Sacred Violence: African Christians and Sectarian Hatred in the Age of Augustine PDF
Preview Sacred Violence: African Christians and Sectarian Hatred in the Age of Augustine
SACRED VIOLENCE One route to understanding the nature of specifically religious vio- lence is the study of past conflicts. Distinguished ancient historian Brent D. Shaw provides a new analysis of the intense sectarian bat- tlesbetweentheCatholicandDonatistchurchesofNorthAfricain Late Antiquity, in which Augustine played a central role as Bishop of Hippo. The development and deployment of images of hatred, includingthoseoftheheretic,thepagan,andtheJew,andthemodes by which these were most effectively employed, including the oral world of the sermon, were critical to promoting acts of violence. ShawexploreshowtheemergingecclesiasticalstructuresoftheChris- tian Church, on one side, and those of the Roman imperial state, on the other, interacted to repress or excite violent action. Finally, the meaning and construction of the acts themselves, including the Westernideaofsuicide,areshowntoemergefromtheconflictitself. brent d. shawistheAndrewFlemingWestProfessorofClassicsat PrincetonUniversity.Hehaspublishedwidelyontheregionalhistory oftheRomanempire,withparticularemphasisontheNorthAfrican provinces and the problem of violence in its historical contexts, in majorjournalsincludingtheJournalofRomanStudies,Past&Present, and the American Historical Review. He has also co-authored a new worldhistorytextentitledWorldsTogether,WorldsApart(). SACRED VIOLENCE African Christians and Sectarian Hatred in the Age of Augustine BRENT D. SHAW cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecbru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/ (cid:2)c BrentD.Shaw Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Shaw,BrentD. Sacredviolence:AfricanChristiansandsectarianhatredintheageof Augustine/BrentD.Shaw. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn----(hardback) .Christianity–Africa–History. .Africa,North–Churchhistory. .Violence–Religiousaspects–Christianity. .Churchhistory–Primitiveand earlychurch,ca.–. .Donatists. .Augustine,Saint,BishopofHippo. I.Title. br.s ′.–dc isbn----Hardback isbn----Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofurlsforexternalorthird-partyInternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Shauna devotissimoanimo Vengeanceismine–Ishallrepay(Romans:) Contents Listofabbreviations pageix Listofmaps xi Acknowledgments xii Introduction Thisterriblecustom Churchofthetraitors Apoisonousbroodofvipers Archivesofmemory Thecityofdenial Ravensfeedingondeath Littlefoxes,evilwomen Guardiansofthepeople Inthehouseofdiscipline Singanewsong Kingsofthisworld Wechoosetostand Athletesofdeath Badboys Menofblood vii viii Contents Divinewinds Sowhat? AppendixA:BishopsandbishopricsinAfrica:thenumbers AppendixB:Originsofthedivision:chronology AppendixC:TheCatholicconferenceof348 AppendixD:TheEdictofUnityandthePersecutionof347 AppendixE:ThemissionofPaulandMacarius AppendixF:Historicalfictions:interpretingthecircumcellions AppendixG:Thearchaeologyofsuicide AppendixH:Africansermons Bibliography Index Abbreviations Allperiodical,serial,andcollectionabbreviations,otherthanthosenoted below,aretakenfromthestandardlistinL’Ann´eephilologique. AASS ActaSanctorum,Antwerp,Socie´te´desBollandistes,– AfrRom L’Africaromana,AttidelConvegnidiStudio,Sassari,– AtlArch S. Gsell, Atlas arch´eologique de l’Alg´erie, Paris, Gouverne- ment ge´ne´rale de l’Alge´rie, (reprint: Osnabru¨ck, O. Zeller,) AugLex Augustinus-Lexikon,ed.C.Mayer,Basel,Schwabe,– BA Biblioth`equeAugustinienne:OeuvresdesaintAugustin,Paris, Descle´edeBrouwer,– CCL Corpus christianorum, series Latina,Turnhout, Brepols, – CIL CorpusInscriptionumLatinarum,Berlin,– CLE CarminaLatinaEpigraphica,vols.,Leipzig,–ed.F. Buecheler;E.Lommatzsch,Supplementum,Leipzig, CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, Vienna, Tempsky,– CTh T. Mommsen and P. M. Meyer eds., Theodosiani libri XVI cum Constitutionibus Sirmondianis et Leges Novellae ad Theodosianum pertinentes, vols., Berlin, Weidmann, DACL Dictionnaire d’arch´eologie chr´etienne et de liturgie, ed. F. CabrolandH.Leclercq,Paris,LetouzeyetAne´,– DHGE Dictionnaired’histoireetdeg´eographieeccl´esiastiques,ed.A. Baudrillart,Paris,LetouzeyetAne´,– GCC GestaconlationisCarthaginiensisanno411,ed.S.Lancel(see textss.v.ChurchCouncils) GCS Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte,LeipzigandBerlin,Akademie-Verlag,– ix
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