Rural Development: A Geographical Perspective

333 Pages·2016·19.141 MB·English

by  Keith Hoggart, Henry Buller

ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS:
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Volume 10
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Page Intentionally Left Blank
RURAL DEVELOPMENT

A Geographical Perspective
KEITH HOGGART AND HENRY BULLER
Firstpublishedin1987byCroomHelmLtd
Thiseditionfirstpublishedin2016
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©1987KeithHoggartandHenryBuller
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RURAL

DEVELOPMENT
AG eographical Perspective
Keith Hoggart and Henry Buller
CROOM HELM
London • New York • Sydney
© 1987 Keith Hoggart and Henry Buller
Croom Helm Ltd, Provident House, Burrell Row,
Beckenham, Kent, BR3 1AT

Croom Helm Australia, 44-50 Waterloo Road,
North Ryde, 2113, New South Wales
Published in the USA by
Croom Helm
in association with Methuen, Inc.
29 West 35th Street,
New York, NY 10001
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Hoggart, Keith
Rural development: a geographical
perspective.
1. Rural development
I. Title 11. Buller, Henry
307'.14'091734 HN49.C6
ISBN 0-7099-3756-3
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 0-7099-3756-3
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Mackays of Chatham Ltd, Kent
CONTENTS

Tables
Figures
Preface
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. CONCEPTS 8
On 'Rural' 8
Socio-Cultural Definitions 9
Occupational Definitions 14
Ecological Definitions 16
On 'Development' 18
Perspective 27
3. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 29
Divisions in Social Theory 30
Conflict Theories 33
Development and Location 40
Perspective 51
4. THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT 53
The Structural Context 57
Settling the US West 60
Transnational Corporations 67
The European Corrmuni ty 81
The Behavioural Context 95
Trade with the Soviet Bloc 96
Foreign Aid 103
Immigrant Labour Policies 107
Perspective 112
5. NATIONS, REGIONS AND RURAL DEVELOFMENT 114
Regional Models of Rural Development 115
The DiffUsion Model 116
Internal Colonialism 121
Uneven Development Model 126
The Competitive Sector 135
Agrarian Protest 136

Industrialised Farming 140
The Agricultural Lobby 152
The Non-Agrarian Competitive Sector 164
The State Sector 166
Perspective 179
6. LOCAL COMMUNITY DEVELOFMENT 182
Local Microcosm and National Macrocosm 183
'Traditionally Rural' 185
Local Community Initiatives 191
National Effects an Rural Localities 197
Service Centralisation 203
Settlement Centralisation 212
'Outsider' Anti-Growth Movements 217
Perspective 227
7. DEVELOPMENT WITHIN LOCALITIES 229
Social Class 231
Social Power 240
Social Status 252
Perspective 262
8. SOCIAL RESEARCH AND RURAL DEVELOFMENT STUDIES 265
Bibliography 274
Index 313
The Authors 317
TABLES

2.1 Arizona Beliefs on the Attributes of Rural Areas. 11
4.1 Effective Tax Rates by Industry for 275 Major US 70
Conpanies 1981-4.
4. 2 Agricul tura.l Labour Forces in the European 84
Collllll.mi ty.
4. 3 Gains and Losses from the Comnon Agricultural 88
Policy.
4.4 Fann Incomes Per Fann by US Agricultural Region 101
1972-82.
4.5 Exports of Major Wheat Traders to Eastern Europe 103
1978-83.