Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution

380 Pages·2015·8.32 MB·English

by  Anil Kumar Puniya

Anil Kumar Puniya · Rameshwar Singh
Devki Nandan Kamra Editors
Rumen
Microbiology:
From Evolution to
Revolution
Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution
to Revolution

Anil Kumar Puniya (cid:129) R ameshwar Singh
Devki Nandan Kamra
Editors
Rumen Microbiology:
From Evolution
to Revolution
Editors
Anil Kumar Puniya Rameshwar Singh
College of Dairy Science and Technology Directorate of Knowledge Management
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal in Agriculture
Sciences University Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Ludhiana , Punjab , India New Delhi , Delhi , India
Devki Nandan Kamra
Division of Animal Nutrition
ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research
Institute
Izatnagar , Uttar Pradesh , India
ISBN 978-81-322-2400-6 ISBN 978-81-322-2401-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015944078
Springer New Delhi Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
© Springer India 2015
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Pref ace
The rumen microbiology has been on the forefront of modern livestock
productivity-r elated researches. In general, bacteria, protozoa, fungi and
viruses exist in close proximity in the rumen, where bacteria predominate
accounting for nearly 95 % of the total microbial community. This book pro-
vides an in-depth description of different groups of microorganisms that
reside in the rumen, and our goal is to make the book well informative to
scholars, researchers and teachers of animal and veterinary sciences, espe-
cially rumen microbiology. For this, throughout the text, we have focused on
specifi c areas related to the biology and complex interactions of the strict
anaerobes present in the rumen, with an aim of improving the animal produc-
tivity and the integration of signifi cant key issues of this under-explored area
of animal science.
This book presents a series of chapters on the current knowledge with an
emphasis on the interactions of host animal with the microbes in the rumen.
The whole content is divided into 6 units and 24 chapters. The introductory
chapters cover an overview of rumen microbiology; rumen microbial ecosys-
tem of domesticated ruminants; domesticated rare animals (yak, mithun and
camel), rumen microbial diversity; wild ruminants; and structure and func-
tion of a nonruminant gut, a porcine model (i.e. Chaps. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 and 5 ).
Following this, Chaps. 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 and 10 summarize the involvement of micro-
organisms in the rumen such as rumen bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses (bac-
teriophages, archaeaphages) and methanogens.
The rumen manipulation is discussed in Chaps. 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 and 15 .
Chapter 1 1 deals with plant secondary metabolites, while microbial feed
additives and utilization of organic acids to manipulate ruminal fermentation
and improve ruminant productivity are described in Chaps. 1 2 and 1 3 , respec-
tively. The selective inhibition of harmful rumen microbes and ‘omics’
approaches to understand and manipulate rumen microbial function are cov-
ered in the next two chapters. A unit of exploration and exploitation of rumen
microbes deals with the current knowledge of rumen metagenomics, rumen:
an underutilized niche for industrially important enzymes, ruminal fermenta-
tions to produce liquid and gaseous fuels, in Chaps. 1 6 , 17 and 18 , respec-
tively. Finally, the commercial application of rumen microbial enzymes
(Chap. 1 9) and molecular characterization of E uryarcheal community within
an anaerobic digester (Chap. 2 0 ) are described. The next unit of intestinal
disorders and rumen microbes covers three chapters on acidosis in cattle,
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viii Preface
urea/ammonia metabolism in the rumen and toxicity in ruminants and nitrate/
nitrite toxicity and possibilities of their use in ruminant diet. The last unit of
future prospects of rumen microbiology describes the revolution in rumen
microbiology.
In summary, the book shaped out to be a very systematic collection of the
knowledge available in the area of rumen microbiology up to the entire satis-
faction of editors. We are sure this compilation, by virtue of its content and
continuity, will popularize itself among rumen microbiologists, students and
researchers of related areas. The editors fully acknowledge the contributions
of experts and also greatly appreciate the support of Springer.
Punjab , India Anil Kumar Puniya
New Delhi , India Rameshwar Singh
Izatnagar , India Devki Nandan Kamra
Acknowledgements
T his book on ‘rumen microbiology’ came into reality through the substantial
contributions of a number of researchers, especially the contributors of the
chapters. The great determined efforts done by all of them to complete this
signifi cant task are truly acknowledged by the editors.
T he editors feel privileged to express their heartfelt gratitude to Dr. A. K.
Srivastava, Director, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal; Dr. A.
S. Nanda, Vice-Chancellor, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, Ludhiana and Dr. R. K. Singh, Director, ICAR-Indian Veterinary
Research Institute, Izatnagar, who extended their full support and greatly
encouraged for this academic assignment. We also owe our profound thanks
to Dr. G. R. Patil, Joint Director (Academic), and Dr. R. K. Malik, Joint
Director (Research), ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, for
their constructive comments throughout the editing of this book.
W e extend our thanks to all of our professional colleagues in the institute
and elsewhere, who supported us directly or indirectly in giving a fi nal shape
to this book. Dr. Bhuvnesh Shrivastava and Dr. Monica Puniya are especially
acknowledged for their signifi cant involvement in the compilation of this
book.
W e are sincerely thankful to Dr. Prakash Sinha and Dr. Harmesh Sahay,
who provided their technical help in compiling and editing of the chapters. In
addition, the scholars who assisted me, viz. Prasanta Kumar Choudhury and
Vipul Kashayap, deserve full appreciation.
We are also grateful to Springer for inviting us to edit this book.
Words would not suffi ce to thank Mr. Dharun Vijay and Ishaan Vijay for
their affectionate concern throughout the compilation of this work.
ix