Gabriele Malavasi, SS
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Stefano Ricci 1 RR
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(SAPIENZA-University of Rome) n II
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ISSN 0769-0266 e
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ISBN 978-2-85782-669-9 A
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Contact : [email protected]
El-Miloudi El-Koursi
Louahdi Khoudour
Stefano Impastato
Gabriele Malavasi
Stefano Ricci
Editors

Safer European
Level Crossing Appraisal
and Technology

Second Workshop

“Technology”
nd rd
22 - 23 November 2007

Marrakesh (Morrocco)

Actes INRETS N° 120
Juin 2009
Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology

The scientific coordination

El-Miloudi El-Koursi, Senior Researches – INRETS / ESTAS
Louahdi Khoudour, Researches – INRETS / LEOST
Stefano Impastato, Temporary Professor – SAPIENZA - University of Rome
Gabriele Malavasi, Full Professor – SAPIENZA - University of Rome
Stefano Ricci, Associate Professor – SAPIENZA - University of Rome

The research departments

ESTAS: Evaluation and Safety of Automated Transport Systems
LEOST: Electronic, Waves and Signal Processing Research Laboratory for
Transport
BP 317 - 20, rue Élisée Reclus - 59666 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex - FRANCE
Phone: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
SAPIENZA:
Dipartimento Idraulica, Transporti e Strade, Universita di Roma, Via Eudossiana
18, 00184 Roma - ITALIA

The list of authors

E. Schnieder, R. Slovák, W. Olpinski, S. Fletcher, S. Impastato, A. Baldassarra,
H. Hantak, S. Capparella, L. Tordai, A. Pira, K. Sato, S. Hiraguri, C. Roberts,
R. Lewis, A. Cherkaoui, A. Berrado, M. Pelz, W. Schäfer, M. Poutanen,
S. Wegele, L. Khoudour, S. Ambellouis, A. Flancquart, M. Pelz, C. Eickmann,
M. Meyer zu Hörste, C. Machy, X. Desurmont, J.F. Delaigle, R. Öörni, S.
Collart Dutilleul, M. Heddebaut, H. Manz, N. Klassen, M. Ghazel, EM El-Koursi,
P. Feltz, J.Y. Dareaud, A.Janota, J. Zahradnik, K. Rastocny, X. Kang, L. Wang,
X. Dai, J. Liu, C. Porta.

Institut national de recherche sur les transports et leur sécurité – INRETS
Direction scientifique / politique éditoriale
25, avenue François Mitterrand, Case 24, F-69675 Bron cedex, France
Tél. : [phone] – Fax : [phone] – www.inrets.fr

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Actes INRETS n° 120 2
Fiche bibliographique
UR (1er auteur) Projet n° Actes INRETS
ESTAS N° 120
Titre
Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology
Sous-titre Langue
Second Workshop “Technology” 22 – 23 Novembre 2007 Anglais
Marrakech (Maroc)
Auteur(s) Rattachement ext.
El-Miloudi EL-KOURSI, Louahdi KHOUDOUR
Nom adresse financeur, co-éditeur N° contrat, conv.

Date de publication
Juin 2009
Remarques
Résumé
Ce deuxième workshop SELCAT “Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and
Technology” organisé à Marrakech a réuni plus de 70 participants. Le but de ce
workshop était de dresser l’état de l’art de la technologie utilisée pour la sécurité
des passages à niveau. Des réalisations techniques à travers l’Europe, l’Asie et
Afrique ont été présentés.
Mots clés
Sécurité, ferroviaire, passages à niveau, technologie
Nb de pages Prix Bibliographie
212 15,24 euros oui

Actes INRETS n° 120 3
Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology

Publication data form
UR (1st author) Projet n° INRETS proceedings
ESTAS
N° 120
Title
Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology
Subtitle Language
Second Workshop “Technology” 22nd - 23rd English
November 2007 Marrakesh (Morrocco)
Author(s) Affiliation
El-Miloudi EL-KOURSI, Louahdi KHOUDOUR
Sponsor, co-editor, name and address Contract, conv. N°

Publication date
June 2009
Notes

Summary
This book gathers the contributations from SELCAT “Safer European Level
Crossing Appraisal and Technology“ partners dedicated to level crossings
technology. It represents the main papers presented during the second
SELCAT workshop organised on 22nd - 23rd November 2007.

Key Words
Safety, level crossing, railway appraisal
Nb of pages Price Bibliography
212 15,24 euros yes

Actes INRETS n° 120 4
Table of content
Acknowledgments...............................................................................11

Preface..................................................................................................13

Introduction and SELCAT expectations and LC Appraisal..............15

ERA view on SELCAT and recent LC activities................................17
1. Introduction................................................................................................17
2. Project context...........................................................................................17
3. Applied Methodology.................................................................................17
4. Obtained Results........................................................................................18
5. Application potential, Future work..............................................................18
SELCAT Objectives and Expectations...............................................19
1. Motivation...................................................................................................19
2. Scientific and technical objectives of the SELCAT coordination action.....20
3. Specific objectives of SELCAT..................................................................21
4. Consortium.................................................................................................22
5. Work plan of SELCAT................................................................................23
6. Expectations...............................................................................................24
7. Conclusion.................................................................................................25
8. References.................................................................................................26
Safety performance monitoring in European and national LC
research................................................................................................27
1. Introduction................................................................................................27
2. Project context...........................................................................................27
3. Applied Methodology.................................................................................27
4. Obtained Results........................................................................................28
5. Application potential, Future work..............................................................28
European and world wide LC operational risk overview .................29
1. Introduction................................................................................................29
2. Project context...........................................................................................29
3. Applied Methodology.................................................................................29
4. Obtained Results........................................................................................29
5. Application potential, Future work..............................................................29
Overview on legislative Background of Level Crossings................31
1. Introduction................................................................................................31
2. Existing legislation on the international level.............................................32
3. Legislative Comparison on the national level............................................33
4. Comparison of the guidelines for installing LC warning systems..............33
5. Relevant speeds, times and rates for LC’s defined by the law:.................34
6. Responsibilities for level crossing accidents..............................................36
7. Conclusions................................................................................................39
8. References.................................................................................................39

Actes INRETS n° 120 5
Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology

A Level Crossing Strategy for Europe. A Proposal..................................41
1. Introduction................................................................................................41
2. The Idea.....................................................................................................41
3. Role............................................................................................................42
4. Core Elements of the proposed strategy...................................................42
5. Benefits......................................................................................................43

LC Technology....................................................................................45
LC technology in European and national LC research....................47
1. Introduction................................................................................................47
2. Collecting information................................................................................48
3. Results of surveys......................................................................................49
4. Conclusions...............................................................................................58
Level crossing technologies in Japan..............................................59
1. Introduction................................................................................................59
2. Project context...........................................................................................59
3. Applied Methodology.................................................................................59
4. Obtained Results.......................................................................................60
5. Application potential, Future work..............................................................60
Level Crossing Technologies and Development.............................61
1. Introduction................................................................................................61
2. Project context...........................................................................................61
3. Applied Methodology.................................................................................61
4. Obtained Results.......................................................................................62
5. Application potential, Future work..............................................................62
Promoting Human Awareness in New Technological Solutions
for Improving Level Crossings Safety...............................................63
1. Introduction................................................................................................63
2. Situation Awareness at level crossings.....................................................65
3. Important design aspects of new technologies that promote SA..............67
4. Design aspects that may hinder situation awareness...............................70
5. Gaps between information exchanged between different LX actors
and Situation Awareness and recommendations to bridge the gap..............71
6. Important human factors oriented design principles..................................76
7. Human factors affecting compliance of road users to warning signs
around level crossings...................................................................................77
8. Conclusion.................................................................................................79
9. References:................................................................................................80
Data communications and transmission of information in level
crossing applications.........................................................................81
1. Introduction................................................................................................81
2. Project context...........................................................................................81
3. Applied Methodology.................................................................................81
4. Obtained Results.......................................................................................82
5. Application potential, Future work..............................................................82

Actes INRETS n° 120 6
Table of content

LC Methodology...................................................................................83
Level Crossing Accidents Statistics Normalisation
and Comparison...................................................................................85
1. Introduction................................................................................................85
2. International comparison of safety performance........................................85
3. Level crossing risk data analysis...............................................................90
4. Conclusions..............................................................................................101
5. References...............................................................................................102
Level Crossing Test Methodology...................................................103
1. Introduction..............................................................................................103
2. Project context.........................................................................................103
3. Applied Methodology...............................................................................103
4. Obtained Results......................................................................................103
5. Application potential, Future work............................................................103

LC research technology....................................................................105
Obstacle detection in front of automatic trains in guided
transport.............................................................................................105
1. Introduction..............................................................................................107
2. Objectives of the project..........................................................................108
3. Obstacle detection...................................................................................109
4. Conclusion...............................................................................................118
5. Bibliography.............................................................................................118
Use of integrated laser scanner detection system in LC safety....121
1. Introduction..............................................................................................121
2. Use of ERTMS in LC safety.....................................................................122
3. Obstacle detection with 3D scanning laser system.................................126
4. Obtained results.......................................................................................131
5. Reference.................................................................................................132
Generic Operational Requirements for Videobased Applications
at Level Crossings.............................................................................133
1. Introduction..............................................................................................133
2. Today’s Systems......................................................................................135
3. Level Crossing Design.............................................................................137
4. Conclusion...............................................................................................145
5. References...............................................................................................146
Introduction of CCTV at Level Crossings With automatic
detection of potentially Dangerous situations................................147
1. Introduction..............................................................................................147
2. Introduction of CCTV at level crossing.....................................................148
3. Automatic detection of stopped vehicles on the Level Crossing.............150
4. Results.....................................................................................................153
5. Conclusion...............................................................................................159
6. References...............................................................................................159

Actes INRETS n° 120 7
Safer European Level Crossing Appraisal and Technology

Use of fixed and wireless communication technologies in level
crossing applications.......................................................................161
1. Introduction..............................................................................................161
2. Project context.........................................................................................161
3. Applied Methodology...............................................................................162
4. Obtained Results.....................................................................................162
5. Application potential, Future work............................................................162

LC existing projects..........................................................................163
Public campaigns to support technological devices at level
crossings...........................................................................................165
1. Introduction..............................................................................................165
2. Technical Regulations.............................................................................165
3. Inspections at level crossings..................................................................167
4. Technical Programs.................................................................................168
5. Educational Safety Campaigns................................................................169
6. Conclusion...............................................................................................171
7. Bibliography.............................................................................................172
An “economic” new system for the automatic protection
of level crossings..............................................................................173
Abstract........................................................................................................173
1. Introduction and context..........................................................................173
2. Functional Requirements.........................................................................174
3. Global Architecture..................................................................................176
4. Conclusion...............................................................................................179
5. Acknowledgement....................................................................................179
Assurance of Road Traffic Safety at Level Crossings of ZSR
Under Failure of LC System.............................................................181
1. Specificities of ensuring traffic safety at LCs of the ZSR.........................181
2. Results of statistic evaluation of accident events at LCs of ZSR............183
3. Checking states of automatic LC systems at the ZSR through railway
signals..........................................................................................................186
4. Conclusion...............................................................................................188
5. Bibliographie............................................................................................190
Level crossing projects in Japan.....................................................191
1. Introduction..............................................................................................191
2. Project context.........................................................................................191
3. Applied Methodology...............................................................................191
4. Obtained Results.....................................................................................192
5. Application potential, Future work............................................................192
Research on Scheme of Integrative Monitoring System for Level
Crossing in China..............................................................................193
1. Introduction..............................................................................................193
2. Safety situation and its impact factors at LCs in China...........................194
3. Analysis on requirements of Integrative Monitoring System for LC
in China........................................................................................................197
4. The composition and function analysis....................................................201
5. Establishment of LC Information Management System..........................204

Actes INRETS n° 120 8