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Ruth Landes: A Life in Anthropology (Critical Studies in the History of Anthropology) PDF

336 Pages·2003·5.08 MB·English
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CriticalStudiesintheHistoryofAnthropology SeriesEditors:RegnaDarnell,StephenO.Murray Ruth Landes Sally Cole Ruth Landes A Life in Anthropology UniversityofNebraskaPress:Lincoln&London ©bytheBoardofRegentsof theUniversityofNebraska(cid:4) Allrightsreserved.Manufactured intheUnitedStatesofAmerica PermissiontoquotefromRuth Benedict’sandMargaretMead’s correspondencewithRuthLandes hasbeengrantedbytheInsti- tuteforInterculturalStudies,Inc., NewYork.Permissiontoquote fromMelvilleJ.Herskovits’scor- respondencewithRuthLandes andGuyJohnsonhasbeengranted byDr.JeanHerskovits.Permis- siontoquotefromRuthLandes’s personalcorrespondencehas beengrantedbyLambrosComitas, LiteraryExecutor. BookdesignbyRichardEckersley. TypesetinEnschedéTrinité LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Cole,SallyCooper,– RuthLandes:alifeinanthropology/SallyCole. p. cm.–(Criticalstudiesinthehistoryofanthropology) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ---(cloth:alkalinepaper) .Landes,Ruth,– .Anthropologists–United States–Biography. .Womenanthropologists. .Title. .Series. . '.–dc [[]]  ToMyParents JeanMurrayColeandAlfredCooperCole Contents ListofIllustrations viii SeriesEditors’Introduction ix Acknowledgments xv Introduction  PartOne:Beginnings  ImmigrantDaughter   NewWoman   StudentatColumbia  PartTwo:ApprenticeshipinNativeAmericanWorlds Prologue   MaggieWilsonandOjibwaWomen’s Stories   LustyShamansintheMidwest  PartThree:She-BullinBrazil’sChinaCloset Prologue   FieldworkinBrazil   WritingAfro-BrazilianCulturein NewYork   TheEarlyEthnographyofRaceand Gender  Conclusion:LifeandCareer  Notes  Bibliography  Index     followingpage . RuthLandes, . Ruth’sparents . JosephSchlossberg,Ruth,and‘‘Mattie’’ . AnnaGrossman,Ruth,and‘‘Mattie’’ . BrookwoodSchoolgraduation, . Ruth,summer . RuthBenedict . RuthatRedLake, . MaggieWilson . WillRogers . Inthegarden,MuseuNacionaldeRiodeJaneiro . Sabina’sfestadeIemanja,Bahia . AFestadaLavagemdoBonfim,Bahia . EdisonCarneiro . E.S.Imes . RuthinLondon, . RuthinLosAngeles, Series Editors’ Introduction I   ininterestingtimesisacurse,itwasonethatbeset RuthLandes(néeSchlossberg).Asanunconventionalpartici- pantobserverofAfro-BraziliancultureandaJewinanincreas- ingly Nazi-sympathizing Brazil during the s, she made the timesinthatplacestillmoreinteresting.Inmanywaysherstayin BrazilbeforeWorldWarIIresembledthatoftheIngridBergman characterduringthewarinAlfredHitchcock’sclassicfilmNotorious. Landeswasbrandedas‘‘notorious’’fornonmaritalsexualrelations (andfor‘‘betraying’’herclassandraceinassociatingwiththeblack ‘‘lower orders’’). There were spies and wild accusations of spying (theseledtoLandes’sexpulsionfromBrazil).Shehadasuaveand romantic champion (a darker Cary Grant type), and her enemies tendedtobeconnectedtolocalNazisandNazisympathizers. AftertheveryinterestingtimeinBrazilLandeshadalongafter- life as a marginal anthropologist, not securing a stable position until,threefulldecadesafterearningherPh.D.fromColum- biaUniversity,andthenatwhatsheconsideredaCanadianback- water(McMasterUniversityinHamilton,Ontario).AsSallyCole’s perceptive and massively researched biography shows, being a woman in a man’s world was less of a problem for Landes than underestimating the will to dominance of those whom she sup- posedwereonthesamesideasshe,otherinter–WorldWarstudents ofFranzBoas. NotjustLandes’sfieldresultsbutalsoherlivingamonghersub- jects and doing participant observation in Afro-Brazilian Bahia challengedthepatronizingBrazilianauthorityon‘‘Negroes,’’Artur Ramos, who never got his hands dirty visiting the slums. Ramos was allied with American anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits, who was claiming for himself paramount authority for identify- ingwhatwasAfricanintheculturesof‘‘thenewWorldNegro’’and

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Ruth Landes (1908–91) is now recognized as a pioneer in the study of race and gender relations. Ahead of her time in many respects, Landes worked with issues that defined the central debates in the discipline at the dawn of the twenty-first century. In Ruth Landes, Sally Cole reconsiders Landes’
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