Safeguarding children living with trauma and family violence : evidence-based assessment, analysis, and planning interventions PDF
Preview Safeguarding children living with trauma and family violence : evidence-based assessment, analysis, and planning interventions
Safeguarding Children Living with Trauma and Family Violence Best Practice in Working with Children Series Edited by Brigid Daniel, Professor of Social Work, Department of Applied Social Science, University of Stirling The titles in the Best Practice in Working with Children series are written for the multi-agency professionals working to promote children’s welfare and protect them from harm. Each book in the series draws on current research into what works best for children, providing practical, realistic suggestions as to how practitioners in social work, health and education can work together to promote the resilience and safety of the children in their care. Brigid Daniel is Professor of Social Work in the Department of Applied Social Science at the University of Stirling. She is co-author of several textbooks and practice resources on child care and protection. She was a member of the multi-disciplinary team that carried out a national ministerial review of child protection practice in Scotland. also in the series Safeguarding Children and Schools Edited by Mary Baginsky Foreword by Brigid Daniel ISBN: 978 1 84310 514 5 Child Neglect Practice Issues for Health and Social Care Edited by Julie Taylor and Brigid Daniel Foreword by Olive Stevenson ISBN: 978 1 84310 160 4 Safeguarding Children in Primary Health Care Edited by Julie Taylor and Markus Themessl-Huber Foreword by Brigid Daniel ISBN: 978 1 84310 652 4 Safeguarding Children Living with Trauma and Family Violence Evidence-Based Assessment, Analysis and Planning Interventions Arnon Bentovim, Antony Cox, Liza Bingley Miller and Stephen Pizzey Foreword by Brigid Daniel Jessica Kingsley Publishers London and Philadelphia Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the controller of HSMO and the Queen’s Printer in Scotland First published in 2009 by Jessica Kingsley Publishers 116 Pentonville Road London N1 9JB, UK and 400 Market Street, Suite 400 Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA www.jkp.com Copyright © Arnon Bentovim, Antony Cox, Liza Bingley Miller and Stephen Pizzey 2009 Foreword copyright © Brigid Daniel 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS . Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher. Warning: The doing of an unauthorised act in relation to a copyright work may result in both a civil claim for damages and criminal prosecution. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Safeguarding children living with trauma and family violence : evidence-based assessment, analysis and planning interventions / Arnon Bentovim ... [et al.] ; foreword by Brigid Daniel. p. cm. -- (Best practice in working with children) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-84310-938-9 (pb : alk. paper) 1. Children and violence. 2. Family violence--Psychological aspects. 3. Children--Services for. 4. Social work with children. I. Bentovim, Arnon. HQ784.V55S23 2009 362.76'20973--dc22 2008051578 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 84310 938 9 ISBN pdf eBook 978 1 84642 938 5 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Athenaeum Press, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear Contents Foreword 9 Brigid Daniel Introduction 11 1 Growing Up in a Climate of Trauma and Violence: 14 Frameworks for Understanding Family Violence Arnon Bentovim 2 Assessing Children’s Needs: A Model of Assessment, 75 Analysis, Planning Interventions and Identifying and Measuring Outcomes for the Child Antony Cox, Liza Bingley Miller and Stephen Pizzey 3 Collecting Information: Evidence-Based 106 Approaches to Assessment Antony Cox, Liza Bingley Miller and Stephen Pizzey 4 Gathering Information, Analysis and Planning 124 Interventions: A Case Example – The Ward Family Stephen Pizzey, Liza Bingley Miller and Antony Cox 5 Assessing Strengths and Risks with Children 148 and their Families: Operationalizing the Assessment Framework Where There are Safeguarding Concerns Arnon Bentovim, Liza Bingley Miller and Stephen Pizzey 6 Assessments Where There are Continuing 216 Safeguarding Concerns Arnon Bentovim 7 Therapeutic Intervention with Children Living 270 with Trauma and Family Violence Arnon Bentovim 8 Principles and Practice in a Safeguarding Context: 303 A Case Example – The Green Family Arnon Bentovim APPENDIX 325 BIBLIOGRAPHY 336 SUBJECT INDEX 346 AUTHOR INDEX 350 List of Tables 1.1 The impact of factors related to living in a climate of violence 32 and the likelihood of development of abusive behaviour 1.2 Relationship between the rate of recorded parental problems 59 and the level of social work intervention (Cleaver et al. 1999) 1.3 Risk and developmental factors for children with parents 62 with psychiatric problems, substance abuse and domestic violence (Cleaver et al. 1999) 3.1 Contents of the HOME Inventory subscales 114 5.1 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in each dimension 150 5.2 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the education dimension 153 5.3 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the emotional and behavioural dimension 155 5.4 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the identity dimension 159 5.5 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the family and social relationships dimension 161 5.6 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the social presentation dimension 164 5.7 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the self-care skills dimension 165 5.8 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the basic care dimension 167 5.9 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the ensuring safety dimension 169 5.10 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the emotional warmth dimension 173 5.11 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the stimulation dimension 174 5.12 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the guidance and boundaries dimension 177 5.13 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the stability dimension 179 5.14 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the family history and family functioning dimension 181 5.15 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the wider family dimension 186 5.16 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the housing dimension 187 5.17 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the employment dimension 188 5.18 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the income dimension 189 5.19 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the family’s social integration dimension 190 5.20 Indicators of strengths and difficulties in the community resources dimension 191 6.1 Step 1: Areas to be considered and prospects for rehabilitation 253 6.2 Step 2: Areas to be considered and prospects for rehabilitation 254 6.3 Step 3: Areas to be considered and prospects for rehbilitation 254 6.4 Step 4: Areas to be considered and prospects for rehabilitation 255 6.5 Step 5: Areas to be considered and prospects for rehabilitation 256 6.6 Step6: Areas to be considered and prospects for rehabilitation 256 6.7 Step 7: Areas to be considered and prospects for rehabilitation 257 6.8 Step 8: Areas to be considered and prospects for rehabilitation 258 6.9 Step 9: Areas to be considered and prospects for rehabilitation 259 6.10 Steps 10, 11 and 12: Areas to be considered and prospects for rehabilitation 260 8.1 Profile of protection and harm: parenting capacity dimensions 307 8.2 Profile of protection and harm: family and environmental dimensions 312 List of Figures 1.1 Theoretical model for understanding processes involved 33 in developing sexually abusive behaviour 2.1 The Assessment Framework (Department of Health et al. 2000) 79 3.1 The Family Assessment model of family functioning 117 4.1 Ward family structure 125 6.1 Parental strengths and positive impacts on child development 228 6.2 Parental difficulties and harmful impacts on child development 229 Foreword This latest book in our series exemplifies our aim to offer support for ‘Best Practice in Working with Children’. Based on contemporary research evidence and rooted in a consistent theoretical framework the book offers systematic and detailed guidance on how to help traumatized children. As a result of significant policy development, and associated training, pro- fessionals who encounter children now have greater awareness of the symptoms and indications of abuse and neglect. Teachers, doctors, nurses, psy- chologists, adult mental health workers, substance misuse workers and others are now much more sensitive to signs of unmet childhood developmental needs. They are also much clearer about the need for a timely response to prevent significant harm to ongoing development and the key role they can play in ensuring that the professional network is mobilized. However, increased awareness is of no benefit unless it leads to children getting the help that is needed. All too often our systems stall or run into the sand once the initial process of identification of abuse or neglect is completed. Once the priority of immedi- ate safety is addressed children and their parents can often feel as if they are left adrift with little support. But it is at this point that the right kind of professional support can make the crucial difference for the trajectory of a child’s ongoing development. Certainly, many abused and neglected children can be supported effectively by non-abusing parents, carers, wider family and friends. But, equally, there are many children whose lives in the short, and longer, term will be transformed by sensitive and appropriate therapeutic support, tailored to their needs. The book addresses trauma and its impact upon children. Trauma is often associated with individual events or disasters and their aftermath and the book provides a detailed and sophisticated analysis of trauma and helps to explain the impact of traumatic incidents of physical or sexual abuse. But the book takes the subject much further by exploring the impact of more chronic 9 10 / SAFEGUARDING CHILDREN LIVING WITH TRAUMA AND FAMILY VIOLENCE circumstances. This detailed attention to the ‘climate’ of care is timely and essential. There is now an accumulation of evidence about the devastating impact of growing up under enduringly stressful conditions. Recent policy developments have also stressed the importance of compre- hensive assessment and planning. Practitioners often struggle with making sense of all the information that can be collated from a range of sources. And, again, there is no point to assessment activity if it does not lead to a purposeful plan for intervention. Using detailed worked examples, this book takes the Department of Health triangle as the starting point and augments it with dynamic new concepts to assist with assessment and analysis. Crucially, there is detail about how to consider the interaction of factors across different domains and how to analyse the implications for intervention. For decades our systems have been preoccupied with investigation; this book takes us beyond investigation and re-asserts the importance of offering children considered and effective therapeutic support. Brigid Daniel, University of Stirling
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