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Rural Gerontology This book provides the first foundation of knowledge about the intellectual traditions, contemporary scope and future prospects for the interdisciplinary field of rural gerontology. With a focus on rural regions, small towns and villages, which have the highest rates of population ageing worldwide, Rural Gerontology is aimed at understanding what it means for rural people, communities and institutions to be at the forefront of twenty-first-century demographic change. The book offers important insights from rural ageing studies into today’s most pressing gerontological problems. With chapters from more than 65 established and emerging rural ageing researchers, it is the first synthesis of knowledge about rural gerontology, harnessing a burgeoning interdisciplinary scholarship on the rural dimensions of ageing, old age and older populations. With a view to advancing a critical understanding of rural ageing populations, this book will have an overreaching impact across the social sciences by drawing on advancements in understandings of rural ageing from social, environmental, geographical and critical gerontology to facilitate a comprehensive exploration of the diversity, complexity and implications of the ageing process in rural settings. Bringing together valuable international perspectives, this book makes a timely contribution to gerontology, rural studies and the social sciences, and will appeal to scholars and researchers across USA and Canada, UK and Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, Europe, China and countries in Africa, South America and South-East Asia. Mark Skinner is Dean of Social Sciences at Trent University, Canada, where he is also Professor of Geography and holds the Canada Research Chair in Rural Aging, Health and Social Care. Rachel Winterton is Senior Research Fellow at the John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Australia. Kieran Walsh is Professor of Ageing & Public Policy in the Discipline of Economics and Director of the Irish Centre for Social Gerontology at the National University of Ireland Galway. Perspectives on Rural Policy and Planning Series Editors: Andrew Gilg and Mark Lapping This well-established series offers a forum for the discussion and debate of the often-conflicting needs of rural communities and how best they might be served. Offering a range of high-quality research monographs and edited volumes, the titles in the series explore topics directly related to planning strategy and the imple- mentation of policy in the countryside. Global in scope, contributions include theoretical treatments as well as empirical studies from around the world and tackle issues such as rural development, agriculture, governance, age and gender. European Integration and Rural Development Actors, Institutions and Power Michael Kull Evaluating the European Approach to Rural Development Grass-roots Experiences of the LEADER Programme Edited by Leo Granberg, Kjell Andersson and Imre Kovách Globalization and Europe’s Rural Regions Edited by John McDonagh, Birte Nienaber and Michael Woods Service Provision and Rural Sustainability Infrastructure and Innovation Edited by Greg Halseth, Sean Markey and Laura Ryser The Changing World of Farming in Brexit UK Edited by Matt Lobley, Michael Winter and Rebecca Wheeler Rural Gerontology Towards Critical Perspectives on Rural Ageing Edited by Mark Skinner, Rachel Winterton and Kieran Walsh For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/ Perspectives-on-Rural-Policy-and-Planning/book-series/ASHSER-1035 Rural Gerontology Towards Critical Perspectives on Rural Ageing Edited by Mark Skinner, Rachel Winterton and Kieran Walsh First published 2021 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Mark Skinner, Rachel Winterton and Kieran Walsh; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Mark Skinner, Rachel Winterton and Kieran Walsh to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN: 978-0-367-89479-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-01943-5 (ebk) Typeset in Times by Apex CoVantage, LLC Contents List of figures ix List of tables x Notes on contributors xi Preface xxvi PART I Introduction 1 1 Introducing rural gerontology 3 MARK SKINNER, RACHEL WINTERTON AND KIERAN WALSH PART II Interdisciplinary foundations 15 2 Demographic ageing and rural population change 17 E. HELEN BERRY 3 Rural studies of ageing 29 JESSE HELEY AND MICHAEL WOODS 4 Rural health and ageing: making way for a critical gerontology of rural health 40 NEIL HANLON AND LAURA POULIN 5 Critical human ecology and global contexts of rural ageing 52 NORAH KEATING, JACQUIE EALES, JUDITH PHILLIPS, LIAT AYALON, MAYESO LAZARO, VERÓNICA MONTES DE OCA, PATRICIA REA AND PRAKASH TYAGI vi Contents 6 Critical social gerontology and rural ageing 64 VANESSA BURHOLT AND THOMAS SCHARF PART III Contemporary scope 77 7 Rural ageing in low- and middle-income countries 79 PADMORE ADUSEI AMOAH AND DAVID R. PHILLIPS 8 Rural women, ageing and retirement 93 NATA DUVVURY, ÁINE NÍ LÉIME AND TANYA WATSON 9 Rural-urban migration of older people: mobility, adaptation and accessibility 105 YANG CHENG, DAVID R. PHILLIPS, MARK W. ROSENBERG AND RACHEL WINTERTON 10 Policy and program challenges in delivering health and social care services to rural older people 117 NINA GLASGOW AND STEFANIE DOEBLER 11 Rural ageing, housing and homelessness 129 MAREE PETERSEN 12 Rural ageing and transportation: how a lack of transportation options can leave older rural populations stranded 140 STINE HANSEN, K. BRUCE NEWBOLD, DARREN M. SCOTT, BRENDA VRKLJAN, AMANDA GRENIER AND KAI HUANG 13 Rural community development in an era of population ageing 152 LAURA RYSER, GREG HALSETH, SEAN MARKEY, NEIL HANLON AND MARK SKINNER 14 Making rural communities age-friendly: issues and challenges 164 VERENA MENEC AND SHEILA NOVEK 15 Rural ageing in place and place attachment 175 JANINE WILES, ROBIN KEARNS AND LAURA BATES Contents vii 16 Place-bound rural community of older men: social and autobiographical insideness of the Mill Village Boys in Finland 188 MARJAANA SEPPÄNEN, ELISA TIILIKAINEN, HANNA OJALA AND ILKKA PIETILÄ 17 Social relations, connectivity and loneliness of older rural people 199 CATHERINE HAGAN HENNESSY AND ANTHEA INNES 18 Understanding and performing care in rural contexts in Central Europe 210 ANNA URBANIAK PART IV Emerging critical perspectives 221 19 Postcolonial perspectives on rural ageing in (South) Africa: gendered vulnerabilities and intergenerational ambiguities of older African women 223 JACO HOFFMAN AND VERA ROOS 20 Posthumanist traditions and their possibilities for rural gerontology 237 ANDREW S. MACLAREN AND GAVIN J. ANDREWS 21 A Deweyan pragmatist perspective on rural gerontology 249 GRAHAM D. ROWLES AND MALCOLM P. CUTCHIN 22 Interrogating the nature and meaning of social exclusion for rural dwelling older people 262 KIERAN WALSH, SINÉAD KEOGH AND BRÍDÍN CARROLL 23 Defining the relationship between active citizenship and rural healthy ageing: a critical perspective 275 RACHEL WINTERTON AND JENI WARBURTON 24 A critical view of older voluntarism in ageing rural communities: prospect, precarity and global pandemics 287 AMBER COLIBABA, MARK SKINNER AND ELIZABETH McCRILLIS viii Contents 25 Older people and poverty: making critical connections in rural places 300 PAUL MILBOURNE 26 Critical perspectives on mental health, dementia and rural ageing 311 RACHEL HERRON AND EAMON O’SHEA 27 Rural gerontechnology: arts-based insights into rural ageing and the use of technology 323 AN KOSURKO, MARK SKINNER, RACHEL HERRON, RACHEL J. BAR, ALISA GRIGOROVICH, PIA KONTOS AND VERENA MENEC 28 Rural older people, climate change and disasters 336 MATTHEW CARROLL AND JUDI WALKER PART V Conclusion 349 29 Towards a critical rural gerontology 351 RACHEL WINTERTON, KIERAN WALSH AND MARK SKINNER Index 360 Figures 2.1 Population pyramids for Afghanistan, Burma and Japan, 2018 23 5.1 Rural Malawi: Grandfathers raising orphaned grandchildren in sub-Saharan Africa 54 5.2 Thar Desert, India: Climate and deep exclusion 56 5.3 Rural Mexico: International migration and well-being of older people 57 5.4 Israel Kibbutz: Global ideological shifts 58 7.1 Share of the overall population in urban areas globally, 2020 82 7.2 Share of the overall population in urban areas globally, 2050 82 7.3 Proportions of older persons in developed, less developed and least developed countries, 1980–2050 83 9.1 The location of case study sites in Beijing, China 107 10.1 Multi-scalar organisation of ageing-related social care services delivery in US rural areas 120 19.1 An older woman with a walking frame 229 19.2 Donkey cart used as transport in a rural community 230 19.3 Clay posts: Kitchen utensils used for cooking and storing water 232 21.1 Being in place 252 21.2 Facilitating place integration through community engagement 255 23.1 Conceptual framework of the intersection of active citizenship, rurality and healthy ageing 277 27.1 Baycrest NBS Sharing Dance Seniors in session in a Manitoba personal care home 328 27.2 Baycrest NBS Sharing Dance Seniors instructors, Canada’s National Ballet School 331 28.1 Numbers and types of natural disasters, 1950–2012 337 28.2 Major events in the last 25 years 338