Russian Culture in War and Revolution, 1914–22. Book 1: Popular Culture, the Arts, and Institutions Russia’s Great War and Revolution Vol. 1, bk. 1 Murray Frame, Boris Kolonitskii, Steven G. Marks, and Melissa K. Stockdale, eds., Russian Culture in War and Revolution, 1914–22: Popular Culture, the Arts, and Institutions (2014) Vol. 1, bk. 2 Murray Frame, Boris Kolonitskii, Steven G. Marks, and Melissa K. Stockdale, eds., Russian Culture in War and Revolution, 1914–22: Political Culture, Identities, Mentalities, and Memory (2014) Series General Editors: Anthony Heywood, David MacLaren McDonald, and John W. Steinberg Each contribution © 2014 by its author. All rights reserved. Cover design by Tracey Theriault. Cover: Kazimir Malevich, Nu i tresk-zhe, nu i grom’-zhe! (What a boom, what a blast!), 1915, lithograph, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, purchased 1986. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Russian culture in war and revolution, 1914-22 / edited by Murray Frame, Boris Kolonitskii, Steven G. Marks, Melissa K. Stockdale. volumes cm -- (Russia’s Great War and Revolution ; volume 1) Includes bibliographical references. Contents: Book 1. Popular culture, the arts, and institutions -- Book 2. Political culture, identities, mentalities, and memory. ISBN 978-0-89357-423-9 (book 1) -- ISBN 978-0-89357-424-6 (book 2) 1. Popular culture--Russia--History--20th century. 2. Popular culture- -Soviet Union--History. 3. Political culture--Russia--History--20th century. 4. Political culture--Soviet Union--History. 5. World War, 1914-1918--Social aspects--Russia. 6. Soviet Union--History--Revolution, 1917-1921. 7. Russia--Intellectual life--1801-1917. 8. Soviet Union-- Intellectual life--1917-1970. 9. Russia--Social conditions--1801-1917. 10. Soviet Union--Social conditions--1917-1945. I. Frame, Murray. II. Kolonitskii, B. I. III. Marks, Steven G. (Steven Gary), 1958- IV. Stockdale, Melissa Kirschke. DK264.8.R87 2014 947.084’1--dc23 2014014607 Slavica Publishers [Tel.] 1-812-856-4186 Indiana University [Toll-free] 1-877-SLAVICA 1430 N. Willis Drive [Fax] 1-812-856-4187 Bloomington, IN 47404-2146 [Email] [email protected] USA [www] http://www.slavica.com/ In memory of Richard Stites, generous friend and inspirational scholar This page intentionally left blank. Contents From the Series Editors ..........................................................................................xi Preface .....................................................................................................................xix Christopher Read Revolution, Culture, and Cultural Policy from Late Tsarism to the Early Soviet Years ...................................................................1 Popular Culture Vladimir P. Buldakov Mass Culture and the Culture of the Masses in Russia, 1914–22 ............25 Page Herrlinger Worker Culture(s) during War and Revolution, 1914–20 ..........................53 Denise J. Youngblood Fade to Black: The Russian Commercial Film Industry during War and Revolution ...........................................................................85 Julia Mannherz Hypnosis in Russian Popular Culture during the Era of War and Revolution ...........................................................................101 viii Contents The Arts Aaron J. Cohen The Feast in the Time of Plague: The Russian Art World, Easel Painting, and the Experience of War and Revolution, 1914–22 .............................................................................................................121 Christopher Stolarski Press Photography in Russia’s Great War and Revolution ......................139 William C. Brumfield Russian Architecture and the Cataclysm of the First World War ..........165 Anke Hilbrenner Center and Periphery in Russian Jewish Culture during the Crisis of 1914–22 .........................................................................189 Ben Hellman In Search of the Truth about the Great War: The Theme of War in the Works of Five Russian Writers .......................209 J. Alexander Ogden Contemplating War, Caught Up in Revolution: A Survey of Russian Poetry, 1914–22 .........................................................233 Murray Frame Russian Theater and the Crisis of War and Revolution, 1914–22 ...........261 Institutions: Education, the Orthodox Church, and Museums Anatolii E. Ivanov Higher Education in Russia during the First World War and Revolution .................................................................285 Contents ix Evgenii M. Balashov The Russian School System and School Students during the Wars and Revolutions of 1914–22 ..........................................................315 Pavel G. Rogoznyi The Russian Orthodox Church during the First World War and Revolutionary Turmoil, 1914–21 .....................................349 Catherine Evtuhov The Church’s Revolutionary Moment: Diocesan Congresses and Grassroots Politics in 1917 .............................377 Susan Smith Cultural Heritage and “the People’s Property”: Museums in Russia, 1914–21 .......................................................................403 Notes on Contributors .........................................................................................425 This page intentionally left blank.