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SACRED TIME, SACRED PLACE Sacred Time, Sacred Place Archaeology and the Religion of Israel edited by Barry M. Gittlen Winona Lake, Indiana El SEN BRAUNS 2002 © Copyright 2002 by Eisenbrauns. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Cataloging'in'Publication Data Sacred time, sacred place : archaeology and the religion of Israel / edited by Barry M. Gittlen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN i'575o6'054'X (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Bible. O.T.—Evidences, authority, etc. 2. Bible. O.T.— Antiquities. 3. Archaeology and religion. 4. Middle East— Religion. 5. Judaism—History—To 70 A.D. 6. Jews—History—To 70 A.D. 7. Middle East—Antiquities. I. Gittlen, Barry M. BS1180.S16 2001 22I.9'3—dc2i 2001033724 CIP The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI 739.48'! 984.0 Contents Archaeology and the Religion of Israel xi Barry M. Gittlen Part I Charting the Course: The Relationship between Text and Artifact Religion Up and Down, Out and In ............................................................... 3 Jonathan Z. Smith Theology, Philology, and Archaeology: In the Pursuit of Ancient Israelite Religion................................. 11 William G. Dever Philology and Archaeology: Imagining New Questions, Begetting New Ideas........................ 35 ZlONY ZEVIT Part II Prayers in Clay: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Figurines Israelite Figurines: A View from the Texts .................................................. 45 Karel van der Toorn On the Use of Images in Israel and the Ancient Near East: A Response to Karel van der Toom .............................................. 63 Jack M. Sasson Part III The Mythology of Sacred Space: Structure and Structuralism Preamble to a Temple Tour .................................................... ZlONY ZEVIT V VI Contents Solomon’s Temple: The Politics of Ritual Space......................................... 83 Elizabeth Bloch-Smith The Four-Homed Altar and Sacred Space: An Archaeological Perspective...................................................... 95 Seymour Gitin Ritual as Symbol: Modes of Sacrifice in Israelite Religion...................... 125 Baruch A. Levine Part IV Death in the Life of Israel Death in the Life of Israel ............................................................................ 139 Elizabeth Bloch-Smith Tombs and Offerings: Archaeological Data and Comparative Methodology in the Study of Death in Israel ... 145 Wayne T. Pitard How Far Can Texts Take Us? Evaluating Textual Sources for Reconstructing Ancient Israelite Beliefs about the Dead .... 169 Theodore J. Lewis Indexes Index of Authors ........................................................................................... 219 Index of Scripture ......................................................................................... 225 Abbreviations Qeneral EB Early Bronze Age GHD Genealogy of the Hammurapi Dynasty LB Late Bronze Age LXX Septuagint MB Middle Bronze Age MT Masoretic Text NJPSV New Jewish Publication Society Version NRSV New Revised Standard Version NT New Testament OB Old Babylonian OT Old Testament RS Field numbers of objects excavated at Ras Shamra RSV Revised Standard Version Reference Works AASOR Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research AB Anchor Bible ABD The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by D. N. Freedman. 6 vols. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1992 AfO Beiheft Archiv fur Orientforschung Beiheft ALASP Ahhandlungen zur Literatur Alt^Syrien-Palastinas ANEP Pritchard, J. B. (editor). The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament. 2d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969 ANET Pritchard, J. B. (editor). Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969 AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament ARMT Archives royales de Mari (texts in transliteration and translation) ASOR Dissertation Series American Schools of Oriental Research Dissertation Series ATD Das Alte Testament Deutsch BA Biblical Archaeologist BA Rev Biblical Archaeology Review BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BBB Bonner hiblische Beitrage BDB Brown, F., S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs. Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon, 1907 BeO Bibbia e oriente Vll viii Abbreviations Bib Biblica BMB Bulletin du Musee de Byrouth BN Biblische Notizen BO Bibliotheca Orientalis BRL Galling, K.. Biblisches Reallexikon. Tubingen, 1937; 2d ed., 1977 BWANT Beitrage zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament BZ Biblische Zeitschrift CAD Oppenheim, A. L., et al. (editors). The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1956- CahRB Cahiers de la Revue biblique CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CTM Concordia Theological Monthly Erlsr EretZ'Israel HALAT Koehler, L., and W. Baumgartner, et al. (editors). Hebraisches und aramaisches Lexikon zum Alten Testament. 4 Vols. Leiden: Brill, 1967-90 HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs HSS Harvard Semitic Studies HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual IE) Israel Exploration Journal JANES(CU) Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society (of Columbia University) JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JNSL Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series JTS Journal of Theological Studies KAI Donner, H., and W. Rollig. Kanaanaische und aramaische Inschriften. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1962-64 KTU Dietrich, M., O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartfn. Die Keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 24. Kevelaer: Butzon & Bercker / Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1976 MAR/ Mari: Annales de recherches interdisciplinaires MDOG Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft NABU Nouvelles assyriobgiques breves et utilitaires NEA Near Eastern Archaeobgy OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis OIP Oriental Institute Publications OrAnt Oriens antiquus OTL Old Testament Library OTS Oudtestamentische Studien PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly PTMS Pittsburgh Theological Monograph Series

Description:
Thirteen essays from an ASOR symposium on the relationship among archaeology, text and our understanding of ancient Israelite religion. Contributors include: J. Z. Smith, W. G. Dever, Z. Zevit, K. van der Toorn, J. M. Sasson, E. Bloch-Smith, S. Gitin, B. A. Levine, W. T. Pitard, T. J. Lewis, and B.
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SACRED TIME, SACRED PLACE Sacred Time, Sacred Place Archaeology and the Religion of Israel edited by Barry M. Gittlen Winona Lake, Indiana El SEN BRAUNS 2002 © Copyright 2002 by Eisenbrauns. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Cataloging'in'Publication Data Sacred time, sacred place : archaeology and the religion of Israel / edited by Barry M. Gittlen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN i'575o6'054'X (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Bible. O.T.—Evidences, authority, etc. 2. Bible. O.T.— Antiquities. 3. Archaeology and religion. 4. Middle East— Religion. 5. Judaism—History—To 70 A.D. 6. Jews—History—To 70 A.D. 7. Middle East—Antiquities. I. Gittlen, Barry M. BS1180.S16 2001 22I.9'3—dc2i 2001033724 CIP The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI 739.48'! 984.0 Contents Archaeology and the Religion of Israel xi Barry M. Gittlen Part I Charting the Course: The Relationship between Text and Artifact Religion Up and Down, Out and In ............................................................... 3 Jonathan Z. Smith Theology, Philology, and Archaeology: In the Pursuit of Ancient Israelite Religion................................. 11 William G. Dever Philology and Archaeology: Imagining New Questions, Begetting New Ideas........................ 35 ZlONY ZEVIT Part II Prayers in Clay: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Figurines Israelite Figurines: A View from the Texts .................................................. 45 Karel van der Toorn On the Use of Images in Israel and the Ancient Near East: A Response to Karel van der Toom .............................................. 63 Jack M. Sasson Part III The Mythology of Sacred Space: Structure and Structuralism Preamble to a Temple Tour .................................................... ZlONY ZEVIT V VI Contents Solomon’s Temple: The Politics of Ritual Space......................................... 83 Elizabeth Bloch-Smith The Four-Homed Altar and Sacred Space: An Archaeological Perspective...................................................... 95 Seymour Gitin Ritual as Symbol: Modes of Sacrifice in Israelite Religion...................... 125 Baruch A. Levine Part IV Death in the Life of Israel Death in the Life of Israel ............................................................................ 139 Elizabeth Bloch-Smith Tombs and Offerings: Archaeological Data and Comparative Methodology in the Study of Death in Israel ... 145 Wayne T. Pitard How Far Can Texts Take Us? Evaluating Textual Sources for Reconstructing Ancient Israelite Beliefs about the Dead .... 169 Theodore J. Lewis Indexes Index of Authors ........................................................................................... 219 Index of Scripture ......................................................................................... 225 Abbreviations Qeneral EB Early Bronze Age GHD Genealogy of the Hammurapi Dynasty LB Late Bronze Age LXX Septuagint MB Middle Bronze Age MT Masoretic Text NJPSV New Jewish Publication Society Version NRSV New Revised Standard Version NT New Testament OB Old Babylonian OT Old Testament RS Field numbers of objects excavated at Ras Shamra RSV Revised Standard Version Reference Works AASOR Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research AB Anchor Bible ABD The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by D. N. Freedman. 6 vols. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1992 AfO Beiheft Archiv fur Orientforschung Beiheft ALASP Ahhandlungen zur Literatur Alt^Syrien-Palastinas ANEP Pritchard, J. B. (editor). The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament. 2d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969 ANET Pritchard, J. B. (editor). Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969 AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament ARMT Archives royales de Mari (texts in transliteration and translation) ASOR Dissertation Series American Schools of Oriental Research Dissertation Series ATD Das Alte Testament Deutsch BA Biblical Archaeologist BA Rev Biblical Archaeology Review BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BBB Bonner hiblische Beitrage BDB Brown, F., S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs. Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon, 1907 BeO Bibbia e oriente Vll viii Abbreviations Bib Biblica BMB Bulletin du Musee de Byrouth BN Biblische Notizen BO Bibliotheca Orientalis BRL Galling, K.. Biblisches Reallexikon. Tubingen, 1937; 2d ed., 1977 BWANT Beitrage zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament BZ Biblische Zeitschrift CAD Oppenheim, A. L., et al. (editors). The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1956- CahRB Cahiers de la Revue biblique CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CTM Concordia Theological Monthly Erlsr EretZ'Israel HALAT Koehler, L., and W. Baumgartner, et al. (editors). Hebraisches und aramaisches Lexikon zum Alten Testament. 4 Vols. Leiden: Brill, 1967-90 HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs HSS Harvard Semitic Studies HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual IE) Israel Exploration Journal JANES(CU) Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society (of Columbia University) JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JNSL Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series JTS Journal of Theological Studies KAI Donner, H., and W. Rollig. Kanaanaische und aramaische Inschriften. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1962-64 KTU Dietrich, M., O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartfn. Die Keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 24. Kevelaer: Butzon & Bercker / Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1976 MAR/ Mari: Annales de recherches interdisciplinaires MDOG Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft NABU Nouvelles assyriobgiques breves et utilitaires NEA Near Eastern Archaeobgy OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis OIP Oriental Institute Publications OrAnt Oriens antiquus OTL Old Testament Library OTS Oudtestamentische Studien PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly PTMS Pittsburgh Theological Monograph Series

Description:
Thirteen essays from an ASOR symposium on the relationship among archaeology, text and our understanding of ancient Israelite religion. Contributors include: J. Z. Smith, W. G. Dever, Z. Zevit, K. van der Toorn, J. M. Sasson, E. Bloch-Smith, S. Gitin, B. A. Levine, W. T. Pitard, T. J. Lewis, and B.
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