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sBBiili Speaking Your Language Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Kahle/Austin Foundation https://archive.org/details/russianconcisediOOOOunse Berlitz Russian Concise Dictionary Russian-English English-Russian Berlitz Publishing New York • Munich • Singapore Edited by the Langenscheidt editorial staff Based on a dictionary compiled with contributions by Irina A. Walshe Activity section by Olga Layer Book in cover photo: © Punchstock/Medioimages Neither the presence nor the absence of a designation indicating that any entered word constitutes a trademark should be regarded as affecting the legal status thereof. © 2007 Berlitz Publishing/APA Publications GmbH & Co. Verlag KG ° Singapore Branch, Singapore g All rights reserved § Trademark Reg. U.S. Patent Office and other countries. ° Marca Registrada. ^ Used under license from Berlitz Investment Corporation. r" Berlitz Publishing LO 193 Morris Avenue Springfield, NJ 07081 ^ USA ro Printed in Germany CM ISBN 978-981-268-058-7 Preface This new dictionary of English and Russian is a tool with more than 45,000 references for learners of the Russian language at beginner’s or intermediate level. A large number of idiomatic expressions has been included. The user-friendly layout with all headwords in blue allows the user to have quick access to all the words, expressions and their translations. Clarity of presentation has been a major objective. Is flimsy re¬ ferring to furniture the same in Russian as flimsy referring to an excuse? This dictionary is rich in sense distinctions like this - and in translation options tied to specific, identified senses. Vocabulary needs grammar to back it up. In this dictionary you will find extra grammar information on the conjugation and de¬ clension of Russian verbs, nouns and adjectives. The additional activity section provides the user with an oppor¬ tunity to develop language skills with a selection of engaging word puzzles. The games are designed specifically to improve vocabulary, spelling, grammar and comprehension in an enjoy¬ able style. Designed for a wide variety of uses, this dictionary will be of great value to those who wish to learn Russian and have fun at the same time. Contents How to Use the Dictionary.5 Abbreviations Used in the Dictionary.8 Russian Pronunciation. 13 English Pronunciation. 20 The Russian Alphabet. 21 Important English Irregular Verbs.22 Russian - English.27 Activity Section. 309 English - Russian. 357 Important Russian Abbreviations.644 Important American and British Abbreviations.647 Russian Geographical Names. 652 English Geographical Names. 654 Numerals. 657 American and British Weights and Measures. 659 Some Russian First Names. 661 Grammatical Tables. 663 How to Use the Dictionary 1. Arrangement. Strict alphabetical order has been maintained throughout the dictionary. A number of prefixed words, especially verbs, are not explicitly listed be¬ cause of the limited size of the dictionary, and in such cases it may prove useful to drop the prefix and look up the primary form, e. g.: nobnaroflapMTb -> SnaroflapwTb Compounds not found at their alphabetical place should be reduced to their second component in order to find out their main meaning, e. g.: TepMoriflepHbift —> riflepi-ibM = nuclear The tilde (~) serves as a mark of repetition. The tilde in bold type replaces either the headword or the part of the headword preceding the vertical bar; e. g.: MflMJ...; ~MHeCKMM = HflHJl/lliHeCKHM In the English-Russian part the tilde in multi-word lexical units is used to replace the whole headword, e.g.: phone = mobile phone mobil e ~ In the Russian-English part the tilde in idioms is used to relace the part pre¬ ceding the vertical bar, e. g.: odpynanbHoe „i\o o6pyna/ibHoe Kortbiio KO/ib|ueBOM ...; ~mo ...; - The tilde with a circle (2): when the first letter changes from a capital to a small letter or vice-versa, the usual tilde is replaced by the tilde with a circle. In brackets a hyphen (-) has been used instead of the tilde, e. g.: 6paTb [6epy, -pewb; 6pa/i, -a ...] = [6epy, bepeuib; 6pa/i, 6pana ...] Of the two main aspects of a Russian verb the imperfective form appears first, in boldface type, followed, in acute-angled brackets < >, by its perfec¬ tive counterpart. 2. Pronunciation. As a rule the pronunciation of individual Russian head¬ words has been given only in cases and places that differ from the standard pronunciation of Russian vowel and consonant letters, e. g.: jierKMM (-xk-) - «tk» is pronounced «xk». 3. Stress. The accent mark (') is placed above the stressed vowel of a Russian entry (or any other) word with more than one syllable and printed in full, as well as of run-on words, provided their accentuated vowel is not covered by the tilde or hyphen (= marks of repetition), e. g.: flOK33 blBaTb ..., <~aTb> = <flOKa3aTb> Since e is always stressed the two dots over it represent implicitly the accent mark. Wherever the accent mark precedes the tilde (%*) the second-last syllable of the part for which the tilde stands is stressed, e. g.: yBeflOM|jlflTb ..., <'~HTb> = <yBeAOMHTb> 6 An accent mark over the tilde (a) implies that the last (or sole) syllable of the part replaced by the tilde is to be stressed. Example: HaxoAlriTb ~Ka = HaxbflKa ripofla BaTb <~Tb> = <npoflaTb> In special cases of phonetic transcription, however, the accent mark pre¬ cedes the stressed syllable, cf. aHTGHHa (-'ten-). This usage is in accordance with IPA rules. Two accents in a word denote two equally possible modes of stressing it, thus: iiHane = imawe or iiHane Quite a number of predicative (or short) adjectives show a shift, or shifts, of stress as compared with their attributive forms. Such divergences are re¬ corded as follows: xopoiuuft [17; xopom, -a] = [17; xopoiu, xopowa, xopouio (pi. xopowM)] The same system of stress designation applies, to accent shifts in the preter¬ ite forms of a number of verbs, e. g.: Aa|eaTb ..., <~Tb> [... flan, -a, -o; ... (AaH, -a)] = [... Aan, a ana, Aa.no (pi. Aann);... (AaH, AaHa, asho, AaHbi)] Insertion of the “epenthetic” o, e, between the two last stem consonants in masculine short forms has been noted in all adjectives where this applies, e. g.: jierKuft ... [16; neroK, nerKa; a. nerKH] = [16; neroK, nerKa, nerKO (pi. nerKH or nerKH)] If the stress in all short forms conforms to that of the attributive adjective the latter is merely provided with the abbreviation sh. (for short form) which indicates at the same time the possibility of forming such predicative forms, e. g.: 6oraTbiM [14 sh.] = [14; boraT, boraia, boraTO, boraTbi] 4. Inflected forms. All Russian inflected parts of speech appearing in the dic¬ tionary are listed in their appropriate basic forms, i. e. nominative singular (nouns, adjectives, numerals, certain pronouns) or infinitive (verbs). The gender of Russian nouns is indicated by means of one of three abbreviations in italics (m, f n) after the headword.* Each inflected entry is followed, in square brackets [ ], by a figure which serves as reference to a definite para¬ digm within the system of conjugation and declension listed at the end of this book. Any variants of these paradigms are stated after the reference figure of each headword in question. * For users of part II: Any Russian noun ending in a consonant or -v\ is of mas¬ culine gender; those ending in -a or -n are of feminine gender; those ending in -o or -e are of neuter gender. In cases where this rule does not apply, as well as in nouns ending in -b, the gender is indicated.