Russia's economic transitions

446 Pages·2003·1.801 MB·English

by  Spulber N.

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Russia’sEconomicTransitions
FromLateTsarismtotheNewMillennium
Russia’s Economic Transitions examines the three major transforma-
tionsthatthecountryunderwentfromtheearly1860stotheyear2000.
Thefirsttransition,underTsarism,involvedthepartialbreakupofthe
feudal framework of land ownership and the move toward capitalist
relations. The second, following the Communist revolution of 1917,
broughttopowerasystemofstateownershipandadministration–a
suigeneristypeofwareconomystatecapitalism–subjectingtheecon-
omy’sdevelopmentfullytocentralcommands.Thethird,startedinthe
early1990sandstillunfolding,isaimingatreshapingtheinheritedeco-
nomic fabric on the basis of private ownership, within a not yet fully
determinedmarketframework.Thethreetransitionsoriginatedwithin
differentsettings,butwithasimilarprimarygoal,namelytochangethe
economy’sownershippatterninthehopesofprovidingabetterbasisfor
subsequentdevelopment.Thetreatment’soriginality,impartiality,and
historicalbreadthhavecogenteconomic,social,andpoliticalrelevance.
NicolasSpulberisDistinguishedProfessorofEconomics,Emeritus,at
IndianaUniversityinBloomington.Heistheauthorofmanybooks,in-
cludingRedefiningtheState:PrivatizationandWelfareReforminIndus-
trialandTransitionalEconomies(CambridgeUniversityPress,1997),
TheAmericanEconomy:TheStruggleforSupremacyinthe21stCen-
tury(CambridgeUniversityPress,1994),andRestructuringtheSoviet
Economy:InSearchoftheMarket(1991).Aleadingspecialistincom-
parativeeconomicsystems,ProfessorSpulber’steachingandresearch
have focused on the complex role of the state – that is, governments
andtheiradministrations–insuchvariedcasesasdevelopingandtran-
sitionaleconomies,centrallyplannedeconomies,andhighlydeveloped
marketeconomies.

Russia’s Economic Transitions
From Late Tsarism to the New Millennium
NICOLAS SPULBER
IndianaUniversity
  
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
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Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
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© Nicolas Spulber 2003
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published in print format 2003
- 
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- 
isbn-10 0-511-06955-3 eBook (EBL)
- 
isbn-13 978-0-521-81699-1 hardback
- 
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ForPauline,withlove

Contents
FiguresandTables pagexii
Preface xix
part i the tsarist economic transition
i.StateEconomyandSociety
1 TheSocioeconomicFramework 3
1-1 TerritoryandPopulation 3
1-2 RuralSociety 11
1-3 UrbanSociety 16
1-4 CommandandControlSystem 20
1-5 ConcludingComments 26
2 TheTransitionIssues 30
2-1 PrinciplesofAction 30
2-2 RussiaandtheWest’sEconomicPatterns 33
2-3 TheTransitionPath 36
2-4 Alternatives 44
2-5 ConcludingComments 48
3 TheEconomicPolicies 50
3-1 AgriculturalPolicy 50
3-2 IndustrialPolicy 55
3-3 CommercialPolicy 61
3-4 FinancialPolicy 67
3-5 ConcludingComments 70
ii.SectoralGrowthandChange
4 TheProblemsofAgriculture 73
4-1 Landholding 73
4-2 FarmingMethods 76
4-3 OutputsandYields 79
vii
viii Contents
4-4 ExportsandImports 81
4-5 ConcludingComments 83
5 TheIndustrialChanges 85
5-1 PatternsofGrowth 85
5-2 Workforce 91
5-3 OutputLevels 94
5-4 ExportsandImports 96
5-5 ConcludingComments 98
6 DomesticandForeignTrade 100
6-1 TheDomesticTradeNetwork 100
6-2 TradeInterconnections 102
6-3 ConcernsinForeignTrade 104
6-4 ForeignTradeNetwork 106
6-5 ConcludingComments 110
iii.SocialAccounting
7 MoneyandBanking 112
7-1 TheMonetarySystem 112
7-2 DevelopmentofBanking 114
7-3 ForeignCapital 119
7-4 CreditandPublicDebt 122
7-5 ConcludingComments 124
8 StateFinance 126
8-1 SizeandStructureoftheBudget 126
8-2 AnalysisoftheReceipts 129
8-3 AnalysisofOutlays 132
8-4 SubnationalAccounts 133
8-5 ConcludingComments 134
9 OverallView 138
9-1 TransitionandtheAgriculturalEconomy 138
9-2 TransitionandtheIndustrialEconomy 141
9-3 TransitionandtheTertiarySector 145
9-4 IncomeandWealth 147
9-5 ConcludingComments 149
part ii the soviet economic transition
i.StateEconomyandSociety
10 TheSocioeconomicFramework 155
10-1 TerritoryandPopulation 155
10-2 RuralSociety 162
10-3 UrbanSociety 166
10-4 CommandandControlSystem 169
10-5 ConcludingComments 172