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Rudolph’s PEDIATRICS 22 EDITION ND SELF-ASSESSMENT AND BOARD REVIEW NOTICE Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the stan- dards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. Rudolph’s PEDIATRICS 22 EDITION ND SELF-ASSESSMENT AND BOARD REVIEW Editor Michael D. Cabana, MD, MPH Professor of Pediatrics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics Chief, Division of General Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies San Francisco, California Consulting Editors Hilary M. Haftel, MD, MHPE Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Sunitha V. Kaiser, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California Julie Stein O’Brien, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-178110-7 MHID: 0-07-178110-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-178109-1, MHID: 0-07-178109-9. E-book conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. 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Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. To Cewin, Alexandra, Abigail, Annie, and Binko —MDC To Mindy, Gene, George, and Georgia —JSO To Dan, Lirit, and Shoshana —HMH To Rao, Vasu, Scott, and Varun —SVK This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix 16. Musculoskeletal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Hilary M. Haftel Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii 17. Infectious Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Dylan C. Kann, Duha Al-Zubeidi, Erica Pan, Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix Sunitha V. Kaiser, and Michael D. Cabana 18. Disorders of the Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 1. Fundamentals of Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Erin F.D. Mathes, Diana Camarillo, Laura L. Sisterhen, Natalie J. Burman, and D. Micah Hester Ann L. Marqueling, Vikash Oza, Julie C. Philp, Deepti Gupta, and Barrett J. Zlotoff 2. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention . . . . . . . . . 17 19. Disorders of the Ear, Nose, and Throat . . . . . . . . . . . 368 Ada M. Fenick Anna K. Meyer and Kristina W. Rosbe 3. Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 20. Disorders of the Oral Cavity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 Michael D. Cabana and Cewin Chao Susan Fisher-Owens and Michael D. Cabana 4. Abuse, Neglect, and Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 21. Disorders of the GI Tract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Christopher C. Stewart Kristin L. Van Buren, Haley C. Neef, and Eric H. Chiou 5. Newborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 22. Disorders of the Liver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 W. Christopher Golden, Elizabeth A. Cristofalo, Bernadette A. Hillman, and Colleen Hughes Driscoll Sarah Shrager Lusman and Haley C. Neef 6. Principles of Adolescent Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 23. Disorders of the Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 Lauren B. Hartman and Sara M. Buckelew James Huang and Tannie Huang 7. Development and Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 24. Neoplastic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 Martin T. Stein and Julie Stein O’Brien Ashley Ward and Robert Goldsby 8. The Acutely Ill Infant and Child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 25. Disorders of the Kidney and Urinary Tract . . . . . . . 480 Christine S. Cho, Jerusha Pearson-Lev, Kartik Pillutla and Erica Winnicki and Cornelia Latronica 26. Disorders of the Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 9. The Chronically Ill Infant and Child . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Alaina K. Kipps and Laura A. Robertson John I. Takayama and Sunitha V. Kaiser 27. Disorders of the Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 10. Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Amy G. Filbrun, Danielle M. Goetz, and Nanci Yuan Marie H. Tanzer and David B. Kershaw 28. Endocrinology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 11. Disorders of Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Andrea K. Goldyn and Todd D. Nebesio Ayesha Ahmad 29. Neurology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 12. Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Amy A. Gelfand and Kendall B. Nash Angela Scheuerle 30. Disorders of the Eyes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 13. Immunologic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Lance M. Siegel and Tina Rutar Hilary M. Haftel 14. Allergic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 Alan P. Baptist and Aimee Leyton Speck 15. Rheumatologic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Hilary M. Haftel vii This page intentionally left blank CONTRIBUTORS Ayesha Ahmad, MBBS Diana Camarillo, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Pediatric Dermatology Fellow Division of Genetics Department of Dermatology University of Michigan University of California, San Francisco Ann Arbor, Michigan San Francisco, California Chapter 11 Chapter 18 Duha Al-Zubeidi, MD Cewin Chao, MS, RD, MBA Pediatric Infectious Diseases Fellos Director, CTSI Bionutrition Core Department of Pediatrics Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco St. Louis, Missouri San Francisco, California Chapter 17 Chapter 3 Alan P. Baptist, MD, MPH Eric H. Chiou, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Baylor College of Medicine University of Michigan School of Medicine Houston, Texas Ann Arbor, Michigan Chapter 21 Chapter 14 Christine S. Cho, MD, MPH, MEd Sara M. Buckelew, MD, MPH Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine Associate Professor of Pediatrics Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California San Francisco, California Chapter 8 Chapter 6 Elizabeth A. Cristofalo, MD, MPH Kristin L. Van Buren, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Houston, Texas Chapter 5 Chapter 21 Colleen Hughes Driscoll, MD Natalie J. Burman, DO, MA Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Instructor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics University of Maryland School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco Baltimore, Maryland San Francisco, California Chapter 5 Chapter 1 Ada M. Fenick, MD Michael D. Cabana, MD, MPH Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Pediatrics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics Department of Pediatrics Chief, Division of General Pediatrics Yale School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics New Haven, Connecticut University of California, San Francisco Chapter 2 UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies San Francisco, California Chapters 3, 17, and 20 ix