Rural Enterprises in China

241 Pages·1994·23.012 MB·English

by  Christopher Findlay, Andrew Watson, Harry X. Wu (eds.)

RURAL ENTERPRISES IN CHINA
STUDIES ON THE CHINESE ECONOMY
General Editors: Peter Nolan, Lecturer in Economics and Politics, University
of Cambridge, and Fellow and Director of Studies in Economics, Jesus
College, Cambridge, England; and Dong Fureng, Professor, Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
This series analyses issues in China's current economic development, and
sheds light upon that process by examining China's economic history. It
contains a wide range of books on the Chinese economy past and present,
and includes not only studies written by leading Western authorities, but also
translations of the most important works on the Chinese economy produced
within China. It intends to make a major contribution towards understanding
this immensely important part of the world economy.
Published titles include:
Dong Fureng
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND CHINA'S RURAL
MODERNIZATION
Du Runsheng (edited by Thomas R. Gottschang)
REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL CHINA
Qimiao Fan and Peter Nolan (etlitors)
CHINA'S ECONOMIC REFORMS
Christopher Findlay, Andrew Watson and Harry X. Wu (etlitors)
RURAL ENTERPRISES IN CHINA
Gao Shangquan
CHINA'S ECONOMIC REFORM
Michael Korzec
LABOUR AND THE FAILURE OF REFORM IN CHINA
Nicholas K. Menzies
FOREST AND LAND MANAGEMENT IN IMPERIAL CHINA
Ryoshin Minami
THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA
Rural Enterprises
in China
Edited by
Christopher Findlay
Associate Professor
Department of Economics
Director, Chinese Economy Research Unit
University ofA delaide
Andrew Watson
Professor of Asian Studies
Director, Chinese Economy Research Unit
University ofA delaide
and
Harry X. Wu
Research Associate
Chinese Economy Research Unit
University ofA delaide
First published in Great Britain 1994 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstokc, Hampshire RG21 6XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
A catalogue record for this bonk is available
from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-349-23611-4 ISBN 978-1-349-23609-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-23609-1
First published in the United States of America 1994 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division,
175 Fifth Avenue,
New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-12151-8
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rural enterprises in China I edited by Christopher Findlay, Andrew
Watson and Hany X. Wu.
p. em.-(Studies in the Chinese economy)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-312-12151-8
I. Rural enterprises-China. I. Findlay, Christopher C.
(Christopher Charles) II. Watson, Andrew, 1942- . Ill. Wu, Harry
X. IV. Series.
HC427.92.R87 1994
338.0951--dc20 94--28086
CIP
@Christopher Findlay, Andrew Watson, Harry X. Wu 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of
this publication may be made without wrillen permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or
transmitted save with written pennission or in accordance with
the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988,
or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tollenham Coun
Road, London WI P 9HE.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this
publication may be liable In criminal prosecution nnd civil
claims for damages.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
03 02 OJ 00 99
Contents
List of Figures vii
List of Maps viii
Ust of Tables ix
Acknowledgements vii
List ofA bbreviations ix
Notes Oil the Contributors X
Introduction 1
Christopher Findlay, Andrew Watson and Harry X. Wu
1 Rural Enterprise Growth in a Partially Reformed
Chinese Economy 4
Chell Chunlai, Christopher Findlay, Andrew Watson
and Zhang Xiaohe
2 Private Enterprises and Local Government in Rural
China 24
Susan You11g and Yang Ga11g
3 Rural Enterprise Contributions to Growth and
Structural Change 39
Harry X. Wu
4 Regional Disparities in Rural Enterprise Growth 69
Andrew Watson and Harry X. Wu
5 Capital Formation in Rural Enterprises 93
l1wn Peng
6 The Rural Industrial Enterprise Workforce 117
HarryX. Wu
7 Rural Enterprise Growth and Efficiency 148
Harry X. Wu and Wr1 Yanrui
v
vi Contents
8 Rural Enterprises in China: Overview, Issues and
Prospects 173
Christopher Findlay, Andrew Watson and Harry X. Wu
Notes 191
Bibliography 210
Index 220
List of Figures
1.1 Definition of rural enterprises in terms of the relationship
between ownership and location 9
3.1 The real growth of total and rural GOP, 1978-91 41
3.2 The growth of total and rural employment, 1978-91 45
3.3 Changes in sectoral shares in total GDP (1980 prices)
1978-91 56
3.4 Production (measured as GOP) structure of China's industry:
the state sector versus the rural township/village sector 58
3.5 Changes in sectoral shares of total employment, 1978-91 60
3.6 Employment structure in China's industry: the state sector
versus the township and village sectors 61
4.1 The estimated relationship between the size of rural
enterprise employment and the size of total retail sales 88
6.1 Population distribution in rural and urban areas with hukou
status 120
7.1 Urban-rural (UIR) and non-agricultural-agricultural (NA/A)
APL ratios, total and by sector, 1978-91 152
7.2 Annual growth pattern of total GDP, labour and APL: rural
versus urban economy, 1979-91 156
7.3 State-rural industrial enterprise APL and APK ratios (SEIRE)
1978-91 159
7.4 Annual growth pattern of GDP, capital assets and APK: state
versus rural industrial enterprises, 1979-91 161
7.5 Estimated total factor productivity indices of state and rural
industrial enterprises, 1978-91 167
vii
List of Maps
4.1 The eastern, central and western regions of China 72
4.2 Annual growth of real GDP of rural industrial enterprises,
1978-89 77
viii
List of Tables
1.1 Rural enterprises: numbers and workers, 1978-92 8
1.2 Rural enterprises in the national economy, 1984-92 II
1.3 Total output value of township and village-run industrial
enterprises, by main sector, 1980 and 1991 12
1.4 Rural enterprise share of China's national exports,
1985-91 18
1.5 The structure of rural enterprise exports by regions,
1986-91 18
1.6 Factor intensities in state-owned and township and village
enterprises, 1978-91 19
1.7 The structure of rural enterprise exports by factor intensity,
1986-91 21
1.8 Joint ventures in rural enterprises, 1986-91 22
2.1 The share of rural township, village and private enterprises
in gross value of output, employment and the number of
enterprises, and the annual growth in gross value of output,
employment and the number of enterprises, 1978-91 27
3.1 Annual growth of real GOP, total and by sector, 1979-91 40
3.2 Annual growth of employment, total and by sector,
1979-91 46
3.3 Estimated sectoral contribution to real GOP growth,
1979-91 49
3.4 Estimated sectoral contribution to employment growth,
1979-91 52
3A.1 Estimated China's GOP at 1980 prices, total, by sector, and
by rural and urban economies, 1978-91 64
3A.2 Estimated GOP for China's state, rural and other
manufacturing and mining enterprises, 1978-91 66
3A.3 China's labour employment, total and by sector, and
estimated by rural and urban regions, 1978-91 67
4.1 Regional shares of rural enterprise total income and
gross value of output, 1985-91 75
4.2 Rural enterprise characteristics by region, 1988 79
4.3 Regional rural enterprise production structure by activity,
1988 82
4.4 Regional rural enterprise production structure by ownership,
1988 84
ix