Table Of Content

St Antony’s Series General Editors: Jan Zielonka(2004– ), Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford Othon Anastasakis, Research Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford and Director of South East European Studies at Oxford Recent titles include: _ Kerem Oktem, Celia Kerslake and Philip Robins TURKEY’S ENGAGEMENT WITH MODERNITY Conflict and Change in the Twentieth Century Paradorn Rangsimaporn RUSSIA AS AN ASPIRING GREAT POWER IN EAST ASIA Perceptions and Policies from Yeltsin to Putin Motti Golani THE END OF THE BRITISH MANDATE FOR PALESTINE, 1948 The Diary of Sir Henry Gurney Demetra Tzanaki WOMEN AND NATIONALISM IN THE MAKING OF MODERN GREECE The Founding of the Kingdom to the Greco-Turkish War Simone Bunse SMALL STATES AND EU GOVERNANCE Leadership through the Council Presidency Judith Marquand DEVELOPMENT AID IN RUSSIA Lessons from Siberia Li-Chen Sim THE RISE AND FALL OF PRIVATIZATION IN THE RUSSIAN OIL INDUSTRY Stefania Bernini FAMILY LIFE AND INDIVIDUAL WELFARE IN POSTWAR EUROPE Britain and Italy Compared Tomila V. Lankina, Anneke Hudalla and Helmut Wollman LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE Comparing Performance in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Russia Cathy Gormley-Heenan POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND PEACE PROCESS Role, Capacity and Effect Lori Plotkin Boghardt KUWAIT AMID WAR, PEACE AND REVOLUTION Paul Chaisty LEGISLATIVE POLITICS AND ECONOMIC POWER IN RUSSIA Valpy FitzGerald, Frances Stewart and Rajesh Venugopal (editors) GLOBALIZATION, VIOLENT CONFLICT AND SELF-DETERMINATION Miwao Matsumoto TECHNOLOGY GATEKEEPERS FOR WAR AND PEACE The British Ship Revolution and Japanese Industrialization Håkan Thörn ANTI-APARTHEID AND THE EMERGENCE OF A GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY Lotte Hughes MOVING THE MAASAI A Colonial Misadventure Fiona Macaulay GENDER POLITICS IN BRAZIL AND CHILE The Role of Parties in National and Local Policymaking Stephen Whitefield (editor) POLITICAL CULTURE AND POST-COMMUNISM José Esteban Castro WATER, POWER AND CITIZENSHIP Social Struggle in the Basin of Mexico Valpy FitzGerald and Rosemary Thorp (editors) ECONOMIC DOCTRINES IN LATIN AMERICA Origins, Embedding and Evolution Victoria D. Alexander and Marilyn Rueschemeyer ART AND THE STATE The Visual Arts in Comparative Perspective Ailish Johnson EUROPEAN WELFARE STATES AND SUPRANATIONAL GOVERNANCE OF SOCIAL POLICY Archie Brown (editor) THE DEMISE OF MARXISM-LENINISM IN RUSSIA Thomas Boghardt SPIES OF THE KAISER German Covert Operations in Great Britain during the First World War Era Ulf Schmidt JUSTICE AT NUREMBERG Leo Alexander and the Nazi Doctors’ Trial Steve Tsang (editor) PEACE AND SECURITY ACROSS THE TAIWAN STRAIT James Milner REFUGEES, THE STATE AND THE POLITICS OF ASYLUM IN AFRICA Stephen Fortescue (editor) RUSSIAN POLITICS FROM LENIN TO PUTIN St Antony’s Series Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-71109-5 (hardback) 978-0-333-80341-7 (paperback) (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Russian Politics from Lenin to Putin Edited By Stephen Fortescue Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences and International Relations, University of New South Wales, Australia In Association with St Antony’s College, Oxford © Editorial matter, selection and conclusion © Stephen Fortescue 2010 All remaining chapters © respective authors 2010 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, HampshireRG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978-0-230-57587-5 hardback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Russian politics from Lenin to Putin / edited by Stephen Fortescue. p. cm. – (St. Anthony’s series) ISBN 978-0-230-57587-5 (hardback) 1. Russia (Federation)–Politics and government I. Fortescue, Stephen. JN6695.R8675 2010 947.084–dc22 2010010801 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne In honour of T.H. Rigby. Friend, colleague, teacher, mentor This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Tables viii List of Contributors ix Preface xii 1 T.H. Rigby on Soviet and Post-Soviet Russian Politics 1 Stephen Fortescue 2 Institutionalization and Personalism in the Policy-making 21 Process of the Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Russia Stephen Fortescue 3 The Boss and His Team: Stalin and the Inner Circle, 51 1925–33 Sheila Fitzpatrick 4 Building the Communist Future: Legitimation and the 76 Soviet City Graeme Gill 5 Legitimation and Legitimacy in Russia Revisited 101 Leslie Holmes 6 Perestroika as Revolution from Above 127 Archie Brown 7 How Much Did Popular Disaffection Contribute to the 152 Collapse of the USSR? Peter Reddaway 8 Pantouflage à la russe: The Recruitment of Russian Political 185 and Business Elites Eugene Huskey 9 Conclusion 205 Stephen Fortescue Index 215 vii List of Tables Table 8.1 Earlier State Service of Leading Russian Corporate 192 Directors and Managers (By Sector of Russian Officialdom, post-1991 only) Table 8.2 Education Backgrounds of the Russian Business 195 Elite (First Degree of Directors and Senior Managers of the Top 20 Russian Companies, By Market Capitalization) viii List of Contributors Archie Brownis Emeritus Professor of Politics at Oxford University and Emeritus Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford. He taught at Glasgow University from 1964 to 1971 and at Oxford from 1971 to 2005. He has been a Fellow of the British Academy since 1991 and was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2003. In 2005 Professor Brown was awarded the CMG in the Queen’s Birthday Honours List ‘for services to UK-Russian relations and to the study of political science and international affairs’. Archie Brown was co-editor with T.H. Rigby and Peter Reddaway of Authority, Power and Policy in the USSR. Essays dedicated to Leonard Schapiro (1980 and 1983). His publications include The Gorbachev Factor (1996; 1997) which won the W.J.M. Mackenzie Prize of the Political Studies Association of the UK and the Alec Nove Prize of the British Association for Slavonic and East European Studies, Seven Years that Changed the World: Perestroika in Perspective (2007), and most recently The Rise and Fall of Communism(2009). Sheila Fitzpatrickis the Bernadotte E. Schmitt Distinguished Service Professor in Modern Russian History at the University of Chicago. A specialist in Soviet social, political, and cultural history, particularly of the Stalin period, she was born in Australia and educated at the University of Melbourne and Oxford. She has worked in the US since the early 1970s, teaching at Columbia University, the University of Texas at Austin, and (since 1990) the University of Chicago. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, a Professorial Fellow at the University of Melbourne, and past president of the American Association for Slavic and East European Studies. Her books include Everyday Stalinism. Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s (2000) and Tear off the Masks! Identity and Imposture in Twentieth-Century Russia (2005), Against the Grain: Brian Fitzpatrick, Manning Clark and Australian History and Politics (ed. with Stuart Macintyre, 2007), Political Tourists: Australian Visitors to the Soviet Union in the 1920s–1940s (ed. with Carolyn Rasmussen, 2008), and Beyond Totalitarianism. Stalinism and Nazism Compared (ed. with Michael Geyer, 2009). ix