Ryan’s Retina PDF
Preview Ryan’s Retina
Ryan's Retina SIXTH EDITION Editor-In-Chief ANDREW P. SCHACHAT MD Vice Chairman, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA Volume One Part 1 Retinal Imaging and Diagnostics Edited by SRINIVAS R. SADDA MD Part 2 Basic Science and Translation to Therapy Edited by DAVID R. HINTON MD Volume Two Medical Retina 2 Edited by ANDREW P. SCHACHAT MD AND SRINIVAS R. SADDA MD Volume Three Part 1 Surgical Retina Edited by C.P. WILKINSON MD AND PETER WIEDEMANN MD Part 2 Tumors of the Retina, Choroid, and Vitreous Edited by ANDREW P. SCHACHAT MD 3 Table of Contents Instructions for online access Cover image Title Page Copyright Video Table of Contents Contributors Video Contributors Dedication Preface Volume One Part 1 Retinal Imaging and Diagnostics 1 Fluorescein Angiography 4 Basic Principles Equipment (Box 1.1) Technique Developing a Photographic Plan Interpretation Abnormal Fluorescein Angiogram Acknowledgments References 2 Clinical Applications of Diagnostic Indocyanine Green Angiography Introduction History Chemical and Pharmacokinetics Toxicity Instrument Comparison Injection Technique Indocyanine Green Angiography Interpretation References 3 Optical Coherence Tomography Physical Principles of Optical Coherence Tomography Quantitative Analysis of OCT Datasets Normal Macular Anatomy SD-OCT in Retinal Disorders 5 OCT Angiography Future Directions Disclosures Acknowledgments References 4 Autofluorescence Imaging Basic Principles Techniques of Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging Interpretation of Fundus Autofluorescence Images Clinical Applications Functional Correlates of Fundus Autofluorescence Abnormalities References 5 Wide-Field Imaging Introduction Historical Perspective and Terms Historical Wide-Field Imaging Systems Modern Wide-Field Imaging Systems Overview of Imaging Capabilities and Optical Principles Clinical Utility of Wide-Field Imaging Limitations Future Directions Conclusion References 6 6 Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Background and Historical Prospective OCT in the Operating Room: Integrative Advances Surgeon Feedback Platform Enhancements Surgical Findings With Intraoperative OCT in Vitreoretinal Conditions Conclusion References 7 Advanced Imaging Technologies Introduction: Retinal Imaging to Date Smartphone Ophthalmoscopy – Replacing the Direct Ophthalmoscope? Adaptive Optics: Imaging of Single Cells in the Retina Doppler Imaging: Assessment of Blood Flow Spectral Imaging: Assessment of Retinal Oxygenation Photoacoustic Imaging: Assessment of Retinal Absorption Magnetic Resonance Imaging Molecular Imaging Conclusions and Future Directions Disclosure References 8 Image Processing Introduction History of Retinal Imaging 7 History of Retinal Image Processing Current Status of Retinal Imaging Fundus Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Areas of Active Research in Retinal Imaging Clinical Applications of Retinal Imaging Image Analysis Concepts for Clinicians Fundus Image Analysis Optical Coherence Tomography Image Analysis Multimodality Retinal Imaging Future of Retinal Imaging and Image Analysis References 9 Electrogenesis of the Electroretinogram Introduction Generation of Extracellular Potentials: General Concepts Approaches for Determining the Origins of the Electroretinogram Standard ERG Tests in the Clinic Origin of the a-Wave Origin of the b-Wave Origin of the d-Wave Origin of the Photopic Fast-Flicker ERG Origin of the Multifocal ERG ERG Waves From Proximal Retina 8 Closing Remarks References 10 Clinical Electrophysiology Standard Full-Field ERG Focal ERG Other Special Responses or Techniques in ERG Electro-Oculogram Visual Evoked Potential Simultaneous Recording of Focal Macular ERG and VEP References 11 Diagnostic Ophthalmic Ultrasound Introduction Ultrasound – Past and Present Examination Techniques Ultrasound in Intraocular Pathology Ultrasound Imaging Used to Differentiate Ocular Disease Future Developments Acknowledgments References 12 Color Vision and Night Vision Overview Rod and Cone Functions 9 Visual Pathways for Rod and Cone Functions Dark Adaptation Functions: Assessment of the Shift From Day Vision to Night Vision Color Vision Variations in Human Color Vision Clinical Evaluation of Color Vision New Developments in Color Vision Research Adaptive Optics (AO) Retinal Imaging System References 13 Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity Visual Acuity Tests Contrast Sensitivity Tests References 14 Visual Fields in Retinal Disease Introduction Principles of Perimetry Methods of Visual Field Testing Perimetry in Specific Retinal Diseases Future of Perimetry in Retinal Disease Conclusions References Part 2 Basic Science and Translation to Therapy 10
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