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Russia in Flames: War, Revolution, Civil War, 1914 - 1921 PDF

842 Pages·2017·11.95 MB·English
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RUSSIA IN FLAMES Russia in 1917 RUSSIA IN FLAMES WAR, REVOLUTION, CIVIL WAR 1914–1921 LAURA ENGELSTEIN Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Laura Engelstein 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Engelstein, Laura, author. Title: Russia in flames : war, revolution, civil war, 1914–1921 / Laura Engelstein. Description: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2017000595 | ISBN 9780199794218 (hardback) ebook ISBN 9780190621773 Subjects: LCSH: Soviet Union—History—Revolution, 1917–1921. | Soviet Union—History—Revolution, 1917–1921—Causes. | World War, 1914–1918—Russia. | Russia—History—1904–1914. | Civil war—Soviet Union—History. | Soviet Union—Social conditions—1917–1945 | BISAC: HISTORY / Europe / Russia & the Former Soviet Union. | HISTORY / Modern / 20th Century. Classification: LCC DK265.E476 2018 | DDC 947.084/1—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017000595 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed by Edwards Brothers Malloy, United States of America For Michael О, если б знали, дети, вы, Холод и мрак грядущих дней! O, you children, if only you knew, What hunger and darkness are waiting for you! – Alexander Blok, Voice from the Chorus (Golos iz khora) (1910–1914) Ешь ананасы, рябчиков жуй, День твой последний приходит, буржуй. Gorge on pineapple! Chomp on grouse! Your days are numbered, bourgeois louse! – Vladimir Mayakovsky (1917), in Vladimir Il’ich Lenin (1925)1 Население, это классовый враг. The population is the class enemy. – Andrei Platonov, Hurdy-Gurdy (Sharmanka) (c. 1930) Contents List of Maps Author’s Note Introduction PART I: LAST YEARS OF THE OLD EMPIRE, 1904–1914 PART II: THE GREAT WAR: IMPERIAL SELF-DESTRUCTION 1. The Great War Begins 2. Germans, Jews, Armenians 3. Tearing Themselves Apart 4. Conflict and Collapse PART III: 1917: CONTEST FOR CONTROL 1. Five Days That Shook the World 2. The War Continues 3. From Putsch to Coup 4. Bolshevik October 5. Death of the Constituent Assembly 6. Politics from Below PART IV: SOVEREIGN CLAIMS 1. The Peace That Wasn’t 2. Treason and Terror 3. Finland’s Civil War 4. Baltic Entanglements 5. Ukrainian Drama, Act I 6. Colonial Repercussions PART V: WAR WITHIN 1. The Unquiet Don 2. Foreign Bodies 3. Trotsky Arms, Siberia Mobilizes 4. Kolchak—the Wild East 5. Ukraine, Act II 6. War Against the Cossacks 7. Miracle on the Vistula 8. War Against the Jews 9. The Last Page 10. War Against the Peasants PART VI:VICTORY AND RETREAT 1. The Proletariat in the Proletarian Dictatorship 2. The Revolution Turns Against Itself Conclusion Notes Acknowledgments Bibliographic Essay Index List of Maps Russia in 1917 Eastern Front and Brest-Litovsk The Baltics Transcaucasia Central Asia, 1917 Siberia, 1917 Ukraine

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October 1917, heralded as the culmination of the Russian Revolution, remains a defining moment in world history. Even a hundred years after the events that led to the emergence of the world's first self-proclaimed socialist state, debate continues over whether, as historian E. H. Carr put it decades
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