Safe at Home with Assistive Technology PDF
Preview Safe at Home with Assistive Technology
Ingrid Kollak Editor Safe at Home with Assistive Technology Safe at Home with Assistive Technology Ingrid Kollak Editor Safe at Home with Assistive Technology 123 Editor Ingrid Kollak AliceSalomonUniversity of Applied ScienceBerlin Berlin Germany ISBN978-3-319-42889-5 ISBN978-3-319-42890-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42890-1 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016955303 ©TheAuthor(s)2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Acknowledgements As initiator, coordinator, reviewer and (co)author, I cooperated with all people workingdirectlyorsupportiveofthebook.WithallofthemItalkedinmeetingsor viamailsandenjoyedthisprivilege.Iwanttothanktheauthorsforthediverseand well-accomplished chapters reflecting their enormous work and experience. I am gratefultoStevenKranzforhissupportrevisingthecitationsandbiographicaldata and improving the graphs as well as for generating the list of literature and uploadingalltexts.SpecialthanksgotoFionaRintoul(http://weepress.co.uk)who did some of the translations and many reviews, helping to make this an enjoyable book to read. End of August 2016 Ingrid Kollak v Contents 1 Prerequisites: Assistive Technologies Between User Centered Assistance and ‘Technicalization’... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1 Ingrid Kollak 2 Living Safely and Actively in and Around the Home: Four Applied Examples from Avatars and Ambient Cubes to Active Walkers. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 5 Martin Biallas, Edith Birrer, Daniel Bolliger, Andreas Rumsch, Rolf Kistler and Alexander Klapproth 3 Using Gaze Control for Communication and Environment Control: How to Find a Good Position and Start Working... .... 31 Maxine Saborowski, Claudia Nuß, Anna Lena Grans and Ingrid Kollak 4 Caring TV—for Older People with Multimorbidity Living Alone: Positive Feedback from Users in Berlin and Rural Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 43 Stefan Schmidt and Anke S. Kampmeier 5 Arm Rehabilitation at Home for People with Stroke: Staying Safe: Encouraging Results from the Co-designed LifeCIT Programme .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 59 Ann-Marie Hughes, Claire Meagher and Jane Burridge 6 Telemonitoring in Home Care: Creating the Potential for a Safer Life at Home. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 81 Natalie Jankowski, Laura Schönijahn and Michael Wahl 7 Empowering the Elderly and Promoting Active Ageing Through the Internet: The Benefit of e-inclusion Programmes .... 95 María Sánchez-Valle, Mónica Vinarás Abad and Carmen Llorente-Barroso vii viii Contents 8 Use and Development of New Technologies in Public Welfare Services: A User-Centred Approach Using Step by Step Communication for Problem Solving.... .... .... .... ..... .... 109 JosefM.Huber,HelenSchneider,VerenaPfisterandBarbaraSteiner 9 Parents’ Experiences of Caring for a Ventilator-Dependent Child: A Review of the Literature.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 137 Minna Lahtinen and Katja Joronen 10 Evaluation and Outcomes of Assistive Technologies in an Outpatient Setting: A Technical-Nursing Science Approach .. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 153 Ulrike Lindwedel-Reime, Alexander Bejan, Beatrix Kirchhofer and Peter Koenig 11 Assistive Technology for People with Dementia: Ethical Considerations .. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 173 Hesook Suzie Kim CVs of Authors.... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 193 Literature .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 217 Chapter 1 Prerequisites: Assistive Technologies Between User Centered Assistance ‘ ’ and Technicalization Ingrid Kollak Interestinhealthhasgrownenormouslyinrecentyears.Thisdevelopmentisdueto achangeinperspective.Forwhiletheemphasisinthepreviouscenturywasabove all on medical protection in the case of an illness or accident, today it is on maintaininghealthintooldage.Thecausesofthischangedunderstandingofhealth lie in demographic and epidemiological changes; people are living longer and becoming ill in a different way, which is to say that what were acute illnesses are today chronic conditions. Promotion of health, which today takes centre, covers the public as well as the personal health care sectors. Trading under the label of promoting health are offerings that range from publicly financed prevention, rehabilitation and care measures, through corporate health management schemes to privately financed beauty, fitness and wellness treatments. Terms such as empowerment, customer focus and participation highlight this alteredunderstandingofhealthandhealthcare.Theyaresupposedtospelltheend oftheold,patriarchalwayofdirectingandallocatingmedicalandcareprovision,in which patients endured their prescribed treatment patiently and uncritically. Nonetheless, this normative description of active, responsible, self-directed par- ticipants in a health market makes it clear that contemplation is not rated very highly, there is no obligation to treat customers equally, an assumption has been made that this newlywon powerwill be successfullyusedand noone will decline to participate (Bröckling et al. 2004). This altered understanding of health has created a continuously growing healthcare market. In 2011, 12 % of all gainfully employed people worked in the health care sector—12 times as many as in the chemicals industry. The outpatient I.Kollak(&) AliceSalomonUniversityofAppliedSciencesBerlin(D),Berlin,Germany e-mail:[email protected] ©TheAuthor(s)2017 1 I.Kollak(ed.),SafeatHomewithAssistiveTechnology, DOI10.1007/978-3-319-42890-1_1 2 I.Kollak sector, where nearly 44 % of healthcare staff work, predominates (Federal StatisticalOfficeWiesbaden2016).Healthexpenditureeasilydoubledintheperiod 1992–2014. According to The Information System of the Federal Health Monitoring (2016), a total of Euro 159 billion was spent on health in Germany in 1992 and a total of Euro 328 billion in 2014. That equated to 9.4 % of gross domesticproduct(GDP)in1992and11.2 %in2014.ExpenditureperheadofEuro 1,972 in 1992 had risen to Euro 4,050 by 2014. A characteristic of an expanding, profit-oriented healthcare market is that it viewseverydayandage-relatedproblemsandmentalhealthproblemsasobjectsof medical diagnosis and therapy in order to treat everyone and everything with medicine, operations and cures. These two tendencies to economise and medicalise the health care markets also influencethedevelopmentofassistivetechnologyproducts.However,thepotential for economic gain is widely divergent. As part of the Lower Saxony Research Network Design of Environments for Ageing (GAL), Erdmann and Schweigert (2012) asked about 2,000 people in Lower Saxony about their willingness to pay forAALproducts.TheirresearchresultsalowwillingnesstopayoflessthanEuro 20 a month. Fachinger et al. (2012) took a different perspective on the market for AAL products under the auspices of the same research network (GAL). They calculated a sales potential for AAL products correlated to the age of the main funderofahouseholdthathadadefinedpriceandcomfortlevelaswellasoffering productsfromtechnicalassistancesystems.Theseassistancesystemscamefromthe areas of: housekeeping and provisions, security and privacy, communication and socialcircle,aswellashealthandcare.TheyassumeaplausiblespectrumofEuro 10.1 billion if the main funder is 75 years old or older to 87.2 billion if the main funder is 50 or older. While Erdmann and Schweigert (2012) established a statis- ticallysignificantconnectionbetween ahousehold’snetincomeandwillingnessto pay, Fachinger et al. (2012) assumed a connection between technical affinity and age (experience with technology throughout the whole of life and access to tech- nology with increasing age). Inviewoftheeconomisationandmedicalisationsituation,thequestionarisesas to which direction further development in the assistive technology industry will now take. AlongsidethefloodofallkindsoftechnicalaidscataloguedontheInternetand offered in newspaper supplements, there is a category of assistive technology products, which, because of high development costs and a sometimes limited user group,islookingatthisdevelopmentprocessverycarefully.Fornoteveryproduct is for the mass market in the way that mobile phones or the Internet are. In this sector, it can be seen that development is oriented ever more strongly towardstheuser.Usabilityengineering(Nielsen1994)markedthestartofplanning, developmentandmanufacturingoftechnicalproductsgearedtowardsanimaginary user—which actual users first clapped eyes on when they were on the market. In thisway,the‘ux’oruserexperience(Kuniavsky2003)wasn’ttakenaccountoflate and couldn’t influence the product until it was redesigned. Greater orientation towardsactualusersensuedinabidtoshortenthecostlyandtime-consumingpath 1 Prerequisites:AssistiveTechnologies… 3 toanacceptedproduct:user-orienteddesign(Laietal.2006).Usersweresupposed to test prototype versions in practical situations before a product was finalised. A more systematic user orientation happens when users are involved in the whole planning, development and design process: user-centred design (Garrett 2010). In this approach, a product is tracked from engineering, design and application in practicethroughtomaintenancetogetherwithusers.Thiswayofworking requires two things: collaboration between users and their social circle interdisciplinary teamwork. It is known from existing research and development work that many assistivesystems need tobeacceptednotjust bytheirusers butalso bythepeople aroundthem.Forinformalorprofessionalhelpisoftenneededtouseandmaintain the systems. A good example is gaze control. Equally, it has been shown that multidisciplinary teams are needed to plan and complete an assistive technology product. Thisbooksupportsascomprehensiveaspossibleaninvolvementbyusersinall phasesofproductdevelopment.Itgathers together chapters fromteamsthatreflect all steps from needs assessment to planning, through development and design, as well as daily use and maintenance, to evaluation. These teams bring together variousperspectivesfromthefieldsofarchitecture,design,(electrical)engineering, ergonomics, gerontology, health science, informatics, management, nursing, physiotherapy, rehabilitation and social science. Our book is aimed at people who use assistive technology products and their socialcircle. It isalso writtenfor healthprofessionals who introduceand prescribe assistivetechnology.Thebookalsoaddressesdesignersandengineerswhodevelop assistive technology and the distributors who sell these products. We want to give them all an understanding of the range of successful applications, as well as con- veying a structured procedure whereby clients and products can be successfully matched. The book brings together many strands of research and details how elderly, handicapped and people with short-term illnesses can manage their daily life at homewiththehelpofassistivetechnology.Itaddressescommonproblems,options and limitations, as well as common requirements of the above-mentioned group— including their informal and professional carers. The chapters focus on safety at home through technological solutions, information and telemedicine as well as communication and entertainment. The authors discuss solutions from an ethical, technical and social perspective. Readers from various disciplines with questions about the different phases of product development can find useful information in this book. The chapters range from presentations of successful and outstanding products through evaluation of different product groups to scientific reflection. All the chapters are focused on users and provide practical tips. They use photographs to illustrate how users and technology can work successfully together to ensure safety. The texts present graphs and tables from recent studies that provide facts and evidence about prob- lems, requirements and solutions. The book’s reference section provides the authors’ CVs, lists all references used in the chapters and a comprehensive list of literature and websites for further reading.
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