Russo-Japanese Relations, 1905-17: From enemies to allies PDF
Preview Russo-Japanese Relations, 1905-17: From enemies to allies
ROUTLEDGE STUDIES IN THE MODERN HISTORY OF ASIA Russo-Japanese Relations, – 1905 1917 From enemies to allies Peter Berton – Russo-Japanese Relations, 1905 1917 One surprising outcome of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 was that, although Russia was humiliatingly defeated, by 1916 Russia and Japan had become allies. This book provides a detailed analysis of how this remarkable turnaround came about. It traces the evolution of relations between the two powers through the conclusion of three public and secret agreements in 1907, 1910, and 1912, and the controversial secret alliance of 1916. The book argues that careful examination of complete records of negotiations from both sides definitively proves the case for Germany, not the United States, as the target of thesecrettreaty.BasedonmeticulousexaminationofdocumentsinbothRussian andJapaneseforeignpolicyarchives,itchartsdiplomaticdevelopments,explores howJapaneseandRussianthinkingevolved,andassessesthewiderinternational impactofthenewalliance. Peter Berton is Distinguished Professor Emeritus, School of International Relations,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,USA.Hispublicationsinclude:The Japanese–RussianTerritorialDilemma:HistoricalBackground,Disputes,Issues, Questions, Solution Scenarios; International Negotiation: Actors, Structure/ Process, Values; The Russo-Japanese Boundary: 1850–1875; and The Russian ImpactonJapan:LiteratureandSocialThought. Studies of the Harriman Institute ColumbiaUniversity TheHarrimanInstitute,ColumbiaUniversity,sponsorstheStudiesoftheHarrimanInstitute inthebeliefthattheirpublicationcontributestoscholarlyresearchandpublicunderstanding. InthiswaytheInstitute,whilenotnecessarilyendorsingtheirconclusions,ispleasedtomake availabletheresultsofsomeoftheresearchconductedunderitsauspices. Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute ColumbiaUniversity TheStudiesoftheWeatherheadEastAsianInstituteofColumbiaUniversitywereinaugurated in 1962 to bring to a wider public the results of significant new research on modern and contemporary East Asia. RoutledgeStudiesintheModernHistoryofAsia 1. ThePoliceinOccupationJapan 11. HongKonginTransition Control,corruptionandresistanceto Onecountry,twosystems reform EditedbyRobertAsh,PeterFerdinand, ChristopherAldous BrianHookandRobinPorter 2. ChineseWorkers 12. Japan’sPostwarEconomicRecovery Anewhistory andAnglo-JapaneseRelations, JackieSheehan 1948–1962 NorikoYokoi 3. 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TheBritishEmpireandTibet 1900–1922 ExchangesandDetentionCamps, 1941–45 WendyPalace BruceElleman 26. NationalisminSoutheastAsia Ifthepeoplearewithus 39. RegionalisminSoutheastAsia NicholasTarling NicholasTarling 27. Women,WorkandtheJapanese 40. ChangingVisionsofEastAsia, EconomicMiracle 1943–93 Thecaseofthecottontextileindustry, Transformationsandcontinuities 1945–1975 R.B.Smith(EditedbyChadJ.Mitcham) HelenMacnaughtan 41. ChristianHereticsinLateImperial 28. AColonialEconomyinCrisis China Burma’sricecultivatorsandtheworld Christianinculturationandstatecontrol, depressionofthe1930s 1720–1850 IanBrown LarsP.Laamann 29. AVietnameseRoyalExileinJapan 42. Beijing–AConciseHistory PrinceCuongDe(1882–1951) StephenG.Haw TranMy-Van 43. TheImpactoftheRusso-JapaneseWar 30. CorruptionandGoodGovernancein EditedbyRotemKowner Asia 44. Business–GovernmentRelationsin NicholasTarling PrewarJapan 31. US–ChinaColdWarCollaboration, PetervonStaden 1971–1989 45. 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Russo-JapaneseRelations,1905–1917 Thephantomsamurai Fromenemiestoallies StewartLone PeterBerton Russo-Japanese Relations, – 1905 1917 From enemies to allies Peter Berton Thiseditionpublished2012 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,Oxon,OX144RN SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanada byRoutledge 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2012PeterBerton TherightoftheAuthortobeidentifiedasauthorofthisworkhasbeen assertedbyhiminaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedor utilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,now knownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orin anyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwriting fromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksor registeredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanation withoutintenttoinfringe. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Berton,Peter,1922- Russo-Japaneserelations,1905-1917:fromenemiestoallies/PeterBerton. p.cm.--(RoutledgestudiesinthemodernhistoryofAsia;72) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. 1.Russia--Foreignrelations--Japan.2.Japan--Foreignrelations--Russia. 3.Russia--Foreignrelations--1894-1917.4.Japan--Foreignrelations--1868-1912. 5.Japan--Foreignrelations--1912-1926.6.Russo-JapaneseWar, 1904-1905--Influence.I.Title. DK68.7.J3B482012 327.4705209’041--dc23 2011020664 ISBN:978-0-415-59899-6(hbk) ISBN:978-0-203-15759-6(ebk) TypesetinTimesNewRoman byIntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd,Pondicherry,India To my grandchildren, Michael, Danielle, and Marshall Contents Preface x Acknowledgments xii Explanatorynotes xiv Listofabbreviations xv Listofappendices xix 1 Russo-Japaneserelations,1905–1914 1 2 EffortstoconcludealliancesattheoutbreakofWorldWarI 8 3 Russo-JapaneserelationsduringtheearlypartofWorldWarI 22 4 ThetorturousroadtoJapan’sdecisiononanalliancewithRussia 37 5 ConclusionoftheRusso-JapaneseAllianceof1916 53 6 The1916treaties,China,andthepowers 70 7 Fromenemiestoallies:summaryandconclusions 83 Notes 92 Appendices 129 Bibliography 171 Index 199
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