Russia Twenty Years After and Thirty Years After the Russian Revolution

400 Pages·2017·5.6 MB·English

RussTiwae ntYye arAsf ter
REVOLUTIO!';ASRTYC DIES
Series EPAdCiLt LoE rBL:A :\C
China�.a rxisma.n d Democracv
Editebdy ThomasB arrett·
Chinas· C rhanR evolutionaries
GregoBre nton
A Dreamesr ·P aradisLeo st
PaulB uhle
Trotskviisnmt heC niteSdt ates
-
GeorgBer eitmna.P aulL e Blanca,n dA lanW ald
Socialifsrmo mB elow
HalD raper
War andR evolution
HalD raper
:\laxS chachtmaann d HisL eft
PeteDrr ucker
WorldR evoluti1o9n 17-1936
C.L .R .J ames
�arxisimn L atiAnm ericfar om1 909t ot heP resent
Editebdy JfichaLeolw y
On Changintgh eW orld
MichaeLlo w.)·
The Placoef � arxisimn H istorv
·
ErnesMta ndel
Revolution�aarryx isamn dS ociaRle alitivnt he2 othC entury
· .
ErnesMta ndel
Women andt heR evolution
Ethel an.n'1i1n
The Heroiacn d Creati�veea ninogf S ocialisSme:l ectEesds ayosf
JoseC arlo�sa riatt-gui
Editeadn d Translatbeyd M ichaePle arlman
The '\ew SouthA fricaan dt heS ocialViissti on
Thoma.K�. R anuga
Russiaat T wentvY earsA fter
l'ictSeorrg e
The Lefta ndt heF renchR evolution
MorriSsl m·in
C. L.R .J amesa nd Revolution�aarryx ism
Editebdy ScotMtc Lemeea nd Pa�l Le Blanc
The :\1arxiasntd theJ ewisQhu estion
MorriS.l�m •in
The l"SSR1 987-19:\911a:r xiPsetr spectives
Editebdy Marilyfn" ogt-Downey
The Rl'sponsibiolfiI tnyt ellectuals
AlanM .U ald
RudolHfi lferding
F.P eterW agner
Russia
TwentYye arAsf ter
Victorg eS er
Translabtye Mda x Shachtman
New EditiPorne parbeyd
SusanW eissman
Includes
'"THIRYTEYA RSA FTER
THE RCSSIARl\"E VOUJTION"
HUMANITIPERSE SS
NEW JERSEY
Firsptu blishiend1 937b y Hillman-CuIrnlc,.
New editipounb lishiendp aperba1c9k9 6b y
HumanitiPerse sIsn ternatiIonnca.l1,,6 5F irsAtv enue,
AtlantHiicg hlandNse,w Jerse0y7 716
New Introduct©i o1n9 96b y SusanW eissman
Translatoifo Tn hiYretayAr fst© e 1r9 96b y MicheBlo lsey
RussTiwae nYteyaA rfst© e 1r9 37b y VictoSre rge
Library Coonfg resCsa taloging-in-PubDlaitcaa tion
SergeV,i cto1r8,9 0-1947.
Russitaw entyye arasf teIr V ictoSre rge; translabtye Mda x
Shachtma;nn ew editiporne parbeyd S usaWne issman-. New ed.
p. em.- (Revolutiosntaurdyi es)
Originaplulby. N:e w York Hillman-Cu1r9l3,7 .
Includiensd ex.
ISBN 0-391-03855(-pb9k . alkp.a per)
1.S ovieUtn ion-Politaincdsg overnment-191179-362.. S oviet
Union-Foreirgenl ations-1917-19I4.5S .h achtmaMna,x ,
1903-1972.I I.W eissmanS,u sanI.I IT.i tlIeV.. S eries.
DK267.S451139 96
947 . 08-4dc20 95-49359
CIP
Allr ightrses erveNdo. p art tohfi psu blicatmiaoyn b e reproduced
ort ransmititnea dn,y foorrmb y anym eansw,i thouwtr itten
permission.
Printeidnt heU nited StoaftA emse rica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
VictSoerr geT:h eF orgotMtaernx ist
byS usanW eissman vii
Introduction xvii i
I.T HE CONDITIONO F MAN AND MIND
1.T heC ondiiton ofW otrhkee rs-aWges 3
2. TheC ondiiton tohfeW orkersT-heW ork
3·T heC onditioofn Woman 21
4·T heY outh
5·P eastasnA,r tisaAndsm,i ntirsatoBresl,i evers
6.M anageSdc ienLciet,e ratuarnedP, e dagogy 45
IIT.H E SYSTEM
1. TheS ecreSte rviCcrei,m eosfO pinion,
InetrnaPla ssports 59
2. Penitenti"aSroilaeirestis, ,D"e poritoatn,
Righotf A sylum 6g
3·T heF atoef t heS ocialiTshtesF -atoef
theA narcihsts 81
4·T heF atoe f tChoem muntiss-TheD eatohf
theO ppositionists 94
5·T heL ief oft heO ppositionists 103
6.T heC apitultaors u6
vi CONTENTS
7.T heC ulotf t heL eader 124
IIIT.H E POLITICALE VOLUTION( 1917-1936)
1. FromS oviDeetm ocarcy .t.o. (1 917-1293) 139
2. .. .Th eA dvenotf t heB ureacurac(y1 924-1927) 150
3·I ndursitalizaantdiC oonl leicztaitvi(o1n9 28-1934) 163
4·T he GreWarte tchedn(e1s93s1 -1934) 178
5·T heL aws 186
6.A Turn:T heS tabiizlatiooftn h eR ubl(e1 934-1935)1 91
7·T heK iorvA ffairA: Y earo fT error 196
8.A DemocraCtoincs tiitoun(t rg36) 206
g.T heZ inovvi-eKamenSemvi-rnoTvr ial 2II
ro.E xplanatainodnS equeolfa Crime 238
rr . StaliFni'rssF to reiPgonl i(c19y2 7-9134) 255
12.S taliSne'cso nFdo riegnP olic(y193 4-1936) 261
Conclusion 275
Postscript 288
ThirtYye arAsft ert heR ussiRaenv olution
TranslabtyeM di cheBlo lsey 299
Index 330
VictSoerr ge:
TheF orgotMtaernx ist
VICTOR SERGE-A :--.;A:'\1E ALL Bl:T CNKNOW :--.;I � THE FORMER
SoviUenti on-wonaeso ft hmeo sltu coibds erovfe rs
thep olitdiecvaell opomfe nttysho eu nSgo visetta te,
chroniicnhl iimsna gn wyo rkistb sr utdaelp arftruorme
thied eoaflt sh Oec tobReerv oluSteirocgnoe.n tended
thaStt altiank'esao vnteder r rodriicsttaitcao mrosuhnitpe d
toa c ounter-revoolnuoetf ti hobenl -oaondidinh e isst­
tory-tdotu hete e nacious orfte hsreie svtoalnuctei onary
generaotfBi oolns hetvhiaSktts a lwiansc ompeltloe d
oblitleerasac ttr ei tviociasclue r vive.
VictSoerr gwea so new hod isdu rviavnedh, ew as
determtioln eehtdi lsi tevroairscype e faoktr h owsheo
wersei lenAcsfe adar.sS erigske n owhne,t entdosb e
regaradsaer de volutnioovnealBriuysSt te .rw gaems o re
thatnh aHte.w asa r evoluthiiosntaortryhi heai ns,t o­
riaonft hLee fOtp posiSteirosgnpe.e tnhtye e afrrso m
191t9o1 93i6nt hhee aorftt h ree voluatnihdoi onsw, n
personal jourtnheaoytft hfreoe lvloolwuetdi on itself,
froPme trotgoOr raedn bfurrogtm,h ree volutsitornuagr­y
glteo t heS talignuilsaHtge .d ocumenhtieesx dp eri­
enciensb otfihc tiaonndh istosroimeest,ib mleusr ring
thlei nbee twetehnte w oI.n h iosw na utobiography,
Memoiorfas R evolutSieonrcagoreny f,e tshsahetedu sed
thneo vaeslh ivse hitcogl eeat tt hien nterru otfht he
tumultous poliitnwi hciachlhe a sntdhr iucsgo gml­es
radpeasr ticHiipfisac tteiwdoa.nms e anttoc ommunicate
vii
viii VICTOR SERGE : THE FORGOTTEN MARXIST
thattr uitnha w ayt hahti hsi stoarlioecnsoe u nlodt .
Yehti hsi stoarlisbeoes at rhs et amopfh iasr tipsrtoisce ,
anidit st hwer ittihnamgta keSse rgweo'rssk op owerful.
Thiissa lswoh amta keSse rgweo'rssk oR ussiSaenr.g e's
chosmeent hoofdc ommunicfaotlilotonhwt esr adition
ofR usshiiasnt oreivaetnnhs o,u hgehw roitneF rench
foarni nternaautdiioenInanRcl u es.s tihaen same word­
istoriuisaef-doi "rss toarnyfd"o "rh istSoirnytc.he"e
eighteenthR ucsesnhitiausnrt hyoa,rbs ye ewnr ititne n
fictiaonndn onfictaisho ins,t woarswy r itbtyem na jor
writaenrpdso eatnsd bnypo rto feshsiisotnoarWlih aants .'
thimse anisst hatth lei nbee tweheins torioagnrda phy
literhaatnsuo rte bseeevne irneR du ssainadS, e rge's
novealnsdh istoarriaeer se flecotfit ohnit sr adition,
makitnhgee x perioefrn ecaed hiinwsgo rakl tlh meo re
movianngdm emorable.
Reprihnetreaedr tew oo fS ergmeo'ssvt a luaabnlde
heretonfeogrleew cotrekdws h,o ssei gnifihcaasin nc­e
creassiendtc here a pdiids inteogftr haSeto ivoiUnen ti on.
Theayr beo trhe trospeTchtefii rvsRetus,s. s Tiwae nty
YeaArftse rp/u bliisnhI e9d3w 7h iSleer wgaes t rans­
latTirnogt sTkhyRe'e sv oluBteitornas yeerdav,sea s s o rt of
companiont oTv rooltusmkey 's wsetluldW-yrk.in to­wn
intgo L eoSne doTvr,o tsskoyn'S,se rsgtea ttehdah te
founTdr otsky'"swo nbduoelor kfa unsdel f:"auln add ded
thahtew a"s haptphyai tnm anpyl acmeysc ,o nclusions
complectoeilnycw iidthehi sw,h iolvee rbaoltblho oks
shoionte xactthlseya mdei rec"t+i on.
Sergweo'rsik s b otah s ocial-sscuirevnaetnyid fi c
analoyfst ihsSe o viUenti oonni ttsw entbiiertthh day.
Iti sa lsapo a ssionate polemeimcb eazgzalien­st Stalin's
menotft hree voluptrioomni'sse c-rtehaeot fia co onn ­
centrcaatmiupon ni veurnsaes hamceadllalwy eo dr kers'