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Russian Institutions And Culture Up To Peter The Great PDF

368 Pages·1975·6.226 MB·English
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Amongst other Variorum Reprints: BJARNE N0RRETRANDERS The Shaping of Czardom under Ivan Groznyj Copenhagen 1964 edition A. N. POPOV Istoriko-literatumyj obzor drevne-russkich polemiceskich socinenij protiv latinjan (XI-XV v.) Moscow 1875 edition NIKOLAJ TIXONRAVOV Pamjatniki otrepennoj russkoj literatury I & II St. Petersburg & Moscow 1863 editions К. I. DIKSON, A. V. MEZ ER & D. A. BRAGINSKIJ Bibliograficeskie ukazateli perevodnoj belletristiki St. Petersburg 1897 & 1902 editions P. A. SYRKU K istorii ispravlenija knig v Bolgarii v XIV veke St. Petersburg 1898 & 1890 editions A. SOLOVJEV & V. A. MOSIN, Eds. Grcke povelje Srpskih vladara (Greek Charters of Serbian Rulers) Belgrade 1936 edition T. FLORINSKIJ Juznye Slavjane i Vizantija vo vtoroj cetverti XIV veka St. Petersburg 1882 edition G. A. ILYINSKIY Gramoty bolgarskikh carey Moscow 1911 edition Polnyj pravoslavnyj bogoslovskij enciklopediceskij slovar’ (1913) Russian edition Bdinski Zbomik. Old Slavonic Menologium A.D. 1360 Facsimile edition Codex Gandavensis 408 In the Collected Studies Series: NIKOLAY ANDREEV Studies in Muscovy: Western influence and Byzantine inheritance DIMITRI OBOLENSKY Byzantium and the Slavs P. N. BERKOV Literary Contacts between Russia and the West since the Fourteenth Century Russian Institutions and Culture up to Peter the Great Professor Marc Szeftel Marc Szeftel Russian Institutions and Culture up to Peter the Great Preface by Donald W Treadgold VARIORUM REPRINTS London 1975 ISBN 0 902089 80 3 Published in Great Britain by Variorum Reprints 21a Pembhdge Mews London Wll 3EQ Printed in Great Britain by Kingprint Limited Richmond Surrey VARIORUM REPRINT CS39 CONTENTS Preface i-iii I The Vseslav Epos 13-86 In: Memoirs of the American Folklore Society, 42 (1947). In collaboration with Roman Jakobson (Philadelphia, 1949) II Review: The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text (S. H. Cross and O. P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor) 257-267 In: Speculum, 30 (Cambridge, Mass., 1955) III Aspects of Feudalism in Russian History 167-182 413-419 In: Feudalism in History, ed. by Rushton Coulbom (Princeton University Press, 1956) IV La condition légale des étrangers dans la Russie novgorodo-kievienne 375-430 In: Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin, 10 (Editions de la Librairie Encyclopédique, Bruxelles, 1958) V Pamiati A. A. Ekka 255-263 In: NovyiZhumal, The New Review, 52 (New York, 1958) VI ' Some Reflections on the Particular Character­ istics of the Russian Historical Process 223-237 In: The Russian Review, 23 (Stanford, 1964) VII Joseph Volotsky’s Political Ideas 19-29 In: Jahrbücher fur Geschichte Osteuropas, Neue Folge 13 (München,1965) VIII La participation des assemblées populaires dans le gouvernement central de la Russie depuis l’époque kiévienne jusqu’à la fin du XVIIIe siècle 339-365 In: Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin, 25 (Editions de la Librairie Encyclopédique, Bruxelles, 1965) IX Les principautés russes avant l’ascension de Moscou (IXe-XVe siècles) 613—636 In: Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin, 22 (Editions de la Librairie Encyclopédique, Bruxelles, 1969) X La monarchie absolue dans l’Etat moscovite et l’Empire russe (fin XVe siècle — 1905) 727—757 In: Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin, 22 (Editions de la Librairie Encylopédique, Bruxelles, 1969) XI The History of Suretyship in Old Russian Law 841—866 In: Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin, 29 (Editions de la Librairie Encyclopédique, Bruxelles, 1971) XII La formation et l’évolution de l’Empire russe jusqu’en 1918 422—432 In: Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin, 31 (Editions de la Librairie Encyclopédique, Bruxelles, 1973) XIII The Legal Condition of the Foreign Merchants in Muscovy 335—358 In: Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin, 33 (Editions de la Librairie Encyclopédique, Bruxelles, 1972) Index i-vii This volume contains a total of 374 pages PREFACE Marc Szeftel is doubtless the leading scholar alive in the field of medieval Russian history outside the USSR. His schooling took place in Russia, Poland, and Belgium; his scholarly training began at the University of Warsaw. ' At first his studies had nothing in particular to do with Eastern Europe. At Warsaw he attended Ignacy Koschembahr-Lyskowski’s seminar on Roman law and Eugeniusz Jarra’s seminar on the history of the philo­ sophy of law. At the Université Libre de Bruxelles he enrolled in the seminar in Roman and civil law of Maximilien Philonenko and the seminars on Russian history of Alexandre Eck, on the history of law of Jacques Pirenne, and on early modern history of Michel Huisman; thus he studied in both the Faculté de Droit and the Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres. His research began with an investigation of the legal history of the French nobility and in particular with the dérogeance à la noblesse. The result was an article in the Revue de VInstitut de Sociologie (Solvay, Bruxelles, 1936) entitled “La notion de vie exemplaire de la noblesse et l’évolution sociale de la France de l’ancien régime,” which earned the praise of Marc Bloch in the Annales. In 1935 Eck and Jacques Pirenne took the initiative in organizing the Société Jean Bodin pour l’étude de l’histoire comparative des institutions, of which Szeftel was a charter member. The purpose of the Society was to subject different institutions of public and private law, one by one, to related studies made by specialists in different periods and countries; that is to say, detailed and systematic comparative study was to be devoted to the institutions in question. Szeftel made the aims of the Society his own in significant respects, but he chose to take as his own province of scholarly inquiry the institutional and legal history of Russia, using his Slavic background and experience. He did so with the help and encouragement of both Eck and Pirenne, and from 1936 made Russia his exclusive scholarly concern. A prerequisite to what he wished to do was making accessible to the Western scholarly world a series of major Russian legal sources, through translation ii and thorough interpretation based on close study of the texts concerned. The culmination of this aspect of Szeftel’s work came in 1963 with the publication of Documents de droit public relatifs à la Russie médiévale by the Librairie Encyclopédique in Brussels. The book consists of translations, with extensive commentary, of Russian medieval codes - both recensions of the Russkaia Pravda and the Pskovskaia Sudebnaia Gramota — and of princely ecclesiastical charters. The comparative motive incorporated in the activities of the Société Jean Bodin inspired many of Szeftel’s studies on medieval Russia. A major example was the essay on “Aspects of Feudalism in Russian History” which grew out of the 1950 Princeton conference on uniformities in history and was included in Rushton Coulbom, ed., Feudalism in History, published by Princeton University Press in 1956. Another was the volume on “Russia (Before 1917)” which he contributed to the multi-volume series edited by John Gilissen entitled Bibliographical Introduction to Legal History and Ethnology. In 1942 Szeftel came to the United States, where he became professor of Russian history at the Ecole Libre des Hautes Etudes of New York City, and from 1944 also professor of French constitutional history there. There he was closely associated with Roman Jakobson. A notable instance of their collaboration was the work of the Faculty Seminar of the Ecole Libre concerning the authenticity of the Slovo о polku Igoreve. It resulted in a volume under the direction of Henri Grégoire, Roman Jakobson, and Marc Szeftel published in New York, 1948, as volume VIII of the Annuaire de VInstitut de Philologie et dHistoire Orientales et Slaves. Szeftel contributed to it a detailed “Commentaire historique au texte du Slovo. ” His interest in the Slovo о polku Igoreve developed subsequently and ex­ panded into a firm interest in the history of Russian culture. In 1945 Szeftel accepted a position at Cornell University. There he trained several Ph.D.’s in Russian history and continued his research in all the fields mentioned above. In 1961 he came to the University of Washington as professor of medieval Russian history, where he worked until his retirement in June 1972. He produced three or four Ph.D.’s specializing on medieval Russia, all of whom have already published in that field and will doubt­ less continue to do so. Several of his studies in medieval Russian legal and institutional history have appeared during the period of slightly more than a decade in question, as well as essays and iii encyclopedia articles of broader scope and a good many book reviews - of which he has published a total of forty-three in fourteen different periodicals published in several different countries. A notable milestone in his career will be his book on the establishment of the political institutions of the Russian constitutional monarchy (1905-07), on which he has been work­ ing for many years and on which he is just putting the finishing touches. Another major study on the style and symbols of Russian monarchy, ranging throughout the entire imperial period, is well advanced. The thirteen articles which follow, in French, Russian, and English, illustrate rather than exhaust the many facets of Marc Szeftel’s scholarly career — which is still far from being ended - over a period of 34 years, from 1938 to 1972. They indicate both his insistence on the necessity of thorough and painstaking textual analysis of sources — from those on law to those on literature — before broader generalizations can be defensibly made and his readiness to attempt such generalizations, carefully indicating the basis of evidence on which they rest. Those qualities have served for many years to make him an effective teacher and a deeply valued colleague, and I would like to end these observations by paying tribute to the manner in which his mastery of sources and his penetrating critical judgment have inspired me and furnished a model for anyone who desires to approach the study of Russia through the avenue of serious scholarship. DONALD W. TREADGOLD University of Washington Seattle

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